1、組織學與胚胎學實驗報告指定主題：實驗一 、上皮組織基本組織1報告主題：假復層纖毛柱狀上皮主題屬性：指定標本號：27#染色：HE染色教學要求：掌握假復層纖毛柱狀上皮的光鏡結構特征纖毛Cilium結締組織ConnectiveTissue杯狀細胞Goblet cell 光鏡下可見假復層纖毛柱狀上皮的各種上皮細胞界限不清，細胞核染藍紫色，高矮不一，其中柱狀細胞最多，游離面有大量纖毛，柱狀細胞之前常夾有杯狀細胞，其底部狹窄，頂部膨大，細胞核深染。所有細胞的基底膜均附著在基膜上，即使細胞核高低不齊排列，形似復層，實為單層。Then visible pseudostratified ciliated col

2、umnar epithelium of epithelial cell line is not clear, the nucleus dyed purple blue, height is differ, the columnar cells most, free surface has a lot of ciliated columnar cells, before often clip has goblet cell, its bottom is narrow, the top swollen, with hyperchromatic nuclei. All the cells of th

3、e basement membrane are attached on the basement membrane, whose nucleus are irregular, and the shape see as compound layer, and it is a single.實驗二 結締組織 基本組織2報告主題：骨單位主題屬性：指定標本號：6#材料：骨切片染色：Schmorl氏法塊染教學要求：掌握骨組織的結構間骨板Interstitial lamella骨板Osteon lamella中央管Centralcanal圖2骨單位（骨切片，Schmorl氏法塊染，40100）Figure

4、 2 osteon (osseous smear,Schmorl stained,40100）骨單位位于內外環骨板之間，數量最多，中央為圓心的中央管，中央管與穿通管相通，數層同心圓排列的骨板圍繞中央管。在骨單位之間，有一些不規則排列的間骨板，其中無血管通道，在骨板之間或骨板中可見黃色小腔，即骨陷窩。Osteon is located in the inside and outside ring bone plate between, the largest number, the central to the right of the central tube, the central tub

5、e and pierced tube are interlinked, layers of concentric arrangement of the bone plate around the central canal. There are some interstitial lamellae between osteon, which has no vascular channels, in the bone plate or between bone plate visible yellow small cavities, named lacuna.實驗三、肌組織與神經組織實驗二 基本

6、組織3報告主題：心肌主題屬性：指定標本號：12#材料：人心肌切片染色：HE染色教學要求：觀察人心肌的結構特點，掌握其判斷依據閏盤Intercalateddisk圖3 心肌（人心肌切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 3 Cardiac muscle（human cardiac muscle smear，HE stained 40100）多數心肌纖維有一個細胞核，少數有雙核，核呈卵圓形，位于細胞中央。心肌纖維的連接處稱閏盤，且染色深。心肌纖維呈明暗相間的周期性橫紋，但由于其肌原纖維粗細不等，界限不明，因此橫紋不如平滑肌那么清楚。Most of the myocardial fibers ha

7、ve a nucleus, a few have dual-core, and nucleus is oval, located in the central cell. The joint of the myocardial fibers called intercalated disc, and deep dyeing. The myocardial fibers are light and shade and periodic horizontal lines, but as a result of its myofibril different thicknesses of the u

8、nknown, so horizontal stripes as smooth muscle so clear.基本組織4報告主題：多級神經元主題屬性：指定標本號：9#材料：小牛脊髓及神經節染色：HE 染色教學要求：觀察脊髓前角多級神經元的結構特點，掌握其判斷依據神經膠質細胞的細胞核細胞核Nucleus樹突Dendrite尼氏體Nissl body圖4 多級神經元(小牛脊髓切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 4 multipolar neuron（calf spinal cord smear，HE stained 40100）多級神經元細胞核有大、圓，亮的特點，胞體和突起中可見到許多紫藍

9、色的不規則的小斑塊，即尼氏體。突起從胞體發出，一個神經元有多個樹突，一個軸突，因此軸突很難切到，不容易看見。Multistage neurons nuclei have big, round, bright characteristics, cell and bumps in the visible to many purple blue irregular small patches, namely the Nissl body. Flash from the cell body out, a neuron have multiple dendrite, an axon, so it is

10、difficult to cut the axon, which is not easy to see.實驗四 消化管中空性器官1報告主題：空腸絨毛主題屬性：指定標本號：19#材料：貓空腸橫切片染色：HE染色教學要求：掌握空腸的結構特征與判斷依據，特別注意腸絨毛和腸腺的結構）平滑肌Smooth muscle紋狀緣Striated border 單層柱狀上皮Simple columnar epithelium圖5 空腸絨毛（貓空腸橫切片，HE 染色，40100）Figure5 jejunum villi（cat jejunum transverse section, HE stained 401

11、00）空腸絨毛上皮由吸收細胞、杯狀細胞和少量內分泌細胞組成。吸收細胞數量最多，呈高柱狀，核長橢圓型，位于基部，細胞游離有深染層，稱紋狀緣。絨毛中軸的固有層為細密結締組織，其內常可見縱行的平滑肌、豐富毛細血管、12條中央乳糜管（多數未切到）及大量淋巴細胞。The epithelium of Jejunum villi is composed of absorption, goblet cell and a small amount of endocrine cells. The largest number of absorptive cells, a tall columnar, nuclea

12、r long elliptic, is located in the base, cell free have hyperchromatic layer, called striated border. Villi axis of the lamina propria for fine connective tissue, it often visible longitudinal done smooth muscle, rich capillaries, 1 2 a central lacteal (most not cut) and a large number of lymphocyte

13、s.實驗五 消化管以外的其他中空性器官中空性器官2報告主題：中等動脈主題屬性：指定標本號：10#材料：狗中等動、靜脈橫切片染色：HE染色教學要求：掌握中等動脈的結構特點內彈性膜Internal elasticMembrane 內膜Tunica intima中膜Tunica media外膜Tunica adventitia外彈性膜External elastic membrane圖6 中等動脈 （狗中等動脈橫切片，HE染色， 40100）Figure 6 medium-sized artery （dog medium-sized artery and vein transverse sectio

14、n smear ，HE stained 40100）在高倍鏡下，可見內彈性膜為一條呈波浪狀的折光性強的粉紅色亮帶，它是內膜與中膜的分界標志，中膜較厚，由數十層平滑肌纖維組成，因此中動脈也稱肌性動脈。外膜由疏松結締組織構成，多數中動脈的外膜和中膜之間有明顯的外彈性膜。At high magnification, internal elastic membrane is a wavy refraction sex strong pink light band, which is the border of tunica media and tunica adventitia .tunica med

15、ia is consist of dozens of layer of the smooth muscle fibers, so the artery is also called the muscular artery. External elastic membrane is composed of loose connective tissue, the majority of the artery; there is obvious elastic membrane between tunica media and tunica adventitia.實驗六 免疫系統實質性器官1報告主

16、題：淋巴結主題屬性：指定標本號：13#材料：狗淋巴結切片染色：HE 染色教學要求：掌握淋巴結的結構特征和判斷依據髓索Medullary cord 深皮質Deep cortex髓質Medulla淋巴小結Lymphoid nodule 被膜Envelope圖7 淋巴結 （狗淋巴結切片，HE染色 ，40100）Figure 7 Lymphoid node (Dog lymphoid smear , HE stained ，40100）淋巴結多呈扁平豆形或者卵圓形，表面有薄層結締組織被膜，伸入實質形成小梁，小梁互相連接成網。皮質位于被膜下，淺皮質由淋巴小結和彌散淋巴組織構成，副皮質為胸腺依賴區，為較大

17、片的彌散淋巴組織，皮質淋巴竇位于被膜下方和小梁周圍.髓質由髓索及其間的髓竇構成。Lymph node is flat bean shaped or ovoid, the surface has a thin layer of connective tissue capsule, stretch into substantial form trabecular, trabecular interconnected into network. Cortex is located in the envelope, shallow cortex by lymph nodule and dispersi

18、on lymphoid tissue structure; vice cortex for thymus depend on the area, for a large dispersion lymphoid tissue, cortex lymphatic sinus, in the envelope below and trabecular meshwork. Medulla around by pulp line and the pulp sinus between compositions.實驗八 腎與內分泌系統實質性器官2報告主題：下頜下腺主題屬性：自選標本號：24#材料：人下頜下腺

19、切片染色：HE染色教學要求：掌握下頜下腺的三種腺泡和導管的結構半月（混合性腺泡）Demilune漿液性腺泡Serous acinus 黏液性腺泡Mucous acinus分泌管Secretary duct圖8下頜下腺（人下頜下腺切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 8 （Submandibular gland smear, human submandibular gland，HE stained 40100）下頜下腺為混合性腺，小葉內可見很多圓形或不規則的腺泡，其中染紫紅色的是漿液性腺泡，染色淺的是黏液性腺泡，混合性腺泡主要由黏液性腺細胞構成，少量漿液性腺細胞位于黏液性細胞之間或聚集在腺泡

20、底部，也稱為半月。分泌管為單層柱狀上皮，多且發達，閏管短而不明顯。The submandibular gland is mixed gland, the leaves can be seen many round or irregular acinus , including dye aborigine is serous acinus, dyeing shallow is mucous acinus, mixed gland is mainly composed of mucous cells and a small amount of serous cells in the slime s

21、ex between cells or gathered in gland bubble bottom, called demilune. Secretary duct for single columnar epithelium, and developed, leap tube short is not obvious.實驗八 腎與內分泌系統實質性器官3報告主題：腎單位主題屬性：指定標本號：29#材料：兔腎切片染色：HE染色教學要求：掌握腎單位各部分的結構特點近曲小管Proximal convoluted tubule遠曲小管Distal convoluted tubule腎小囊Renal

22、 capsule血管球Renal glomerulus圖9 腎單位 （兔腎切片，HE染色， 40100）Figure 9 Nephron ( Rabbit kidney smear，HE stained ，40100）腎單位由腎小體和與其相連的腎小管組成，腎小體由血管球和腎小囊構成，血管球為腎小囊內一團蟠曲的毛細血管，腎小囊是上皮性管道盲端膨大并凹陷的雙層囊。近曲小管位于腎小體周圍，管徑大，管壁厚，管腔小而且不規則。遠曲小管與近曲小管混在一起，管徑小，管壁薄，管腔較大而規則。Nephron is composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule. Ren

23、al corpuscle by vascular ball and renal capsule form, glomus for renal capsule in a group of capillary, renal capsule is double capsule. Proximal convoluted tubule in renal corpuscle around, pipe diameter, wall thickness, the lumen is small and irregular. Distal convoluted tubule and proximal convol

24、uted tubule mixed together, pipe diameter is small, and the wall is thin實驗九 生殖腺實質性器官4報告主題：生精小管主題屬性：指定標本號：41#材料：人睪丸與附睪切片染色：HE染色教學要求：了解睪丸與附睪的一般結構，掌握生精小管的結構和間質細胞的位置及其結構特點。精子Spermatozoon精子細胞Spermatid初級精母細胞Primary spermatocyte精原細胞Spermatogonium支持細胞Sustentacular cell 圖10 生精小管（人睪丸與附睪切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 10

25、 Somniferous tubule (human testis and epididymis , HE stained ，40100）生精小管為高度彎曲的復層上皮性管道，外有薄層基膜，管壁由各級生精細胞和支持細胞構成。精原細胞附著在基膜上，胞體較小，核染色較深。初級精母細胞位于精原細胞近腔側，細胞體積大而圓，核亦大而圓，染色質密集呈絨球狀。次級精母細胞因存在時間短不易找到，精子細胞位于近腔面，體積更小，核大而圓，染色質細密。精子位于腔面，頭部呈扁圓形，嵌入支持細胞的胞質中，染色深，尾部游離于生精小管腔內。Somniferous tubules are curved stratified e

26、pithelium of pipeline, outside a thin layer of basement membrane, wall by various raw sperm cell and support cells composition. Spermatophore attached on the basement membrane, cell is lesser, nuclear staining deep. Primary spermatocyte located in nearly cavity side, cell volume is big and round, nu

27、clear also large, round, chromatin concentrated in wool ball. Secondary spermatocyte there for short time is not easy to find, sperm cells in the nearly cavity surface, the volume is smaller, nuclear large, round, chromatin close. Sperm is located in the cavity surface, the head is oblateness, embed

28、ded support cell cytoplasm, dyeing deep, tail free born in somniferous tubule cavity.自選主題 實驗二、結締組織基本組織5報告主題：嗜酸性粒細胞主題屬性：自選標本號：7#材料：人血涂片 染色：Wright染色教學要求：掌握嗜酸性粒細胞紅細胞Erythrocyte嗜酸性顆粒Eosinophilic Granule細胞核Nucleus圖11 嗜酸性粒細胞（人血涂片，HE染色，40100）Figure 11 Esoinophil (human blood smear，HE stained ，40100）嗜酸性粒細胞核

29、多分為兩葉，胞質內充滿粗大、分布均勻、染成橘紅色、有折光性的嗜酸性顆粒。其主要作用是能吞噬抗原抗體復合物，分解組胺，滅活白三烯，從而減弱過敏反應，又參與對蠕蟲的免疫反應。Eosinophilic nuclear are mainly divided into two leaves, cytoplasm filled with bulky, distribution uniformity, dyed orange, refraction sex eosinophilic particles. Its main function is to devour antigen antibody comp

30、lex, decomposition of histamine, inactivated leukotriene, thereby deadening allergic reaction, and the worm in the immune response.實驗一、上皮組織基本組織6報告主題：變移上皮主題屬性：自選標本號：31#染色：HE染色材料:貓膀胱切片（空虛狀態）教學要求：掌握膀胱空虛狀態下變移上皮的形態結構基膜Basement membrane蓋細胞Cover cells圖12 變移上皮 （貓膀胱切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 12 Transitional epithe

31、lium (cat bladder smear，HE stained ，40100）變移上皮由多層細胞構成，基底面平整。細胞核常排成56層，其中，基底層細胞核密集，小且染色深；中間數層細胞多為多邊形或倒梨形，核圓；表層細胞大，分界清晰，有防止尿液侵蝕的作用，稱為蓋細胞。Transitional epithelium cells by multilayer structure, base with smooth surface. The nucleus is often in 5 6 layer, among them, the basal lamina nuclei intensive, sm

32、all and dyeing deep; Intermediate layers of cells for polygon or fall pear-shaped, nuclear round; The surface cells, boundary clear, have prevent urine erosion effect, called cover cell.實驗四、消化管中空性器官3報告主題：食管主題屬性：自選標本號：18#染色：HE染色材料：狗食管和胃縱切片教學要求：掌握食管的結構特點及判斷依據食管腺Esophageal glands粘膜肌層Muscularis mucosa 肌

33、層Muscularis復層扁平上皮Stratified squamous epithelium圖13 食管 （狗食管和胃縱切片，HE染色，40100）Figure 13 Esophagus （dog esophagus and stomach longitudinal section, HE stained ，40100）食管黏膜的上皮為復層扁平上皮，固有層為細密結締組織，黏膜肌層由縱行平滑肌束組成。黏膜下層的結締組織中存在許多黏液性的食管腺。肌層由內環形和外縱行兩層，人的食管上段為骨骼肌，下段為平滑肌。外膜為纖維膜。Esophageal mucosa epithelial is strati

34、fied squamous epithelium, Muscularis mucosa is connective tissue, longitudinal beam of smooth muscle make up muscularis mucosa . Submucosa of connective tissue has many esophageal glands. musularis from inner ring and outer longitudinal two layer, human esophageal upper segment for skeletal muscle,

35、lower segment for smooth muscle. Tunica adventitia is fiber membrane.實驗七、消化腺與肺實質性器官5報告主題：肝主題屬性：自選標本號：26#染色：HE染色材料：香豬肝切片教學要求：掌握肝的結構特點及其判斷依據。肝血竇Hepatic sinusoid 門管區Portal area中央靜脈 Central vein 肝板hepatic plate圖14 肝 （香豬肝切片，HE 染色 ，40100）Figure 14 liver （xiang pig liver smear , HE stained ，40100）肝是實質性器官，外有結締組織被膜，伸入實質將其分為許多小葉。小葉中央為中央靜脈，以其為中心，肝板和肝血竇向周圍呈放射狀排列。肝板為肝細胞單層排列的板狀結構，肝血竇為肝板之間的間隙。在相鄰小葉之間的結締組織為門管區，其內可見小葉間動脈、靜脈及小葉間膽管。Liver is substantive organs, th