1、精品文檔標題名稱按題庫管理系統中考綱知識點設定適用學科高中英語適用年級高中三年級適用區域全國使用人教版教材地區課時時長（分鐘）240分鐘知識點1、關系代詞、關系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別；5、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學目標1、掌握定語從句中關系代詞及關系副詞的用法；2、能區分關系代詞 that與which的用法；3、掌握as引導的定語從句的用法；4、能區分as與which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別；5、能區分定語從句與名詞性從句的區別。教學重點1

2、、關系代詞、關系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別；5、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學難點1、關系代詞、關系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別；5、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學過程一、復習預習1、對上節課課后作業中的問題進行查漏補缺；2、導入：e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is a bea

3、utiful girl who drives me crazy.二、知識講解（一）定語從句定義1、定語從句：在復合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的 定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面。2、先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。3、關系詞：用來引導定語從句的詞叫做關系詞。關系代詞的種類：關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as關系副詞：when, where, why4、定語從句結構：先行詞+關系詞 +定語從句。a、 There she saw a wall of waterthat was quickly a

4、dvancing towards her.b、 In Japan, someonewho sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.c、 Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.d、 Oprah Winfrey is a black womanwhose rise to fame is a

5、n inspiring story.（二）定語從句分類限定性定語從句： 從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，對先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連，缺少它則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞關系松散，用逗號隔開。1、 The man who gave me this book is Tom .限定性 （）2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate非限定性）（三）關系代詞1、 who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。e.g. The man who is sitting under the tre

6、e is a German .2、Whom指人，在句中做賓語，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語是只能用whom,不能用who。關系代詞前有介詞時不能省略。e.g. I know the girl （whom） the teacher is speaking to .I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .3、 whose, 作定語，可指人或物e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.They are the lazy students whose homework wasn t

7、handed in .4、 that 指人或物，多指物，作主語（不能省略）或賓語（可省略）e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .This is a plant that grows in the north .5、 which ,指物，在句中做主語（不能省略），或賓語（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .常用that不用which的情況1、當先行詞是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, on

8、e等不定代詞時，只用that。歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that 準沒錯。Pay attention to everything that I do.2、當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬不要用which。This is the best novel （that）I have read.3、 如果出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，并同時兼指人和物時，關系代詞用that。歌訣助記：兩項并列人與物，引導定從用that。They were talking about the person and things that they remembered i

9、n school.4、當先行詞被 the only, the last, the way, the sam等修飾時。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5、在疑問詞which 開頭的特殊疑問句中，為了避免重復只用that。Which of the students that knows something about history.6、 當被修飾的成分是數詞時，（被修飾成分是代名詞one， 指人時除外）只用 that.I ve got one that you might be interested in.常用which,

10、不用that的情況1、引導非限制性定語從句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。2、直接放在介詞后作賓語時（介詞+關系代詞結構中）。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。（四）關系副詞1、 when 指時間（ 1）在定語從句中作狀語，先行詞主要為一些時間名詞（year ,day

11、,time,week等），但時間名詞在從句中作主語，賓語時，應用that, which,不能用whene.g. I ll never forget the time when （during which ） we worked on tharm.作狀語I still remember the day that/which is his birthay 做主語He regretted the days that /which he spent on play 做賓語.（2） It is the first time that 句型中，that是習慣用法，不用 when。e.g. It is th

12、e first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2、 where 指地點（ 1）指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .（2）指地點，在句中作主語，賓語時不能用where,須用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作狀語）This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作賓語）e.g.

13、This is the shool in which /where we study every year.（作狀語）This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday.（作賓語）（ 3）當先行詞為某個方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時使用關系副詞3、 why 表示原因“ the reason why.tha中，不能用 because 代替 that .e.g. That s the reason why （for which ） he didn t come to school .The reason why he didn t attend t

14、he meeting is that he was ill .但 reason 在從句中做賓語時，關系代詞用that/which ,可省略e.g. I don t believe the reason （which/that） he gave me .（五） “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關系代詞之前，構成“介詞+關系代詞（whom/which） ”結構。但一些短語如 look after 等中的介詞不能與動詞分開，故不能放在關心代詞之前。確定介詞時：一是，依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配；二是，依據先行詞的某種習慣搭配；三是，根據

15、所要表達的意思來確定。e.g. That s the reason why （for which ） he didn t come to school .（六）非限定性定語從句關系代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom，指地點用where,指時間when,指物只用 which,不能用that,作定語用 whosee.g. He didn t see the film, which was very interesflng.（that）（7） as 引導的限制性定語從句A . such .asffi the same as勺用法such .as 像.一樣的，像.之類

16、；the same as 和.同樣的在這兩個句型中，as是關系代詞，such和same作定語，修飾主語里的某個 名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從何的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任 主語、賓語或表語。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory在從句中作主語）I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work ou（ t. 在從句中作賓語）The result is not the same as they had exp

17、ected的從句中作賓語）重點比較:the same a麗 the same that the same as和.相同（代指同類事物）；the same that： 和二相同（代指同一事物）兩者都引導定語從句。as 從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個。Eg： He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the same

18、pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.&同一支筆）This is the same （kind/type/sort） of pen as 110st.（指同類型的筆，但并不是我丟失的那一支）8. .such as 的用法 .such as中白s such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物” ，as在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.相關鏈接：such a

19、s還有“諸如，例如，像那樣的”的意思，此時后面跟名詞或名詞短語Eg： They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.（8） as 引導的非限制性定語從句as 可以像 which 一樣引導非限制性定語從句，用來代表整個句子的內容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語或整個句子。as 在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。此外，有些as 引導的定語從句已成為固定用法，如：As we knowAs has been said before 如上所述As is known to allAs is often the case 像通常那樣As i

20、s reportedAs was expected 正如預料的那樣Eg：She is very careful, as her work shows.As we know, smoking is harmful to one s health.As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.重點比較：as 和 which 引導的非限制性定語從句的聯系和區別1、as和which都可以代替整個句子，當定語從何置于主句之后時，as和which可以和互換。Eg： He didn t tell me any news, as/wh

21、ich upset me.2、 Which 引導的從句，代表的前面的整個主句時，不能放在主句之前。而as 引導的定語從句，代表整個主句時，可以放在主句之前或之后，有時也可以放在主語和謂語之間。Eg： As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.As與that的區別As 引導的定語從句表示它的內容

22、與主句所講的內容相似，即指同類事物；that 引導定語從句表示的內容與主句相同，即為同一事物。e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterda泅正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。This is the same pen as I lost yesterday正像我昨天丟的鋼筆。（九）同位語從句與定語從句區別1、同位語從句和定語從句結構相似，通常位于某一名詞或代詞之后，但兩者存在明顯區別：同為語從句對名詞性成分加以補充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內容的體現 （相當于名詞的作用）。 That 引導的同位語從句中引導詞that 不在該同位語從句中充當成分，但不能被省略，同位

23、語從句還可以用whether,how 等連詞引導（定語從句則不能）。定語從句對先行詞加以限制或修飾，說明先行詞的性質或特征（相當于一個形容詞的作用），定語從句的引導詞均在該定語從句中充當成分（ that 在其引導的限定性定語從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，充當定語從句的賓語， that 可以省略）注意體會一下三組例句。（ 1） 第一組 We can t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light們解決不 了如何才能超過光的速度這個問題。 I can t remember the problemat they have.我記不得他們的問

24、題了。（ 2） 第二組 I won t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.不愿相信他對他母親撒 謊的事實I won t believe the fact （that） he told me不愿相信他告訴我的事實。（ 3） 第三組 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year 他告訴我的 消息是湯姆來年將出國。三、例題精析例題1.【 201

25、1 全國卷 I 】 The prize will go to the writer story shows the mostimagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what【解析】Co句意為“獎項將會頒發給故事展示了豐富想象力的作者。”根據從旬不缺成分和它與先行詞的關系可判斷前后為所屬關系，選whose作定語。例題 2. R10全國 UR I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else sfault.A. who B. that C. as D. what【解析】Bo從句缺主語，先行詞為

26、物。例題3.【 2011 江蘇卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, theaudience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【解析】A。從何不缺任何成分，且先行詞為時間。例題4. 08 浙江 Yesterday she sold her car, she bought a month ago.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which【解析】Do從句缺賓語，且為非限制性定語從句。例題 5. （2013陜西 ）is often the c

27、ase with children, Amy was better by thetime the doctor arrived.A. It B. That C. What D. As【解析】Do固定搭配 as is often the case,像通常一樣。例題 6. （2012 浙江卷 ）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for somereason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】Bo從何缺主語且先行詞為人。四、課堂運

28、用【基礎】1 .The place interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2 .Do you know the man ?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3 .This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they sta

29、yed【鞏固】4 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5 .That is the day Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6 .The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which【拔高】7 .Great change

30、s have taken place in the factory we are working since then.A. where B. that C. which D. there8 .This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9 .Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talked B

31、. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10 .The pen he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which課程小結本節課的知識點相對比較多但難度系數不大，主要是講定語從句的各個關系詞具體用法。主要從九個方面進行講解，詳細講解了定語從句中各個關系代詞、關系副詞的用法和區別。本部分的學習還是要求學生掌握關鍵詞，具體什么時候需要使用關系代詞或者關系副詞，什么叫做定語從句，希望學生能夠保持思路清晰，做題的時候十拿九穩。課后作業【基

32、礎】1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, from east to west.Those run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case he s had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, we will enjoy theOlympic Games in 2008.A. where B. when C. which D. how【鞏固】4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything