1、英語綜合課后答案Unit11. Whatdoes"theicydefender"referto?Itreferstotheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.2. WhatdidNapoleonexpectwhenheassembledhisarmytoattackRussia?HeexpectedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.3. WhatdidtheRussiansdointhefaceofNapoleon'soffensive?WhatstrategydidtheRussiansadopt?Instead

2、offighting,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheylettheRussianwinterfightthewarforthemwhiletheybidedtheirtime4. WhatdidNapoleondiscoverafterheoccupiedMoscow?NapoleondiscoveredthattheoccupationofthecitywasanemptyvictorybecausetheRussiansfledtheircapitalleavinghimalmostnothinga

3、tall.5. WhathappenedtoNapoleon'sarmywhenitwasretreatingfromMoscow?TheysufferedheavylossesasaresultoftheextremecoldandtheRussians'hit-and-runattacks.6. WhatdidNapoleondowhenPariswascaptured?Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile.7. WhendidHitlerbeginhisinvasionoftheSovietUnion?Whattacticsdidheuse?

4、Howlongdidheexpectthecampaigntolast?HitlerbeganhisinvasionoftheSovietUniononJune22,1941withoutadeclarationofwar.Heexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonthsbyusingtheso-called"lightningwar"tactics.8. WasStalinpreparedforHitler'sattack?WhatdidhedointhefaceoftheGermaninvasion?No,he

5、wasn't.HeinstructedtheRussianpeopleto"scorchtheearth"infrontoftheGermaninvaders.9. HowdidthepeopleofLeningradrespondtotheGermanattack?ThepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrenderandputupaheroic,stiffresistance.10. WhatsloweddowntheGermanadvanceonMoscow?WhatmadetheGermanoffensivecometoahalt?A

6、nearly,severe,coldwinter,toalargeextent,sloweddowntheGermanadvanceonMoscow.11. WhatwasthesignificanceofthebattleofStalingrad?ThelossofthebattleforStalingradturnedthetideagainstHitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover.12. WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon'sandHitler'smilitarycampaigns?Thea

7、uthorconcludesthattheelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.Unit21. Howimportantwastheautomobileindustryinthetwentiethcentury?Theautomobileindustryrankedasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.2. Whatwillhappentocarsandroadsinthetwenty-firstcentury?Carsandr

8、oadswillberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury3. Whydoestheauthorsaythekeytotomorrow's"smartcars"willbesensors?Becauseitissensorsthatwillenablevehiclesandroadstobeabletosee,hear,feel,smell,talk,andact.4. Howwouldsensorshelpreducetrafficfatalities?Sensorscansenseifadriverisdrunkandref

9、usetostartuptheengine.5. Whatisthefunctionoftheradarshiddeninthebumpers?Theradarshiddeninthebumperscanscanfornearbycars.Ifyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistakethecomputerwillsoundanimmediatewarning.6. Howwillasmartcaralertadriverwhofeelsdrowsy?Ifthedriver'seyelidscloseforacertainlengthoftimeandhisorherd

10、rivingbecomeserratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.7. Whatmakesitpossibleforsmartcarstodeterminetheirapproximatelocation?GPSmakesitpossibleforsmartcarstodeterminetheirlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.8. WhataretheprospectsforapplicationsofGPS?Withthepriceofmicrochipsdroppings

11、odrastically,futureapplicationsofGPSarevirtuallylimitless.9. Whatis"telematics"expectedtoachieveinincreasingtheefficiencyandsafetyofhighwaytransportation?Itisexpectedtoputsmartcarsonsmarthighways.10. WhataretrafficengineersdoingonInterstate15closetoSanDiego?TheyareinstallinganMIT-designeds

12、ystemwhichwillintroducethe"automateddriver".11. Whathopesdopromotersofthesmarthighwayhaveforitsfuture?Theyhavegreathopesforitsfuture.By2021,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.By2021,telematicscouldbeadoptedinthousandsofmilesofhighwaysintheUnitedStates

13、.12. Whataretheadvantagesofsmarthighways?Smarthighwayscouldbeanenvironmentalboon,savingfuel,reducingtrafficjams,decreasingairpollution,andservingasanalternativetohighwayexpansion.Unit31. Whatisthewriteraccordingtowhathesaysatthebeginningofthetext?Herunsamanufacturingcompany.2. Whatkindofanswersdidhe

14、getfromthecollegegraduatewhowantedajob?Almostallofthemwereno.3. Whatconclusiondidthewriterdrawfromtheyoungapplicant'sanswers?Thisapplicantwas川preparedforthejobhewasapplyingforandthereforeillqualified.4. Whatisthefirstsuggestionthewritergivestojobapplicants?Preparetowin.5. Whatchangeshavetakenpla

15、cewithemployeessincethewriter'scollegedays?Theynowhavetoswitchjobsfrequently.6. Whatexampledoesthewriteruseinsupportofhissecondsuggestion?A90-year-oldtennisplayerwhowantedtoworkonhisweakness-backhandcourt.7. Whatisthewriter'sthirdsuggestionmainlyconcernedwith?Believinginyourself,evenwhennoon

16、eelsedoes.8. WhydoesthewritertalkaboutthecabsinNewYorkwhenhegiveshisfourthsuggestion?Becausehewillmentionacabdriverwhoisdifferent.9. Whatwasitaboutthecabdriverthatparticularlyimpressedthewriter?Hiseffortstomakeadifference.10. WhatmadethewritertravelwithhismentorCurtCarlsoninCarlson'sjetandwhatha

17、ppenedonthedayofdeparture?HewasofferedarideinCurt'sjetonadaywhenMinnesotawashitwithoneoftheworstsnowstormsinyearsandtheinternationalairporttherewasclosedforthefirsttimeindecades.11. WhywasCurtCarlsonsohappywhentheyweretaxiingdowntherunway?Becausetherewerenotracksleftinthesnow,whichmeanshewasthef

18、irstpersontotakeofffromthere.12. Whatpointdoesthewriterwanttomakebytalkingabouthismentor,CurtCarlson?Carlsonwasexcitedaboutbeingfirst,whichisexactlywhatthewriterrecommendstojobapplicants.Unit41. WhydoesWilliamBrowdersaythatnationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim?Becausehefeelsheiscompletelyinternati

19、onal.2. WhatdoesWilliamBrowdermeanbysaying"Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn'tmatterwhereyouare"?Whathemeansisthatifonehasanetworkoffriendsandenjoywhatoneisdoing,onecanfunctionwellanywhereintheworld.3. WhodoesDavosManreferto?Itreferstoamemberoftheinternationalbu

20、sinesselitewhotrekseachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownofDavosfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum.4. WhataretheissuesdiscussedattheWorldEconomicForum?Theissuesincludeeverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.5. WhatbeliefdomostDavosmenandwom

21、enshare?Theyallbelievethatglobalization,theunimpededflowsofcapital,laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast,interconnectedmarketplaceinwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.6. Wh

22、atdoesProfessorSamuelHuntingtonthinkofDavosMan?HedescribesDavosManasanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.7. Didglobaltradeexistinthepast?Whatdidpeopledoingglobaltradethinkofitthen?Yes,globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies.Inthepast,thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromglobaltradewerelargelyc

23、ontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.8. WhatisGoldmanSachs'predictionabouttheworldeconomyinthefuture?Itpredictedthatfoureconomies-Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina-willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojectionsofdemograp

24、hicandeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.By2050,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplacedallbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.9. WhodoesManilaWomanreferto?Itreferstolow-paidmigrantworkersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyprovidingkeyservicesaroundthew

25、orld.10. WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenDavosManandManilaWoman?UnlikeDavosMan,ManilaWomanisstronglypatriotic.11.WhydoesPatrickSayerfocusonthedomesticmarket?Becausehethinksthattherearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.12. WhatdoestheauthorthinkDavosManneedtofigureout

26、?DavosManneedstofigureouthowtostrikeabalanceonaglobalscalebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingnationalatthesametime.Unit51. Doesthenarratorthinkourfirstimpressionsofapersonarealwaysright?Whyorwhynot?No,hedoesn't.Becausehispersonalexperiencetellshimthisiswrong.2. WhatwasEdwardBurtonbyprofession?Howd

27、idhelook?HewasamerchantandhadbeeninbusinessinJapanformanyyears.Hewasatinylittlefellow,notmuchmorethanfivefeetfourinheight,andveryslender,withwhitehair,aredfacemuchwrinkled,andblueeyes.3. WhatstruckthenarratormostaboutEdwardBurton?Why?EdwardBurtonhaddonesomethingthenarratorcouldneverhavebelievedhewou

28、ld,unlesshehadheardthestoryfromhisownlips.Bothinappearanceandmannerhesuggestedthetypeofcharacteryouwouldnotassociatewithsuchanaction.4. WhowasLennyBurton?HowdidEdwardBurtongettoknowhim?LennyBurtonwasabridgeplayer.EdwardBurtonusedtoplaybridgewithhim.5. WhatwasEdwardBurton'simpressionofLenny?Inhis

29、eyes,Lennywasnotabadchap,andhelikedhim.6. HowdidLennymanagetosupporthimself?Hegot,fromtimetotime,abitofmoneyfromhisfamilyinLondonandmadeabitmorebycard-playing.7. WhydidLennycallathisnamesake'sofficeoneday?Hecalledathisnamesake'sofficetoaskforajob8. HowdidEdwardrespondtohisrequest?Edwardrefus

30、edhisrequestandhumiliatedhim.9. Howdidtheresponsehelptoshowhimupinhistruecolors?TheresponseshowedthathewasacruelmanbecauseheevenmadefunofLennywhowasdownandoutinsteadofgivinghimhelp.10. WhatideadidEdwardthinkofwhenLennybeggedagainforajob?EdwardaskedLennytoswimfromtheShioyaClubroundthebeaconandlandatt

31、hecreekofTarumi.Itwasoverthreemilesandratherdifficult.11. WhydidLennyhesitatebeforeheagreedtodoashewastoldto?Becauseheknewthathewasnotingoodconditionandmightnotmakeit.12. WhenEdwardsetaconditionforofferingajob,washeawareLennywouldbedrowned?Howdoyouknow?Yes.BecauseEdwardsaidthathehadn'tgotavacanc

32、yinhisofficewhenhesetthecondition.Unit61. Whatdidweusetoexpectfromtechnology?Weusedtothinkthattechnologywouldmakeourliveseasier.2. Inwhatwayshaveinventionssuchasthemotorcarandtheaircraftbroughtusbenefits?Andwhatabouttheadventofwashingmachines?Inventionssuchasthemotorcarandtheaircrafthaveofferedusuni

33、maginablelevelsofpersonalmobility.Washingmachineshavefreedwomenfromhavingtotoiloverthelaundry.3. Whatnewburdenshastechnologyproducedapartfromcrammingworkintoourleisuretime?Accordingtotheauthor,asidefromallowingworktospreadintoourleisuretime,technologyhasalsoaddedthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,e-mail

34、sandvoicemails.4.Howfastisinformationgeneratedtodayascomparedtoacoupleofcenturiesago?Acoupleofcenturiesago,nearlyalltheworld'saccumulatedlearningcouldbecontainedintheheadsofafewphilosophers.Today,thoseheadscouldnothopetoaccommodatemorethanatinyfractionoftheinformationgeneratedinasingleday.5. Wha

35、tisEdwardWilson'spurposeinsubscribingtosixty-oddjournalsandmagazines?Hispurposeistokeephimupwithwhatisgoingoninhisspecializedfield-entomology.6. Whatgivesrisetoourdiscontentwithsuperabundance?Theconfusionofendlesschoice.7. Iseveryonetime-starvedtoday?Whatpercentageofthepopulationissufferingunderthestressesandstrainsoflifetoday?No.Abouthalfthepopulationissufferingunderth