1、外研版高中英語選修六 1-6 單元知識點歸納Module 1.2重點單詞2經(jīng)典短語透視3熱點語法聚焦（非重點）5Module 2.6重點單詞6經(jīng)典短語透視7熱點語法聚焦（重點）8Module 3.10重點單詞10經(jīng)典短語透視12熱點語法聚焦(重點）13Module 4.14重點單詞14經(jīng)典短語透視15熱點語法聚焦（非重點）16Module 5.18重點單詞18經(jīng)典短語透視20熱點語法聚焦（非重點）22Module 6.23重點單詞23經(jīng)典短語透視24熱點語法聚焦(非重點）26Module 1 重點單詞【詞條 1】lack【點撥】lack 動詞, 意為"缺乏,沒有"。如:He

2、 is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence. What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm.【拓展】1. lack 的常用短語有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點等)"；lack (for) nothing"應有盡有"。如:Money for the project is still lacking. I think the film is lacking

3、 in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack 還可作名詞,常與 of 連用,意為"缺乏,沒有"。for lack of "因為缺乏"。如:The work had to be stopped for lack of funds. The flowers withered for lack of water.【詞條 2】reply【點撥】名詞,意為"回答,答復",常與介詞 to 連用。如: Is it a reply to the fi

4、rst or the second letter To my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常用在短語 in reply to 中,意為"作為對的回答,回復"。如: What did he do in reply to your challenge【拓展】reply 也可作動詞,意為"回答,答復",reply (to . / that .) 。如:The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she k

5、new nothing about it.【詞條 3】apology【點撥】apology 名詞,意為"道歉,歉意",常用于短語:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如:Its impolite of you to leave without a word of apology. In my judgment, we should accept their apology.Youd better make an apology for your

6、absence.【拓展】其動詞形式為 apologize,意為"道歉,表示歉意",常用短語為: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如:I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day. I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】think of【點撥】think of 可意為"想起,想出"。如:The photo made me t

7、hink of my child-hood. It was Tom who thought of the good plan.【拓展】think 的其他常用短語:1. think highly / much of 重視,高度贊揚。如:All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考慮。如:I was thinking about something else and missed your words.3. think over 仔細考慮。如:Please think

8、 the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow.【短語 2】in addition【點撥】in addition 意為"另外,此外"。如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to 除之外(還有),to 為介詞,后接名詞或動詞-ing 形式。如:His brother can speak three

9、foreign languages in addition to English. besides 也意為"除之外(還有)"。如:The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短語 3】leave out【點撥】leave out 意為"省去,刪去"。如:In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.You can leave out the unnecessary

10、words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1. leave out 還可意為"漏掉,遺漏"。如:Decide with you partner which words have been left out.2. 與 leave 相關(guān)的常用短語:leave behind 遺留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties. leave over 剩余,暫不解決We shall have to leave the question over till the next me

11、eting. leave alone 別管,不理會If I were you, Id leave this question alone.【短語 4】show off【點撥】show off 意為"炫耀"。如:Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls. His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】與 show 相關(guān)的常用短語: show sb. around 領(lǐng)某人參觀The headmaster showed us arou

12、nd the school. show up 出席,到場The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasnt shown up.熱點語法聚焦（非重點）didnt need to do 和 neednt have done 的區(qū)別(非重點）didnt need to do 和 neednt have done 都有"過去不必做某事"的意思,但是 didnt need to 表示"過去沒有必要做某事,事實上也沒做"；neednt have done 表示"過去本來不必做某事,實際上卻做了"。如:I

13、 didnt need to take a taxi from the air-port there was a bus all the way into the city.I neednt have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left. 此外,要注意 need 的其它用法:need 可作實義動詞,也可作情態(tài)動詞。1. 作實義動詞時, need 有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后可以接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式和動名詞等,否定式要在前面加 dont (doesnt, didnt),疑問句用 do (does, did) 提問。如:The co

14、mpany needs some good salesmen.His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.2. 作情態(tài)動詞時,need 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接動詞原形,否定式為neednt,常用在否定句和疑問句中。如:You neednt worry about him. He is very mature now.Need I stay another dayYes, you must.Module 2 重點單詞【詞條 1】behave【點撥】behave 用作不及物動詞,意為"(舉止

15、或行為)表現(xiàn)"。如: She has been behaving very politely.另外,behave 還可意為"舉止得體；守規(guī)矩",常和反身代詞連用。如: Cant you make your little child behave himself【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表現(xiàn)得好的/不好的；behavior n. 行為,舉止如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child.She was ashamed of her childrens bad behavior.【詞

16、條 2】appeal【點撥】appeal 可用作名詞,意為"吸引力,感染力"。如: Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal 用作名詞時,還可意為"呼吁,請求"。如:His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal 還可用作動詞, 意為"引起興趣

17、；呼吁,請求",常跟介詞 to 連用。如: Does the idea of working abroad appeal to youThe policeare appealing to the public for any information about this.【詞條 3】awake【點撥】awake 可用作形容詞,意為"醒著的"。如:I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.注意:awake 是表語形容詞,不能用于名詞前作定語。類似的形容詞還有 asleep, alive, aware

18、等。【拓展】awake (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物動詞,意為"醒來",這時與 wake up 意義相近；awake 也可作及物動詞,意為"喚醒,叫醒；喚起(記憶)；激起(情感)"。如:I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day. The thunder awoke me last night.His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty. Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.

19、經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】ahead of【點撥】ahead of 意為"在之前"。如:The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】ahead of 還可意為"勝過,優(yōu)于；(數(shù)量、價格等)超過"。如: In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.【短語 2】holdout【點撥】h

20、old out 可意為"伸出,拿出"。如:When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.【拓展】hold out 還可意為"維持；堅持(抵抗)"。如:We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until hel

21、p at last came.【短語 3】put down【點撥】put down 可意為"放下"。如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!【拓展】1. put down 還可意為"寫下,記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅"。如:Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper. The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. down 愛不釋手；不忍釋卷。如:It is an interesting sto

22、ry and he cant put it down until he has finished reading it.2. 與 put 相關(guān)的常用短語:put out 出版；生產(chǎn)；使熄滅,撲滅；put up 樹立； put off 推遲；put aside 把擱在一邊；put forward 提出；put up with 容忍。如:Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed.The building will be put up in the centre of the campus. Dont put off till tomorro

23、w what can be done today.He put aside his work to spend more time with his family. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.I could hardly put up with the child any longer.熱點語法聚焦（重點）動詞的-ing 形式作狀語（高考重點）可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨或?qū)χ^語加以補充說明等。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to tim

24、e. (時間) It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (結(jié)果)Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you.(條件)Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (讓步) We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)Not knowing how to deal with the problem,

25、the boy turned to his teacher.(原因）Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴隨)【難點點撥】1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致,它所表示的動作應該 是句中主語所發(fā)出的動作,即現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。如: Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country. (we 與 see 之間是主動關(guān)系)2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其前可加 while, when, after, before, t

26、hough, unless 等連詞,on, upon 等介詞或 thus, completely 等副詞。如:While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical. Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.3. 有時用"(with / w

27、ithout)+ 賓語+ 現(xiàn)在分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。如: I couldnt focus my attention with that noise going on. 高考真題加改編題目練習：1(2015·課標全國，64)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use)electric equipment.2(2015·安徽，27 改編) (ignore

28、) the difference between the tworesearch findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 3(2015·北京，21 改編) (catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.4(2015·北京，23 改編)The park was full of people， (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.5(2015·天津，8 改編) (w

29、ork) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.6(2015·陜西，17 改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.7(2015·浙江，18 改編)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it (perform

30、) live is quite another.8(2015·湖南，30 改編)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground， (wonder) whether to stay or leave.9(2015·福建，28 改編) (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.10(

31、2015·江蘇，24 改編)Much time (spend) sitting at a desk， office workers are generally troubled by health problems.Module 3 重點單詞【詞條 1】raise【點撥】vt. 可意為"招募,籌措(金錢)"。如:It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.【拓展】raise 還可意為"

32、舉起；增加,提高；提出；撫養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)；引起"。如: The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The boss has promised to raise their pay. He was so angry as to raise his voice.The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm. The discussion raised our interest.【辨析】raise rise 兩者都可以表示"上升

33、；增長"之意,不同的是 raise 是及物動詞,rise 是不及物動詞。如:On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.【詞條 2】regret【點撥】regret 可用作動詞,意為"懊悔,惋惜；遺憾",后接名詞、代詞、that 從句、不定式、動名詞等。如:I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I cant att

34、end the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm.注意:其后接動詞-ing 形式和動詞不定式時意思有區(qū)別。試體會:I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遺憾要做某事) I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)【拓展】regret 也可作名詞,意為"遺憾,后悔；歉意"。如:We decided with great re

35、gret that we couldnt offer you the position.feel noregretat 對不感到遺憾much toonesregret 使某人非常遺憾的是expressonesregret at 對表示遺憾【詞條 3】forgive【點撥】vt.vi.意為"原諒,寬恕",常用于結(jié)構(gòu) forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接雙賓語。如:I will never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him the

36、bad behavior.【拓展】forgiveness n.原諒,寬恕,饒恕 forgiving adj. 寬大的,仁慈的經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】keep in touch (with)【點撥】keep in touch (with sb.)意為"(與某人)保持聯(lián)系",也可寫作 stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:This is my card. Lets keep in touch.Ive kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】與 touch 相關(guān)的

37、常見搭配還有:get in touch with"與取得聯(lián)系"； lose touch with / be out of touch with"與失去/ 沒有聯(lián)系"。如:We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you.【短語 2】knock over【點撥】knock over 意為"撞倒,擊倒"。如:A drunken driver knoc

38、ked over nine people, causing five deaths.【拓展】與 knock 相關(guān)的短語還有:knock down"打倒,推倒"；knock off"停止, 中斷"；knock out"擊敗,擊倒"。如:He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist. We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.【短語 3】make up【點撥

39、】make up 可意為"和好"。如:I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautifulstamp.【拓展】make up 還有以下常用意思:You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (編造) Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妝)You must make up the work you missed. (補上)熱點語法聚焦(重點）

40、1. 非謂語動詞的完成式 having done 的用法非謂語動詞的完成式 having done 表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。其否定式為 not having done。如:Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing 分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing 分詞動作發(fā)生的時間,-ing 分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完

41、成被動式(having been done)。如:He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important.2. 非謂語動詞的-ing 形式和 to do 形式的區(qū)別（重點 主要是一些固定搭配，初中已經(jīng)講過，需要熟悉再次識記）有些動詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing 形式,含義有所不同。如:(1) forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作,而后接-ing 形式作賓語表示動名詞動作先

42、于謂語動作。如:Do you remember seeing me before 你記得以前見過我嗎Remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時要記得鎖門。(2) 動詞 mean, stop, try, go on 等動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語, 意思也有所不同。如:I mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。(3) 動詞 allow, advise, forbid,

43、 permit 等可直接跟-ing 形式作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補足語。如: Please permit me to say a few words.請允許我說幾句話。We dont permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。(4) 動詞 need, require, want 作"需要"解時,后面接-ing 分詞或不定式被動式。如:These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細心地照料。(

44、5) 動詞 like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性動作,多用-ing 形式； 如指特定的具體的某次動作,多用不定式。如:I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。Module 4 重點單詞【詞條 1】combine【點撥】combine vi. / vt. 聯(lián)合,結(jié)合,合并。常用作結(jié)構(gòu) combine . with ." 把與結(jié)合"。如:The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combin

45、ed his scientific knowledge with his friends business skill and started a company.His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】combination n. 聯(lián)合,合作, 結(jié)合 combined adj. 組合的,結(jié)合的【詞條 2】relax【點撥】relax vi. / vt. 放松,使輕松。如:The doctor told him to relax a week or so before

46、going back to work. This equipment will help relax your muscles.【拓展】relax 還可意為"放寬；使松弛"。如:They relaxed the regulations after the reform. relaxed adj. 放松的,鎮(zhèn)定的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very relaxed manner.Its really a relaxing walk.【詞條 3】present【點撥】present 可用作動詞,意為"贈送；頒發(fā)(獎品等)；提出"

47、;。如:When Mr. Smith leftour company; our manager presented him with a golden watch.The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1. present 作名詞,可意為"禮物,贈品；現(xiàn)在,目前"。如:I dont want all these books; Ill make you a present of them. She is busy at present, and she cant speak to you.Let

48、s leave things as they are for the present.2. present 作形容詞,意為"出席的,在場的；目前的,現(xiàn)在的"。如: Its unfair to discuss his case if he isnt present.The present situation seems to be in their favor. 經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】in addition to【點撥】in addition to意為"除之外(還有)",其中 to 為介詞,所以后面要跟名詞、代詞和動名詞等。如:In addition t

49、o giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical experience.【拓展】1. besides 作介詞時,和其意思和用法相同。如:We have lots of things in common besides dance.2. in addition 相當于副詞,可譯為"另外,加之"。如:You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.【短語 2】draw upon / on【點撥】

50、draw upon / on 意為"憑借,利用"。如:Reread your previous essays forideas and information, which you may want todrawupon.A writer hasto draw upon his imagination and experience.【拓展】drawon / upon 還可意為"臨近,(時光)漸漸過去"。如:Winter is drawing on.It grew colder as night drew on.【短語 3】be true of【點撥】be

51、 true of 意為"(某種情況)適用于,適宜于"。如: This principle is true of everybody.The food is good and the same is true of the service.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會與 true 相關(guān)短語的意義: The picture is true to life. (逼真)He is always true to his promise. (信守)My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. (實現(xiàn))熱點語法聚焦（非重點

52、）一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時由"has / have been + 動詞-ing"構(gòu)成,其主要用法有:1. 表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到說話時,并且還有可能繼續(xù)下去。這一用法常和表示一段時間的狀語,如:For three years, all this time, all ones life, all the morning, these few weeks.以及由 for 或 since 引導的時間狀語連用。如:Hes been watching television all day.I have been teaching in the middle school for te

53、n years.2. 表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到說話時刻的動作,在說話時刻這個動作剛剛結(jié)束。如:I have just been saying goodbye to my friend.3. 表示一直到說話時為止的一段時間內(nèi)反復發(fā)生的動作。如Have you been meeting him lately二、與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:1. 從定義上來看,現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動作或者狀態(tài),常常與 already"已經(jīng)"或 ever"曾經(jīng)"連用。如:We have already learnt Unit2. (我們已經(jīng)學習了第二

54、單元。)She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。)而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示的是從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能還要進行下去的動作,具有未完成的特點,一般不與 already 或 ever 等連用。如:We have been learning Unit 2. 我們一直在學習第二單元。(沒學完)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示次性,現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復,請看以下句子:I have met him at the library. (我在圖書館見過他。)I have been meeting him at

55、 the library. (我經(jīng)常在圖書館看見她。)3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可以表示剛剛結(jié)束的動作,但在含上有區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)的則是動作的過程。如:We are very tired. Weve been cleaning the house. 我們很累,我們一直在打掃房子。(強調(diào)動作)Weve cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我們打掃過房子了, 你可以進來了。(強調(diào)結(jié)果"房子干凈")4. 現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。如:I have wa

56、ited for two hours.我等了兩個小時。(陳述事實)I have been waiting for two hours.我等了兩個小時。(等得好辛苦)5. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時通常用來談論較短暫的動作或情況；若要談論時間延續(xù)較長的動作或情況或永久性情況,則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如:He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暫時性)6. 不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時,但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:Ive only known her for two days.我認識她剛剛兩

57、天。Theyve been married for twenty years.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 這場戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很長時間。7. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時不用于被動語態(tài),若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。如:The house has been painted for a month. 這房子已漆了一個月。The problem has been studied for five days.這個問題已研究了五天。Module 5 重點單詞【詞條 1】refuse【點撥】refuse 為動詞,意為"拒絕"。常用

58、于結(jié)構(gòu):refuseto do sth.refuse+ n. / pron.如:refusesb. sth.。What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter. He refused his friends invitation to go on an adventure.She is so enthusiastic that you cant refuse her anything.【拓展】1. 辨析 refuserejectdecline這幾個詞都可作"拒絕"解。其區(qū)別在于:refuse 是表

59、示"拒絕"這一概念的最普通的用詞,可接不定式,表示拒絕做某事,也可接名詞,表示不接受；reject 語氣比 refuse 強,表示斷然拒絕。如果不同意一種意見或信仰,通常用 reject； decline 比較正式,表示禮貌、客氣地"婉拒",當表示對于對方的邀請、請求、提議等表示"不接受"時,可以用 decline 來緩和語氣。如:I refused to take part in anything that is illegal. The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. I invited her to join us, but she declined.2. refusal 為 refuse 的