1、破解托福閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句托福閱讀理解難，難在長(zhǎng)難句。 如何破解長(zhǎng)難句， 是做好托福閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。破 解長(zhǎng)難句通常采用方法是 找準(zhǔn)主謂賓 , 去除定狀補(bǔ) ，抓住長(zhǎng)難句特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是破解托 福閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句的又一制勝法寶。 托福閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句有以下六大類型：1、主語、賓語拉長(zhǎng) 一般來講，漢語主語比較簡(jiǎn)短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長(zhǎng)，就 會(huì)增加讀者的理解難度。 解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個(gè)擊破。例如：（ 1） The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surf

2、ace, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. （OG Practice 2）（2） The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.2、分詞短語打頭 ，句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長(zhǎng)句式 分詞短語（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過

3、去分詞）做狀語，這一句式比較常見，讀者閱讀時(shí)由于要區(qū)分短語和主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系， 所以理解上有難度。 并且分詞短語本身往往由于摻入了 插入語 成分，理解上就更為困難。 解 決方法： 理清主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系； 而過去分詞與主 語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如： Working of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Marland, Pennsylvania, the Conservancy's Bud Smith is working with local people and business leade

4、rs to balance economic growth environmental protection.注意： 介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。例如： In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first dis

5、covered them even while building materials have changed dramatically. （TPO 14）3、多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞連用 簡(jiǎn)單句之所以簡(jiǎn)單是因?yàn)槌煞謫我槐阌谧x者理解。而托福閱讀理解 中，出題人為增加閱讀難度， 就會(huì)把幾個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞放在一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中。 但是無論局勢(shì)如何變 化，英語句子本身就猶如一棵大樹，只能有一個(gè)主干起支撐作用，其他起輔助作用。 解決 方法：遇到多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞連用情況要分清主句謂語動(dòng)詞和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞。 剔除細(xì)枝末節(jié)之 后，句子也就好理解了。例如： The same thing happens to this day, thou

6、gh on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. （TPO Ground Water）4、插入語 : 插入語主要

7、起補(bǔ)充或說明的作用，我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行快速閱讀的時(shí)候通常會(huì)把它省略， 即忽略不看。 但是， 如果根據(jù)文章問題回原文定位句子時(shí)， 如果定位的關(guān)鍵句子包含了以上 插入語中的任何一種形式，則答案往往就在此處。It is possible that tubes made from animal bones were used for spraying because hollow bones, some stained with pigment, have been found nearby. (TPO)注意：插入語有時(shí)可以換成短語， 如介詞短語、 不定式短語等等；還可以換成有兩個(gè) 破折號(hào)引起的插入語成分。

8、例如： This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. (TPO 3)5、并列成分連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)(主謂賓都可以并列)并列成分是托福閱讀理解中的主要句式。 出題

9、人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子， 通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很 長(zhǎng)的句子。 解決方法：破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后 重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如： One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. (TPO: the origin of th

10、eater)What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies; the lifelike reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains, of waves striking the shore, and of people walking in the street; and the magic made possible by trick photography and the manipulation of the camera. (OG)6、多重復(fù)

11、合句疊加 所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種 句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等) 。 解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏 輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。(1) Other, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. (TPO)(2) But as more

12、 and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. (TPO)(3) Her dancing also attracted the attention

13、 of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art-centur'y isdesakteh,ata nineteenthart is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (

14、TPO)More sentences for TOEFL reading:1. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material.2. The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonizati

15、on of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.3. Judging from the widt

16、h and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river.4. Once detached from the ice shelf, these bergs drift in the currents and wind systems surrounding Antarctica and can b

17、e found scattered among Antarctica less colorful iceber'gss.5. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.6. Their calculations show that the impact kicked up a dust cl

18、oud that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse effect.7. Thus, all three explanation

19、s- physiological maturation, hearing and producing stories about past events， and improved encoding of key aspects of events-seem likely to be involved in overcoming infantile amnesia 8. Hulmut Buechner (1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had mo