1、長難句之狀語從句地點狀語從句1. This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop where molten metal was scoopedup from the channel and poured into molds in the holes. (TPO27-1) 分析：這句話的主干是 This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop ，后面是由 where 引導的狀語從句，修飾 workshop 。譯文：這被認定是工廠的遺址。 在這里熔化的金屬從水渠中要出來， 然

2、后倒入洞中的模具中。 interpret 解釋；說明 v. remain 遺跡；殘骸 n. scoop 舀取 v. channel 水渠 n.時間狀語從句2. . The high quality of Roman pottery is very easy to appreciate when handling actual pieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware and amphorae (the large jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage o

3、f liquids, such as wine and oil). (TPO29-1)分析 :這句話是由 when 引導的時間狀語從句，主句是 the high quality of Roman pottery is.， when 從句省略了主語，括號的內容是對 amphorae 的解釋說明。譯文 :當把玩古羅馬陶制餐具或廚房用具和雙耳陶罐(一種大型陶罐，遍及整個地中海地區，用來運輸或儲存酒或油之類的液體)時，人們對其良好的質量贊不絕口。handle 觸摸 v. amphorae 雙耳陶罐 n. jar 陶罐 n. Mediterranean 地中海 n. 原因狀語從句 + 讓步狀語從句3.

4、As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. (TPO1-3) 由于山谷中積雪覆蓋較厚且持續時間很長， 樹木即便是生長在大風和貧瘠的土地里， 也往往 會在山脊上長得更高。valley 山谷 n. ridge 貧瘠 velocity 速率 n.讓步狀語從句 + 插

5、入語 + 條件狀語從句4. Most Roman pottery is light and smooth to touch and very tough, although, like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. (TPO 29-1)分析： 這句話是由 although 引導的條件狀語從句， 主句是 it shatters if dropped on a hard surface; 從句中又包含了個 if 引導的條件狀語從句， if 從句中省略了主語 Roman pottery ， 把這句話補充完整的話是 if

6、Roman pottery is dropped on a hard surface; like 是表舉例， like all pottery 作插入語。譯文： 盡管絕大部分的羅馬陶器很輕很滑也很堅韌， 但是它像所有的陶器一樣， 如果碰 到堅硬地面時也很容易破碎。Pottery 瓷器 n. smooth 光滑 adj. tough 堅硬的 adj. shatter 打碎 v.時間(條件)狀語從句 + 插入語 + 定語從句5. When such statues are viewed in isolation ， out of their original context and without

7、 knowledge of their function ， it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years.解析：when在這里做條件狀語，其中are viewed是被動形式，in isolation是常用形式，意為用獨立的方式；兩個逗號之間的介詞短語可以理解為插入成分，做解釋說明之用， 不影響主句信息； 逗號后面 it 作形式主語， 真正的主語是 criticize them for their rigid attitudes ，

8、句中 that 引導定語從句修飾 attitudes 。翻譯： 當這些雕像被單獨看待， 脫離對其原始情境的了解和功能作用的認識， 很容易會 去對它們三千年不變的僵硬姿態發出責難。in isolation 用獨立的方式 rigid 僵硬的 adj.時間狀語從句 + 定語從句 +同位語6. According to conventional theory ， yawning takes place /when people are bored or sleepy / and serves the function of/ increasing alertness by reversing, thr

9、ough deeper breathing ， the drop in blood oxygen levels/ that are caused by the shallow breathing /that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. (TPO 18-2)解析： take place 發生， when 引導狀語從句， through deeper breathing 是對前面的 reversing 進行說明，是同位語成分， oxygen levels 后面的 that 引導定語從句，修飾 oxygen levels。翻譯： 根據傳統理論， 當人們

10、無聊或者困倦時才會打哈欠。 伴隨人們缺乏睡眠或者感到 乏味的是淺呼吸，而淺呼吸會降低血液中氧的含量。打哈欠可以通過深呼吸顛倒這一過程， 增加血液中氧的含量以提高警覺性。conventional 傳統的 adj. yawning 打哈欠 n.serve the function of. 擔任 .的功能alertness 警戒 n, accompany 伴隨，陪伴 v. boredom 乏味 n.條件狀語從句 + 虛擬語氣7. If the theory was correct ， breathing air with extra carbon dioxide should have trigge

11、red yawning ， while breathing pure oxygen should have suppressed yawning. (TPO 18-2)解析： if 引導條件狀語， breathing air with extra carbon dioxide 為主語 should have triggered 為謂語，后面的 while 句 should have done 的結構代表虛擬語氣，翻譯： 如果這種說法是正確的， 那么吸入含有額外二氧化碳量的空氣就應該能觸發打哈 欠，然而吸入純氧氣就會抑制打哈欠。trigger 引發 v.yawning 打哈欠suppress 壓

12、制，壓抑原因狀語從句 + 讓步狀語8. The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, although breathing is more rapid in REM, it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing.(Tpo24-2)解析：because引導原因，although讓步狀語從句翻譯： REM 的空氣交換量要比 NREM 低，因為盡管 REM 中呼吸更加急促，

13、但也更加 沒有規律，包括一些簡短的淺呼吸或呼吸暫停。4. The beasts were more disciplined,so that it was easier for hunters to predicttheir habits, and capture animals at will. (TPO28-2)分析：so that連接著句中的兩個部分，意為“以便、所以”，表結果，it是形式主語，真正的主語是 for hunters to predict their and capture ani mals at will。譯文：獸群變得更加自律了，所以獵人在預測它們的習性和隨意捕捉動物方面變得更容易了。9. The experiments with domestication probably occurred in many places, as people livi ng in ever-drier environments cast aroun