1、ARCHITECTURAL & STRUCTURAL EVERYDAY VOCABULARY SCHEDULE建筑及結構常用詞匯表TABLE OF CONTENTS目錄41. ARCHITECTURE建筑專業a. DESIGN BASIS 設計依據b. DESIGN STAGE 設計階段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 氣象條件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房間名稱e. ROOFING & CEILING屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墻體(外墻板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地溝h. DOORS 、GLASS、WIND

2、OWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)門、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)樓梯、休息平臺及電梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES建筑材料詞匯及短語【 Bricks and Tiles 磚和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete水泥、砂漿和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials飾面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos瀝青

3、和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金屬材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金屬】【Anti-Corrosion Materials防腐蝕材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑術語【Discipline 專業】【Conventional Terms一般通用名詞】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role職務名稱】【Drafting 制圖】2. STRUCTURE 結構專業a. LOA

4、D 荷載b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基礎c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 鋼筋混凝土結構d. STEEL STRUCTURE 鋼結構e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC抗震設計f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN設計常用詞匯g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用詞匯1. ARCHITECTURE建筑專業a.DESIGN BASIS 設計依據方案 scheme, draft草圖 sketch會談紀要summary of discussion談判 neg

5、otiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步設計 preliminary designc. CLIMATE CONDITION日照 sunshine風玫瑰 wind rose主導風向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)風速maximum (mean) wind velocity風荷載 wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷擊及閃電 thunder and lightning 颶風 hurricane臺風 typhoon旋風 cyclone降雨強度rainfall intensity年降雨量 ann

6、ual rainfall濕球溫度 wet bulb temperatured. GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房間名稱辦公室 office服務用房 service room換班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴間 shower更衣室 locker room廁所 lavatory 門廳 lobby 診室 clinic計劃建議書 planning proposals設計任務書 design order標準規范standards and codes條件圖 information drawing設

7、計基礎資料 basic data for design工藝流程圖process flowchart工程地質資料engineering geological data原始資料 original data設計進度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 設計階段基礎設計 basic design 詳細設計 detail design 詢價圖 enquiry drawing施工圖 working drawing,construction drawing竣工圖 as built drawing氣象條件干球溫度 dry bulb temperature冰凍期 frost

8、 period冰凍線 frost line冰凍區 frost zone室外計算溫度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地區region with heating provision不采暖地區region without heating provision絕對大氣壓absolute atmospheric pressure相對濕度 relative humidity工作間 workshop電氣開關室 switchroom走廊 corridor檔案室 archive電梯機房 lift motor room車庫 garage清潔間 cleaning room會議室(正式

9、) conference room會議室 meeting room衣柜間 ward robe暖風間 H.V.A.C room飯店 restaurant餐廳 canteen, dining room廚房 kitchen入口 entrance接待處 reception area 會計室 accountant room 秘書室 secretary room 電氣室 electrical room 控制室 control room工長室 foreman officee. ROOFING AND CEILING屋面及天棚女兒墻 parapet 雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope

10、坡跨比 pitch分水線 water-shed二氈三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油氈一層 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐溝 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)匯水面積 catchment areaf. WALL (CLADDING)磚墻 brick wall砌塊墻 block wall清水磚墻 brick wall without plastering抹

11、灰墻 rendered wall石膏板墻 gypsum board, plaster board空心磚墻 hollow brick wall承重墻 bearing wall非承重墻 non-bearing wall縱墻 longitudinal wall橫墻 transverse wall外墻 external (exterior) wall 內墻 internal (interior) wall 填充墻 filler wall防火墻 fire wall窗間墻 wall between window空心墻 cavity wall壓頂 copingg. FLOOR AND TRENCH開關柜室

12、switch gear 前室 antecabinet (Ante.) 生產區 production area 馬達控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room 化驗室 laboratory room 經理室 manager room 披 屋(閣樓) penthouse 警衛室 guard house泛水 flashing內排水 interior drainage 外排水 exterior drainage 滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平層 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檁條 purlin屋面板 roo

13、fing board天花板 ceiling board防水層 water-proof course檢查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊頂 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗簾盒) cornice墻體(外墻板)圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔斷 glazed wall防潮層 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮陽板 sunshade陽臺 balcony伸縮縫 expansion joint 沉降縫 settlement joint 抗震縫 seismic joint復合夾心板 sandwich board

14、壓型單板 corrugated single steel plate外墻板 cladding panel復合板 composite panel輕質隔斷 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket磚煙囪 brick chimney勒腳(基座) plinth地面及地溝地坪 grade地面和樓面 ground and floor素土夯實 rammed earth 爐渣夯實 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth回填土夯實 tamped backfill墊層 bedding course, blinding面層 covering, finish結合層 bond

15、ing (binding) course找平層 leveling course素水泥漿結合層neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor機器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring 馬賽克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷磚地面 ceramic tile flooring 油地氈地面 linoleum flooringh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 木 (

16、鋼)門 wooden (steel) door鑲板門 panelled door夾板門 plywood door鋁合金門 aluminum alloy door卷簾門 roller shutter door彈簧門 swing door推拉門 sliding door 平開門 side-hung door 折疊門 folding door 旋轉門 revolving door 玻璃門 glazed door密閉門 air-Tight door保溫門 thermal insulating door鍍鋅鐵絲網門galvanized steel wire mesh door防火門 fire door(

17、大門上的)小門 wicket門框 door frame門扇 door leaf門洞 door opening結構開洞 structural opening單扇門 single door雙扇門 double door疏散門 emergency door紗門 screen door門檻 door sill門過梁 door lintel上冒頭 top rail預制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 擱柵 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and

18、 grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor鋼筋混凝土樓板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌條 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水溝 gully集水口 gulley排水溝 drainage trench溝蓋板 trench cover活動蓋板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻邊 hole up stand電纜溝 cable trench門、玻璃、窗及五金件下冒頭

19、bottom rail門邊木 stile門樘側料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window鋼窗 steel window鋁合金窗 aluminum alloy window百葉窗 (通風為主)sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑鋼窗 plastic steel window 空腹鋼窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window平開窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window 氣窗 transom上懸窗 top-hung window中懸窗 center-pivo

20、ted window下懸窗 hopper window活動百葉窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封雙層玻璃 sealed double glazing鋼筋混凝土過梁reinforced concrete lintel鋼筋磚過梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗臺 window sill窗臺板 window board窗中梃 mullion 窗橫木 mutin 窗邊木 stile壓縫條 cover mould窗簾盒 curtain box合頁(鉸鏈) hinge (butts)轉軸 pi

21、vot長腳鉸鏈 parliament hinge閉門器 door closer 地彈簧 floor closer 插銷 bolt門鎖 door lock拉手 pull鏈條 chain門鉤 door hanger碰球 ball latchI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)樓梯 stair樓梯間 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋轉梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊車梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel ste

22、p)踏步板 tread檔步板 riser踏步寬度 tread width防滑條 non-slip insert (strips)欄桿 railing (balustrade)平臺欄桿 platform railing吊裝孔欄桿 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrailj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES建筑材料詞匯及短語紅磚 red brick粘土磚 clay brick瓷磚 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火磚 fire brick空心磚 hollow brick面磚 facing bric

23、k 地板磚 flooring tile 缸磚 clinkery brick· Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum窗鉤 window catch暗插銷 insert bolt電動開關器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass 夾絲玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)ground glass (frosted glass)防彈玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸熱玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glas

24、s 著色玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃磚 glass block有機玻璃 organic glass樓梯、休息平臺及電梯梯段高度 height of flight防護梯籠 protecting cage (safety cage)平臺 landing (platform)操作平臺 operating platform裝卸平臺platform for loading & unloading樓梯平臺 stair landing客梯 passenger lift貨梯 goods lift客/貨兩用梯 goods/passenger lift液壓電梯 h

25、ydraulic lift自動扶梯 escalator觀光電梯 observation elevator電梯機房 lift mortar room電梯坑 lift pit電梯井道 lift shaft· Bricks and Tiles 磚和瓦馬賽克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet大理石 marble9漢白玉 white marble花崗巖 granite碎石 crus

26、hed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠巖 pearlite· Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥)Portland cement硅酸鹽水泥 silicate cement 火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement 白水泥 white cement水泥砂漿 cement mortar石灰砂漿 lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿)cement-lime mortar保溫砂漿 thermal mortar防水砂漿 water-proof mortar耐酸砂漿 acid-resistant mortar

27、耐堿砂漿 alkaline-resistant mortar· Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石 granitic plaster 斬假石 artificial stone 刷漿 lime wash可賽銀 casein大白漿 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base· Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos瀝青卷材 asphalt felt 瀝青填料 asphalt filler 瀝青膠泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer&#

28、183; Timber 木材裂縫 crack 透裂 split 環裂 shake干縮 shrinkage 翹曲 warping 原木 log圓木 round timber 方木 square timber 板材 plank木條 batten 板條 lath 木板 board紅松 red pine水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble礫石 gravel粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 細砂 fine sand水泥、砂漿和混凝土瀝青砂漿 bituminous mortar紙筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lim

29、e mortar灰縫 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete輕質混凝土 lightweight concrete 細石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 瀝青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete爐渣混凝土 cinder concrete飾面及粉刷材料噴大白漿兩道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂漿cement mortar plaster sectioned板條抹灰 lath and plaster瀝青和石棉瀝青瑪啼脂

30、asphaltic mastic 瀝青麻絲 bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纖維 asbestos fiber白松 white pine落葉松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白楊 white poplar樺木 birch 冷 杉 fir 櫟木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm 杉木 cedar 柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐處理的木材preservative-treated lumber膠合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved b

31、oard層夾板 laminated plank膠合層夾木材 glue-laminated lumber黑色金屬 ferrous metal圓鋼 steelbBar 方鋼 square steel 扁鋼 steel atrap型鋼 steel section (shape)槽鋼 channel角鋼 angle steel等邊角鋼 equal-leg angle不等邊角鋼 unequal-leg angle工字鋼 I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字鋼 T-bar (Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼light gauge cold-formed steel shape

32、熱軋 hot-rolled 冷軋 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷壓 cold-pressed 合金鋼 alloy steel鈦合金 titanium alloy不銹鋼 stainless steel竹節鋼筋 corrugated steel bar· Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金屬金 gold白金 platinum銅 copper 黃銅 brass 青銅 bronze· Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蝕材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龍 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl

33、 chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸樹酯 acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡膠內襯 rubber lining氯丁橡膠 neoprene· Building Hardware 建筑五金釘子 nails纖維板 fiber-board竹子 bamboo· Metallic Materials 金屬材料變形鋼筋 deformed bar 光圓鋼筋 plain round bar 鋼板 steel plate薄鋼板 thin steel plate 低碳鋼 low carbon steel 冷

34、彎 cold bending鋼管 steel pipe (tube)無縫鋼管 seamless steel pipe 焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe 黑鐵管 iron pipe鍍鋅鋼管 galvanized steel pipe鑄鐵 cast iron生鐵 pig iron熟鐵 wrought iron鍍鋅鐵皮 galvanized steel sheet 鍍鋅鐵絲 galvanized steel wire 鋼絲網 steel wire mesh多孔金屬網 expanded metal錳鋼 managanese steel高強度合金鋼 high strength alloy s

35、teel銀 silver鋁 aluminum鉛 lead瀝青漆 bitumen paint環氧樹脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化鋅底漆 zinc oxide primer 防銹漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint 耐堿漆 alkali-resistant paint 水玻璃 sodium silicate樹脂砂漿 resin-bonded mortar環氧樹脂 epoxy resin螺紋屋面釘spiral-threaded roofing nail環紋石膏板釘annular-ring gypsum board nail螺絲 screw

36、s平頭螺絲 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt· Paint 油漆底漆 primer防銹底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint調和漆 mixed paint 無光漆 flat paint 透明漆 varnish銀粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paintk.OTHER ARCHITECTURALTERMS 其它建筑術語建筑 architecture土木 civil給排水 water supply and drainage總圖 plot plan采暖通風

37、H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)電力供應 electric power supply電氣照明 electric lighting· Conventional Terms 一般通用名詞建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style 民用建筑 civil architecture 城市建筑 urban architecture 農村建筑 rural architecture 農業建筑 farm building工業建筑 industrial building 重工業的 heavy

38、industrial 輕工業的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture現代建筑 modern architecture標準化建筑 standardized buildings附屬建筑 auxiliary buildings城市規劃 city planning廠區內 within site廠區外 offsite封閉式 closed type開敞式 open type半開敞式 semi-open type模數制 modular system· Architectural Physics 建筑物理高強螺栓 high strength bolt預埋

39、螺栓 insert bolt 脹錨螺栓 cinch bolt 墊片 washer干性油 drying oil 稀釋劑 thinner 焦油 tar瀝青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil紅丹 red lead 鉛油 lead oil 膩子 putty· Discipline 專業電訊 telecommunication儀表 instrument熱力供應 heat power supply動力 mechanical power 工藝 process technology 管道 piping單位造價 unit cost概算 prelim

40、inary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor現場 site擴建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion 防潮 dump-proof 防水 water-proof 防塵 dust-proof防銹 rust-proof車流量 traffic volume貨流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume 透視圖 perspective drawing 建筑模型 building m

41、odel照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光強 light intensity側光 side light 頂光 top light 眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth輻射 radiation· Name Of Professional role 項目經理 project manager (PM) 設計經理 design manager首席建筑師 principal architect總工程師 chief engineer土木工程師 civil e

42、ngineer工藝工程師 process engineer電氣工程師 electrical engineer· Drafting 制圖總說明 general specification工程說明 project specification采用標準規范目錄 list of standards and specification adopted圖紙目錄 list of drawings平面圖 plan局部放大圖 detail with enlarged scale平面示意圖 schematic plan of.平剖面圖 sectional plan of. 留孔平面圖 plan of pr

43、ovision of holes 剖面 section縱剖面 longitudinal section橫剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透視圖 perspective drawing側立面 side elevation 背立面 back elevation 詳圖 detail drawings 典型節點 typical detail 節點號 detail No.首頁 front page圖紙目錄及說明list of contents and description圖例 legend示意圖 diagram草圖

44、 sketch荷載簡圖 load diagram流程示意圖 flow diagram對流 convection 傳導 conduction 遮陽 sun-shade保溫 thermal insulation 恒溫 constant temperature 恒濕 constant humidity 噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露點 dew point隔汽 vapor-proof職務名稱機械工程師 mechanical engineer 計劃工程師 planning engineer 助理工程師 assistant engineer 實習生 p

45、robationer專家 specialist, expert制圖員 draftsman技術員 technician標準圖 standard drawing布置圖 layout of .地形圖 topographical map土方工程圖 earth-work drawing展開圖 developed drawing模板圖 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程進度表 working schedule技術經濟指標technical and economical index建、構筑物一覽表list of buildin

46、gs and structures編號 coding序列號 serial No.行和欄 rows and columns備注 remarks等級 grade直線 straight Line曲線 curves曲折線 zigzag line 虛線 dotted line 實線 solid line影線 hatching line點劃線 dot and dash line軸線 axis等高線 contour Line 中心線 center Line 雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola切線 tangent Line尺寸線 dimension Line園形 round 環形 annula

47、r 方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四邊形 parallelogram三角形 triangle 五角形 pentagon 六角形 hexagon 八角形 octagon 梯形 trapezoid 圓圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical 拋物面 paraboloid 圓錐形 cone橢圓形 ellipse, oblong面積 area體積 volume 容量 capacity 重量 weight 質量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter 毫米 millimeter 公頃 hectate牛頓/平方米 Newton

48、/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch 磅 pound 噸 ton加侖 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension 變尺寸 variable dimension 外形尺寸 overall dimension展開尺寸 developed dimension內徑 inside diameter 外徑 outside diameter 凈重 net weight毛重 gross weight數量 quantity百分比 percentage凈空 clearance凈高 headroom凈距 clear

49、 distance凈跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension開間 bay進深 depth單跨 single span 雙跨 double span 多跨 multi-span標高 elevation, level絕對標高 absolute elevation設計標高 designed elevation室外地面標高 ground elevation 室內地面標高 floor elevation 柱網 column grid坐標 coordinate廠區占地 site area使用面積 usable area 輔助面積 service area 通道面積 pass

50、age area 管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管線 overhead pipeline排水溝 drain ditch 集水坑 sump pit 噴泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant滅火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳滅火器carbon dioxide extinguisher鹵代烷滅火器 halon extinguisher172. STRUCTURE 結構專業拔力 pulling force標準值 standard value殘余應力 residual stress沖擊荷載 impact loa

51、d, punch load殘余變形 residual deflection承壓 bearing承載能力 bearing capacity 承重 bearing, load bearing 承重結構 bearing structure 脆性材料 brittle material 脆性破壞 brittle failure抵抗力 resisting power, resistance吊車荷載 crane load分布荷載 distributed load風荷載 wind load風速 wind velocity, wind speed風壓 wind pressure風振 wind vibration

52、浮力 buoyance, floatage符號 symbol, mark負彎矩 negative moment, hogging moment附加荷載 additional load附加應力 additional stress 副作用 side effect, by-effect 剛度 rigidity剛度比 ratio of rigidity 剛度系數 rigidity factor 剛接 rigid connection 剛性節點 rigid joint恒載 dead load荷載傳遞 transmission of load 固端彎矩 fixed-end moment 活荷載 live

53、load積灰荷載 dust load集中荷載 concentrated load加載, 加荷 loading剪力 shear, shearing force剪切破壞 shear failure剪應變 shear strain 剪應力 shear stress 簡支 simple support靜定結構 statically determinate structure截面模量 modulus of section,section modulus靜力 static force靜力分析 static analysis局部壓力 local pressure, partial pressure局部壓屈

54、local bulklinga. Load荷載絕對值 absolute value均布荷載 uniformly distributed load抗拔力 pulling resistance抗剪剛度 shear rigidity抗剪強度 shear strength, shearing strength抗拉強度 tensile strength抗扭 torsion resistance抗扭剛度 torsional rigidity抗彎 bending resistance抗彎剛度 bending rigidity抗壓強度 compressive strength,compression strength可靠性 reliability可靠性設計 reliability design拉力 tensile force拉應力 tensile stress, tension stress 拉應變 tensile strain, tension strain 臨界點 critical point臨界荷載 critical load 臨界應力 critical stress 密度 density離心力 centrifugal force摩擦力 friction force摩擦系數 fr