1、英語語法英語語法 一字不改地引用或復(fù)述別人的一字不改地引用或復(fù)述別人的話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分就叫直接引語；話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分就叫直接引語；直接引語必須都放在引號(hào)中，其位置直接引語必須都放在引號(hào)中，其位置常在句尾或句首。常在句尾或句首。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話；被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話；被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分就叫間接引語；間接引語不必用括號(hào)，一就叫間接引語；間接引語不必用括號(hào)，一般用賓語從句或復(fù)合賓語表達(dá)法。般用賓語從句或復(fù)合賓語表達(dá)法。 原封不動(dòng)引用別人的原話原封不動(dòng)引用別人的原話,原話在引號(hào)中。原話在引號(hào)中?！癟ake off your boots,” he said.“I dont kn

2、ow where your bike is,” said the Arab.“Im sorry,” the professor said to the class, “but none of you watchedcarefully enough.”用自己的話用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述轉(zhuǎn)述別人所說的內(nèi)容。通常別人所說的內(nèi)容。通常以以賓語從句賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)直接引語變的形式出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，有關(guān)的為間接引語時(shí)，有關(guān)的人稱、語序、時(shí)人稱、語序、時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、和少態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、和少數(shù)動(dòng)詞數(shù)動(dòng)詞都要作相應(yīng)的都要作相應(yīng)的改變改變。時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)的的變變化化直接引語直接

3、引語間接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)或不變過去完成時(shí)或不變過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去（完成）進(jìn)行時(shí)過去（完成）進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)代詞代詞時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語狀語少數(shù)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞直直 接接間間 接接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthos

4、etherethengotakecouldmighthad to 直直 接接 間間 接接three years agothree years beforelast yearthe year beforelast weekthe week beforethis yearthat yearnext weekthe next weeknext yearthe following yeartodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowThe next daythe following day時(shí)時(shí)間間狀狀語語陳述句：陳述句：引語前用引語前用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo),有時(shí)

5、也可以不用。有時(shí)也可以不用。He said, “I opened the window this morning.”He said that he opened the window that morning.My sister said, “We have cleaned the floor.”My sister said that they had cleaned the floor.The manager said to me, “You must go there next week.”The manager told me that I had to go there the nex

6、t week.The girl said, “I can do my homework myself.”The girl said that she could do her homework herself.如直接引語是客觀真理，如直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.”The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.陳述句陳述句 直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：直接引

7、語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：A said thatA told B thatThe girl said that she could do her homework herself.The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，要用變?yōu)殚g接引語后，要用陳述語序陳述語序（主語主語先寫先寫）用）用if 或或whether引導(dǎo)。時(shí)態(tài)等作引導(dǎo)。時(shí)態(tài)等作相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化。He asked , “Can you hear me?”He asked if/whether I could hear him.Th

8、e teacher asked, “Have you read this book, Bob?”The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.She said to me, “Will you go there with me?”She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.She asked, “Did you see the film yesterday, Peter?”She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the

9、day before.“Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” Joan asked Kate.Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day.一般疑問句一般疑問句 直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：A asked if/whetherA asked B if whetherHe asked if/whether I could hear him.The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.特

10、殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，變?yōu)殚g接引語后，仍仍用用原來原來的的疑問詞引疑問詞引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)，用，用陳述陳述語序。時(shí)態(tài)等作相應(yīng)語序。時(shí)態(tài)等作相應(yīng)變化變化。When did they build this bridge?” she asked.She asked when they built that bridge.The teacher asked her, “Why did you come late?”The teacher asked her why she came late.Robert asked Alice, “Where is my dictionary?”Robert a

11、sked Alice where his dictionary was.Mrs. Bill asked him, “Which book do you like best?”Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：A asked +原句疑問詞原句疑問詞A asked B +原句疑問詞原句疑問詞She asked when they built that bridge.Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.祈使句：祈使句：

12、改為間接引語后，就成了以改為間接引語后，就成了以不定式短語不定式短語形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn)的賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語（動(dòng)詞常是（動(dòng)詞常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn /remind等）。等）。He said to the girl, “Do it at once.”He told the girl to do it at once.Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.”Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.She said to me, “Dont smoke in

13、the classroom.”She told me not to smoke in the classroom.He said, “Lets go fishing tomorrow.”He suggested going fishing the next day.祈使句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)祈使句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu) (sb to do sth)(sb to do sth)：A told B (not) to doA asked B (not) to doHe told the girl to do it at once.Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.二）祈使句改間接引語后是二）祈使句改