1、上海高考英語備考訓練上海高考英語題型訓練：閱讀理解A 2019年高三英語第一學期期末質量抽查Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given

2、 in the passage you have just read.Unit 1,崇明區Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine （S

3、 苗），and everyone qualified should get it without question. The reality, however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine.In th

4、e U.S. alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities.Why not? We haven' t been hit by a truly destructive widespread dis

5、ease in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us.The risk of continued foot dragging is huge. In a severe widespread disease, the U.S. health care system could be defeated in just weeks. Millions of people woul

6、d be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak.The cost of preventing epidemics 啦行病）is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with them when they hit. In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a u

7、niversal flu vaccine. Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded.The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction. As soon as headlines about the flu are gone, hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates decline, we go bac

8、k to business as usual.Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu. They need your quick and decisive support to succeed. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones.56. The problem of the current flu vaccines

9、is that.A. they are not available every year.B. most Americans are not allowed to get them.C. not everyone is qualified for them.D. many people still catch flu after getting them.57. What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4? A. Hospitals cannot meet the needs o

10、f patients during flu outbreaks.B. The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu.C. Individuals areH t alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention.D. Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future. 58. What can be inferred from the passag

11、e?1 / 18上海高考英語備考訓練A. Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu.B. The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases.C. The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention.D. Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than deal

12、ing with flu.59. The author wrote the passage mainly to.A. teach people more effective ways to fight against flu.B. call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriously.C. encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccines.D. urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu. 56

13、-59. DCCBUnit 2,松江區Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. That' s because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short

14、distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. You might not think that such large, fast, and fierce creatures need help to survive, but they do.It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tig

15、ers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting a

16、nd destroying habitat.Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now 川egal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other

17、parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, among other parts, in some prescriptions.Tigers have also been hunted as game. In o

18、ther words, people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them. Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career. Though this practice is much less popula

19、r today than it was in the past, it has not ceased entirely.Humans have done considerable damage to the world s tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern

20、coast of Russia. But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. Instead of spanning all the way across Asia, the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have drastically changed the environments. Humans h

21、ave built towns and cities. Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people living in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland.A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. E

22、ach wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles.Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals. This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult for conserv

23、ationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers.56. Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted?A. Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money.B. Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures.C. Because some tigers att

24、ack local villages.D. Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people.57. The underlined word “incentive" in the third paragraph probably means.A. attractive B. innovative C. alternative D. respective58. Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the t

25、ext?A. Because tigers are under threat from other animals.B. Because tiger skins are extremely valuable.C. Because the environment has been changed.D. Because tigers need so much space to survive.59. Which of the following best describes the author' s main purpose in writing this article?A. To p

26、rovide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers.B. To persuade readers to help the world s tiger population and to offer ways to help.C. To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted.D. To explain to readers why the world s tiger population is enda

27、ngered. 56-59. CACDUnit 3,寶山區Many people experience problems with their spine（W 椎）as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms the tissue as well as the bones. The res

28、ult is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine.This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this d

29、isease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise .Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into

30、 better alignment（#F 歹!J）. Strength exercises with light weights or body weight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy wei

31、ghts with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of the spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which help keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamins and

32、 omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from foods. Thus, people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets.56. What does this article mainly

33、 explain?A. Various aspects of a medical conditionB. The actions of viruses that cause illnessesC Drugs often used to solve physical issuesThe location of organs in the human body57. How does the writer begin this article?A. By predicting improvementB. By analyzing a series of dataC. By introducing

34、minor injuriesD. By describing a gradual process58. What can readers find in this article?A.A warning about working out too hardB.A method for improving sleep qualityC.A slogan used to promote health classesD.A big criticism often aimed at doctors59. What does the article imply about supplement?A. T

35、hey are mainly for youngsters.B. They are commercial products.C., They are now being researched.D. They are seldom truly effective. 56-59 ADABUnit 4.黃浦區Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “ Bridge of Terabithia' is grounded in reality far more than in fanta

36、sy. Adapting Katherine Paterson's award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more

37、to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(內向的)kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free

38、 spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully cap

39、turing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone cl

40、ose to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia“ is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven't read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the film

41、makers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won' t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithiais thekind of children' s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schoo

42、ls are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story' s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their ind

43、ividual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticized B. ignored C. delighted D. shocked 58. The two children most likely.A

44、. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most pro

45、bably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “ Bridge to Terabithia has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldn t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.56-59. CDDBUnit

46、 5,靜安區I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many inj

47、ured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our food couldn t last us long, sticking to the

48、hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the resc

49、ue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine(尿) everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were

50、 not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mo

51、untain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when

52、I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endu

53、red nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didri t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be see

54、n by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside. 57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was to

55、o terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes. 58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from t

56、he radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite

57、of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectation 56-59. CBABUnit 6,虹口區There aren' t many actors around the world who have enough self-confidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe that was why Juliette Binoche gave

58、him a choice. She said shed be happy to be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of course he turned her down and it was probably a good thing. It s difficult to imagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, her decision doesn t seem to have done her career any harm

59、. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for other foreign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his first film in 1967, his filmography片集錦） lists 172 acting credits. But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some of his films ha