1、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞（表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等）和集體名詞（表示作為一個(gè)整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等） 。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)，如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名詞（表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, tim

2、e, health, friendship 等） 。二、關(guān)于可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：book f books room f rooms house f houses day f days2. 以 s, ss, ch, sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：bus f buses glass f glasseswatch f watches dish f dishes box f boxes3. 以"輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名

3、詞，要先將 y改為i再加-es。如：city f cities body f bodiesctory f factorie等等。4. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，要將 f或fe改為v再加-es。如： half f halves leaf f leavknife f knives wife f wives5. 特例 悄悄話：特例常常考，要記住。 child f children man f men woman f women policeman f policemen （規(guī)律： man - men） tomato f tomatoes potato f potatoes初中英語以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只

4、有這兩個(gè)詞加-es,其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍！如：photo f photos foot f feet tooth f tee俏話：oo 變成 ee。sheep, Chinese, Japanese、復(fù)數(shù)同形悄悄話：變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞形不變。people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，要求謂語動(dòng)t用復(fù)數(shù)；people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指 多個(gè)民族“。三、關(guān)于不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： The food is very fresh. 食品很新鮮。2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。如：water （水）waters

5、 （水域）orange （橘汁）-oranges （橘子）3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)為不可數(shù)，表示種類時(shí)就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：fruit f fruits food f foocfeh f fishes hair f hairs四、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意 ”1 、可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。 不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如：some bread，a little milk 等。2、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a（ an） ，表示特指時(shí)

6、，前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a （an）修飾，表示特指時(shí)，前面一定要用定冠詞the。如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾，表示"一些，許多"。如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有許多水。4、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。

7、如：two apples, four books 等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞 +of"來表示數(shù)量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper 等。5、可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞 "時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。6、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語

8、提問用how many; 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box? 盒子里有多少個(gè)蘋果？How much tea is there in the cup? 杯里有多少茶水？注意：對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時(shí)，疑問詞用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate? 盤子里有多少片面包？英語中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、

9、復(fù)數(shù)之分，如： ma尸maps; onion -onions baker - bakers不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如： some water； a lot of bread二、 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a （ an） ； 而不可數(shù)名詞不能用a（ an） 。 如： Li Hongis a driver. I am a teacher.李紅是一名司機(jī)，我是一名教師。We can't see milk on the table. 我們看不見桌上有牛奶。友情提醒在表示特指時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞the。如：Pass me the ball, plea

10、se.請(qǐng)把球傳給我。The chicken on the plate is yours. 盤子里的雞肉是你的。三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many等詞修飾。如： many apples, a lot of tomatoes , a few pens不可數(shù)名詞則要用much、 a little 等詞修飾。如：much meat， a little bread ， little waterTips這兩類名詞都可以被some、any、a lot of （lost of） 等修飾。如：some eggs/paper （紙）。A lot of （ lots of） knives/orange juic

11、e四、可數(shù)名詞前通常可用具體的數(shù)詞來修飾。如：three women， ten babies不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即 “數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。如：two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶five pieces of bread 五片面包五、可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如：There is some rice in the bowl. 碗里有些米飯。All the students are in the classroom. 所有的學(xué)生都在教室里

12、。Tips 如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are two bags of rice inthe room.房間里有兩袋子大米。六、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many;對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much ,但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many。如：I can see two pictures on the wall.f How many pictures can you see on the wallThere is a lot of pork in the basket.f How much pork is

13、 there in the basketI want three glasses of water.f How many glasses of water do you want七、另外，有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)名詞，但不同的是，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如people，police , family等；而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如clothes, glasses （眼鏡）等；有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如Japanese， sheep， Chinese 等。如：The Chinese people are hardworking and brave. 中國(guó)人民勤勞勇敢。The

14、 sports clothes are new.這些運(yùn)動(dòng)服是新的。I have one sheep. He has two sheep我有一只羊，他有三只羊。可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的練習(xí)I.找出下列笑話中的可數(shù)名詞，并寫出其復(fù)數(shù)形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller“ How much is this cat, please?” “ 100 dollars. ” “20 dollars yesterday! ” “ Yes, that s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was wo

15、rth 80 dollars!II. 找出不可數(shù)名詞，在橫線上打勾，并將可數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式：homework _ half _ advice_ money _knowledge _ boot _ blood _ music _chicken _ heat _ mouth _ breadinformation _ milk _ cow _ tear _III. 選擇填空：1 The deer has four A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2 Her two brothers are both .A. policeman B. policemans C. p

16、olicemen D. policemens3 There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4 Two would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5 Can you see nine in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6 The has two .A

17、. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7 The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8 The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men9 There are lots of in the basket on the table.A. tomatos

18、 B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10 The cat caught two last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices三 .用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people

19、) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK?7. I have lots of(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white(hair).12. They are(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of (

20、orange), please?14. There are many(fox) in the picture15. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.There be 句型一、專題講解1、定義：There be結(jié)構(gòu) 某地有某人（某物）其基本句型為"There be +某物或某人（主語）+某地”。2、be動(dòng)詞的選擇： There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞be （is / are）在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is ;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 are。3、具體結(jié)構(gòu)：（1） There is +單數(shù)

21、可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.E.g. There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一張桌子。（2） There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語. E.g. There are 5 apples in the box.盒子里有五個(gè)蘋果。口訣：有字放前面，有 啥“放中間；時(shí)間地點(diǎn)放后面；單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are;注意be的兩變化。4、句型變化：（1）、否定句：there be的否定式通常在 be后力口 not。E.g. There is a bike under the tree. 樹下有一輛自行車There isn't a bike under the t

22、ree.E.g. There are 2 little girls in the room. 在房間里有兩個(gè)小女孩。There aren't 2 little girls in the room.（2）、一般疑問句及其答語：1、一般疑問句：把 be動(dòng)詞提前，首字母大寫，句末用問號(hào)即可。2、回答時(shí)，用什么問，就用什么答 "，用Is / Are there來提問，就用there is / are來回答。肯定回答：Yes, there is / are.否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.E.g. 1、There are two cats i

23、n the tree.樹上有兩只貓。Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. No, there aren't. 2、 There is a computer on the desk . 在桌子上有臺(tái)電月百。Is there a computer on the desk? Yes, there is. No, there isn't.課堂練習(xí) ：1. There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .否定句：一般疑問句：否定回答 ：5、some和any在“there b的型中的用

24、法：some 一些（some用于肯定句）any 一些（any用于否定句和一般疑問句）注意：There be句型在變成否定句或一般疑問句時(shí)，要注意把句中的some變成any。E.g.1、There is some water in the bottle .在瓶子里有一些水。There isn't any water in the bottle.（否定句）Is there any water in the bottle ?（般疑問句）2、There are some children in the picture. 圖片里有一些小孩。There aren't any childre

25、n in the picture.（否定句）Are there any children in the picture ?（一般疑問句）課堂練習(xí) ：1. - Are there shops near here? - No, there are shops near here.A. some, notB. some, any C. any, notD. any, no2. There are some tables on the floor.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?、就近原則：若句子中有幾個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)be的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。E.g. 1.There is a pen, t

26、wo pencils and some books on the desk. 書桌上有支車W筆、 兩支鉛筆和些書。2.There are two pencils, a pen and some books on the desk.書桌上有兩支鉛筆、 支車 W筆和些書。3.There some books, two pencils and a pen on the desk.書桌上有些書、 兩支鉛筆和支車W筆。課堂練習(xí)：There milk and eggs on the table .在桌子上有牛奶和雞蛋。There eggs and milk on the table.7、 “there b

27、e 和”"havel區(qū)別There be表示存在有“；have (has)表示所屬有“。他們都翻譯為 有'”，但具體用法不 相同，且兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不能同時(shí)合用。E.g.1、I have a book .我有一本書。(注：書歸我所有，我是書的主人。一所屬有)2、There is a book on the desk .在桌子上有一本書。(書只是存在于桌子上，但書不屬于桌子所有。)8、常見的的介詞和介詞短語：介詞：at在.in 在 里面on 在上面under 在下面 behind 在后面near 在附近介詞短語舉例：at home 在家 in the box 在盒子 on the fl

28、oor 在地板上in front of 在前面under the tree 在樹下 behind the door在門后面near the zoo在動(dòng)物園附近(2)變式練習(xí)一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1 . There a map on the wall.2 . There many things on her desk.3 . There a big dog and a small cat near the table.4 . There two bikes under the tree.5 . There a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pen

29、cil-box.6 . There some books, a pencil-box and a pen on her desk.7 .There some milk in the glass.8 .There some people under the big tree.9 .There lots of flowers in our garden.二、單選題10 there a radio on your desk?A. AreB. IsC. Am11 there a map on the wall? Yes, there.A. Are / isB. Is / areC. Is / isD.

30、 Are /are12 There two apples, one orange and one banana on the table.A. has B. are C.am D.is13 There a pencil, a book and two pens on the table.A.isB. are C.am D.have14 Are there pictures on the wall? No, there aren'tA. any / anyB. some / any C. some / someD. any/some15 There some water in the c

31、up .A. isB.am C. are D. be二、鞏固練習(xí)1 .把下列句子改為否定句和一般疑問句。1. I have a ping-pong ball.否疑2. There is a book and a pen in the bag.否疑 3. His aunt has a new TV.否疑 4. There are some boys in our class.否疑 五、拓展訓(xùn)練、單選題1.There_ some water in the cup .A. isB. amC. areD. be2. there a book on the desk now ? A. IsB. AreC

32、. WereD. Was3. How many people in your family ?A. do you haveB. are thereC. you hadD. there are4.There _any trees in front of the classroom.A. isn'tB. aren'tC. hasn'tD.haven't5. There _sheep in the field .A. isB. are muchC. are manyD.are a6. There are _in the field .They are eating g

33、rass.A. a horseB. much horses C. many horseD. many horses7. There a new bed and an old desk in the room .A. isB. areC. haveD.has8. any trees in the picture ?A. Is there B. Are there C. Was there D. Were there9. There pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.A. is aB. are someC. has aD. have some10. How many are there in your classroom?A. desksB. deskC. chairD. door“ have, has ，” “ there i