1、精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - - - -綜合學術英語教程2答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education Keys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1 The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing profe

2、ssionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1 f

3、2 d3 a4 e5 g6 m7 j8 k9 l10 i11 b12 h13 c4. 1 offered 2 stresses 3 ability 4 different 5 approach(6) increasingly 7 graduates 8 enter 9 positions 10 Employment6. 1 Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, which is

4、a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1 The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc

5、.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner and architect.4. Set 1: 1 c2 e3 d4 h5 a6 g7 f8 bSet 2: 1 e2 a3 h4 b5 c6 f7 d8 g5. b Para. A b Para. B a Para. C c Par

6、a. Df Para. E e Para. F d Para. G g Para. A6. 1 Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard in design.2 First was da Vinci s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci s character was hi

7、s respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making,designing, practicingand testing, and for solvingproblems in the real1 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - -

8、 - -world.3“ There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT. ” Para. F4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potentia

9、l.5) It means that “ They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting backand letting things happen to them. ”7. Set 1: 1 h2 d3 a4 g5 f6 e7 b8 cSet 2: 1 c2 g3 d4 a5 h6 f7 e8 b8. 1 She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly

10、 f it with the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiring role models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out o

11、f their MIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Mul

12、tidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1 Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more to the purpose than Nature does. Para. A2) For Da Vinci, the simplic

13、ity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design. Para. B3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. Para. F4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most important proble

14、ms of the world. Para. G5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. Para. H10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development of technologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1 It is believed that a multidiscip

15、linary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about scie

16、nce and technology from a liberal arts perspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventional divisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast“ College education has always had th

17、e responsibility to .However, . we also see the growing importance of producing .”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers interest to go on reading.2 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - -

18、- - - - -Integrated Exercises2. 1 ultimate 2 spirit 3 feed 4 approach 5 property 6 represent(7) discipline 8 aspiration 9 inspire 10 perspective 11 inherit 12 generate3.The members of a word familyChinese equivalentinspire inspiration inspired inspiringv.鼓勵n.靈感adj.有靈感的generate generation generative

19、generatoradj.鼓勵人心的v.產生n.一代adj. 有生產力的 n.發電機aspiration aspire aspiringn.希望v.希望adj.有理想的inherit inheritance inheritor inheritedv.繼承 n.繼承物 n.繼承人 adj. 遺傳的 discipline disciplined disciplinaryn.紀律 adj. 紀律嚴明的 adj.有關紀律的 represent representation representativev.代表 n.表現 n.代表者anatomist anatomy anatomicaln.解剖學家n.

20、解剖學adj.解剖的 speculate speculation speculative speculatorv.估計n.估計adj.估計的n.思索者 celebrate celebration celebrated celebrityv.慶祝n.慶?；顒觓dj.聞名的n.名人 intellect intellectual intelligence intelligentn.智力adj. 智力的n.聰明adj.有才智的collaborate collaboration collaborative collabotatorv.合作n.合作adj.合作的n.合作者Integrate integra

21、ted integrationv.合并adj. 完整統一的n.整合1 inspiring 2 generation 3 collaborative 4 aspiring 5 Intelligent(6) inherit 7 celebrity 8 speculated 9 representative 10 anatomical4. 1 D2 A3 C4 B5 D6 A7 B8 C9 A10 C5. 1 Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The

22、scientists experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the global economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public atte

23、ntion.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join the c

24、ampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. 1 Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research w

25、ork at the crossroads between biological and medical studies.(4) It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possible emergencies.(6) The audience

26、 was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the3 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - - - -environmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of li

27、fe.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boun

28、dless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. 1 B2 C3 B4 B5 DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in traini

29、ng individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on

30、a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1 F2 T3 F4 T5 TD. 1 what learning is about 2 be inquisitive 3 learn a new subject4 analyze a new problem 5 teacher-taught 6 master-inspired7 self-learner 8 the trap of dogma 9 no single simple answer10 black and white 11 critical thinking 12 tolerant and suppor

31、tive13 a new thesis topic 14 flexibility 15 style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific Method Keys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1 The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It invol

32、ves gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2) Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The ste

33、ps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science

34、uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presenceaffects what is being studied.5) Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. Science is exciting. Science is useful. Science is ongoing.4 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - - -

35、-第 4 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - - - - Science is reliable. Science is a community endeavor.2. 1 c2 g3 e4 f5 a6 d7 h8 k9 b10 i11 j4. 1 aspects 2 process 3 satisfy 4 technologies 5 puzzle(6) collection 7 evidence 8 ensure 9 diversity 10 professional6. 1 Science.2) It b

36、rings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure

37、that science moves towards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1 The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and

38、observations which“ verified ” the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at the price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not re

39、futable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted and were always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies such as the sun.5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompati

40、ble with certain possible results of observation in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have expected.4. Set 1: 1 c2 a3 d4 b5 f6 e7 h8 gSet 2: 1 b2 e3 a4 f5 d6 c7 h8 g5. Para. A b Para. B c Para. C e Para. D e Para. E a Para. F d6. 1 Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then

41、 conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrong with your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once

42、 you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn t change it, even if the results of your experiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1 c2 a3 d4 b5 f6 e7 h8 gSet 2: 1 e2 g3 a4 f5 c6 b7 d8 h8. 1 Observation, as the f

43、 irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting information from any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In this process, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through being refuted by new observations which are incompatible

44、with the theory could it be falsified,5 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - - - -which ref lects its true scientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a theory is a hypothesi

45、s confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory from refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.

46、4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivableevent is non-scientific.9. 1 Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more about what makes plants grow. Para. B2) The experiment that you will design is

47、done to test the hypothesis. Para. D3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight appear to grow bigger. Para. H4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don tmatch up with your hypothesis. Para. K5) You ca

48、nnot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. Para. Q10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a researchproject you have chosen by collecting adequate information from vari

49、ous sources, and is followed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defines what you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1 Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, rend

50、ers it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices, misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is most likely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prov

51、e a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. 1 additional 2 illustrate 3 interpret 4 conduct 5 previous 6 involve(7) design 8 verify 9 reflect 10 collect 11 research12 support3.The members of a word familyChinese equiv

52、alentacquire acquired acquisitionv.獲得adj. 獲得的n.獲得物project projected projecting projectionn.方案adj. 規劃的adj.突出的n.規劃method methodical methodology methodologicalidentify identifiable identification identityunidentifiablen.方法adj. 有方法的n.方法論adj.方法論的v.識別adj.可辨認的n.鑒定、身份adj.無法識別的6 / 25精選名師 優秀名師 - - - - - - - -

53、 - -第 6 頁，共 25 頁 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名師歸納總結 - - - - - - - - - - - -empirical empirically empiricismadj.憑體會的adv.憑體會地n.體會論confirm confirmation confirmedv.確認n.證明adj.確認的approach approachable approaching unapproachablev.接近adj. 可接近的adj. 靠近的adj. 不易靠近的theory theoretical theoretically theoristn.理論adj.

54、理論上的adv.理論上地n.理論家emphasis emphasize emphatic emphaticallyn.強調v.強調adj.強調的adv.強調地 achieve achievable achieved achievementv.取得adj.可以實現的adj.高度完善的n.成就commit commitmentv.把托付給n.承諾constitute constituency constituent constitution constitutional constitutivev.組成n.選區n.組成部分n.憲法adj.憲法 的 adj.構成的assume assumed ass

55、uming assumptionv.假定adj. 假裝的conj. 假如n.假定expose exposed exposurev.揭露adj. 暴露的n.暴露logical illogical illogically logicianadj.規律上的adj.不合規律的adv.不合規律地 n.規律學家1 methodical 2 commitment 3 achievable 4 assume 5 illogical(6) exposure 7 constitutive 8 emphatic 9 confirmation 10 identity4. 1 A2 B3 A4 D5 A6 B7 C8 A9 D10 B5. 1 This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an eco