1、精選文檔All the employees except the youngest one (work) very hard II .主語的“數”打算謂語動詞的形式。 1.“不行數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）”或“從句”等作主語，用單數謂語形式。e.g. The work is important . 這項工作重要。 To serve the country is our duty . 為祖國服務是我們的義務。 How and why he left was a sad story . 他離開的經過和緣由是一段難過的經受。 2. 復數的名詞、代詞一般接復數謂語形

2、式。e.g. The children are taken good care of . 孩子們得到很好的照料。 They have gone to Chengdu . 他們去成都了。 II. 以“and ”或“both and”連接的并列主語： 1.通常作復數用 。e.g. Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。 What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不全都。 Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和湯姆都寵愛醫學。 2. 假如并列主語指的是“同一個”

3、人（事、物、抽象概念），作單數用。e.g. The worker and writer has come . 這位工人作家來了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 遠處能觀察有一套馬車。 Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真誠是最好的策略。 3. “and”前、后的單數詞語都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修飾時，仍作單數用。e.g. Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有公平權益。 N

4、o teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .沒有哪個老師或同學可以免于參與這項活動。 . 主語前、后加表“數、量”等的修飾語時： 1. a）“many a + 單名 ”接單數謂語：“a good (great ) many + 復名”接復數謂語。e.g. Many a fine man has died for it . 很多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。 A great many parents were present at the meeting . 很多家長出席了會議。 b）a / an + 單名

5、+ or two 大多接單數謂語： one or two + 復名接復數謂語。e.g. Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需說一兩句。 One or two reasons were suggested . 提出一兩條理由。 c）a / an + 單名+ and a half常接單數謂語；“one and a half +復名”多接復數謂語。e.g. A year and a half has passed . 一年半已過去了。 One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已賣了一噸半大米。 d） more than o

6、ne + 單名大多接單數謂語。e.g. More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一個人缺席。 more + 復名+ than one 接復數謂語。e.g. More students than one have been there . 不止一個同學去過那兒。 more than two (three,)+復名 接復數謂語。e.g. More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名同學聽了這場音樂會。 2 ，主語前加表示“單位、度量”的短語如“a kind (sort

7、/ type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / )of”等時，表示“單位、度量”的這個名詞的單復數打算謂語形式。e.g. a）There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的紙（書）了。 Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。 b）This kind of apple is sweet . 這種蘋果甜。 This kind

8、 of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ，作單數用 ） These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . （總作復數用） 但:Apples of this kind are sweet . （總作復數用） 3. 主語后接“with”等構成的短語修飾成分時：謂語仍須與這類短語前的“主語”全都。可構成這類短語的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than

9、, rather than , more than ”等。e.g. A woman with two children has come . 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。 I as well as they am ready to help you . 不僅他們，我也愿掛念你。 4. one of + 復數名詞+ 定語從句： 1）定語從句的先行詞通常是這個“復數名詞”，因此從句的謂語用復數形式。e.g. This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。（關系詞“that”代“novels”）

10、He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表揚的男孩之一。 2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等時，定語從句的關系詞指代one，作從句主語時，接單數謂語。e.g. He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表揚的。(關系詞who 代 the only one ) 【意義全都原則】 I. 集合名詞作主語時：（參見“名詞”部分） 1. 有些通常作復數用（不變詞形）。如：“people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)，folk ,

11、youth , militia (民兵)”，等。e.g. The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕獲兇手。 2. 有些指“整體”時作單數，指其中的“成員”時作復數（不變詞形）。如 army , audience(聽眾),class ,club （俱樂部) ,company(公司), committee(委員會) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(員工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team .等。e.g. Our family is a

12、 happy one . 我們有個幸福的家庭。 The family are early risers . 這家人都起得早。 The public are (is )requested not to litter . 請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。 但上述集合名詞也可有復數形式。如：families , two classes .等。有些變復數形式后意義不同。如：peoples多個民族。 youths男青年。 folks親友。 II. 代詞作主語時：（參見“代詞”部分） 1. 不定代詞each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the

13、other(+單名)等常作單數用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數。e.g. Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每個女孩都有頂新帽子。 Neither plan suits me .Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 兩個方案都不適合我。 2. 下列復合不定代詞一般作單數用：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。

14、e.g. Is everybody here ? 都到齊了嗎？ There was nothing special then. 那時沒什么特殊狀況。 3. 下列不定代詞作復數用：“（a）few ,many ,several， both”等。e.g. Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 沒幾個（客人）是我們生疏的。 Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 兩部影片都好玩。 4下列代詞須視其“具體所指”來打算單、復數： 1）“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g. Who is y

15、our brother ?你兄弟是誰？ Who are League Members .哪些是團員？ 2）all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),等。e.g. All (of the students ) are working hard .（全部的同學）都在用功。 All (of the paint ) is fine .（這些油漆）都很好。 3）half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的），等。e.g. Half o

16、f the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。 Half of the apple is bad .這只蘋果壞了一半。 .“數詞”、“數量、單位”等詞語作主語時： 1. 表示“運算”的數詞通常作單數 。e.g. Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。 2.表“時間、距離、金額、度量衡”等的詞語，作“整體”看時作單數用，側重指“若干單位”時作復數用。e.g. Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光陰，彈指一揮間。 Twenty years have passed since he left .

17、 他離開已二十個年頭了。 3.“分數、百分數”通常依其“具體所指”來打算單、復數。e.g. About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。 Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。 4. a number of (很多)/ a varlety of (各式各樣) +復數名詞，常作復數用。e.g. A number of stude

18、nts in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 這個班有不少同學來自四川。 There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。 但是，“the number(數目)/ the variety(種類)”+ of + 復數名詞，作單數。e.g. The number of students in this college has doubled . 這所高校的同學人數翻了一番。 The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 這家商店貨物品種豐富。 .單、復數同形或

19、易混的詞作主語時：（參見“名詞”部分） 1.以“-ics”結尾的學科名詞：指教育、科研的某一學科，作單數。e.g. Mathematics seems easy to me .我好像覺得數學不難。 但是，表“具體的學業、活動”等時，多用作復數。e.g. Her mathematics are weak . 她數學差。（指“學業成果、力量”） What are your politiscs? 你的政治觀點如何？ 2. “works工廠，means方法，series系列，species物種，aircraft飛機”等名詞單、復數同形，要從上下文推斷其具體意義來打算單、復數。e.g. This wor

20、ks was(These works were)built two years ago . 這（幾）家工廠是兩年前修建的。 Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各種方法都試過了。 這類名詞通常還有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), manners(禮貌) ,whereabouts (行蹤), ”等。（但news（消息）是不行數名詞，通常只作單數用。） . the + 形容詞/分詞作主語時： 1. 指“一類”人或事物時，常用

21、作復數用。e.g. The English speak English. 英國人講英語。 The rejected were heaped in the corner . 廢品堆在角落里。 2.指“某一個”人，或“抽象的”事物時，作單數用。e.g. The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父親。 The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不肯定中用。 The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、進步的事物總是要戰勝舊的東西。 .專用名詞作主語時： 1.“書

22、名、劇名、報刊名、國家名”等通常作單數用。e.g. The United States was founded in 1776. 美國成立于1776年。 The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 天方夜譚很好玩。 2.“書刊名”有時作單數或復數兩可，尤其是編成集子的書。e.g. Dickens Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 . 狄更斯所著的美國筆記出版于1842年。 “what等引導的從句”作主語時： 1. 大多作單數用。e.g. What we need is more practice . 我

23、們需要的是更多的實踐。 What he says doesnt agree with what he does . 他言行不全都。 2.若從句是含復數意義的并列結構、或“表語”是復數時，謂語動詞用單數或復數兩可。e.g. What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么說以及怎么想，不關我的事。 What he bought was /were some books . 他所買的是幾本書。 【就近全都原則（Proximity）】 也稱“鄰近原則”，即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不肯定是主語）在“人稱、數”上全都。 I.在正式文體中： 1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語：or ; either or；nor; neitheror