1、新托福閱讀長難句 120 句（分析 +譯文） 12 月 16 日1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth surface ，the deep ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remoteas the void of outer space.（定語后置 in some ways ） 由于完全沒有光，而且承受著

2、比在地球表面大數(shù)百倍的極大壓力，深海底部對人類而言是一個充滿敵意的環(huán)境， 在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險惡和遙遠。分句 1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句 2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth' s surface分句 3：the deep ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句 4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of o

3、uter space分句 2 修飾分句 1 結尾的短語 intense pressures ，分句 1是分句 3 的原因狀語 分句 3 是整個長句子的主句 分句 4 是分句 3 的后置定語，修飾分句 3 的 a hostile environment to humans整個句子結構是： 原因狀語 +主句 +后置定語 這是主句前后分別有狀語和定語的修飾成分，但是本句其實不是復合句。句子的核心意思是深海對于人類而言是 一個充滿敵意的環(huán)境。2. Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after theSecond World War

4、 is the country'simpressive population growth （倒裝結構 Basic to any understanding is ）要理解二戰(zhàn)之后 20 年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國驚人的人口增長。分句 1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after theSecond World War分句 2 ：is分句 3：the country's impressive population growth分句 1，2，3 共同構成倒裝句，正常的語序應該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常

5、語序是The country's impressivepopulation growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20years after the Second World War 本句是一個簡單句，只不過使用了倒裝，謂語動詞是 is.3. As a result ，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits

6、to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore （同位語從句 claims that）結果，那些認為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進健康的觀點廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎。分句 1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句 2：claims have become widel

7、y publicized and form the basis for folklore分句 2 嵌套分句 1，分句 1 作為分句 2 主語的同位語從句嵌套在分句 2 中。因此本句的主句是 claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些觀點廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎。同位語從句是 that eating a diet consisting entirelyof organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or providesother

8、 benefits to health ：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進健康4. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitaminsare superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs arenutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grainsare better than fumigated grains and the like （并列同位語從句 reports that , that

9、，-that）關于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營養(yǎng)價值更高，未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好 等等報道屢見不鮮，但都沒有得到證實。分句 1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports分句 2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones分句 3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句 4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated

10、grains and the like分句 1 是整個長句的主句， 分句 2、分句 3 和分句 4 是并列關系，共同構成分句 1 的同位語從句。 本句的意思是有 很多沒有經(jīng)過證實的報道，然后并列了三個未經(jīng)過證實的報道的從句。5 The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact thatreconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North， though less spectacularly （同位語從句 fact that ）南方極為嚴重的困境使北方同樣需要開始重建（盡管不像南方

11、那么引人注目 ）這一事實顯得不太重要。分句 1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact分句 2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North分句 3.though less spectacularly （省略）1 和 2 嵌套1 和 3 并列6 The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost everymajor city sparked an explosion of real es

12、tate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl （賓語從句 what we now know as） 現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā)了一場房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們 現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無計劃擴展的現(xiàn)象。分句 1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almostevery major city sparked an explosion of real estate development andfueled分句 2：wha

13、t we now know as urban sprawl分句 1 嵌套分句 2，即分句 1 是主句，分句 2 是賓語從句， 主句結構經(jīng)過精簡應該是 The new accessibility of landsparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl 。本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞 fuel ，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動詞的時候的意思就可 以引申為促使、造成。7. But these factors do not account for the interesting que

14、stion ofhow there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth（Of 結構作定語： of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs）但這些因素并不能解釋這個有趣的問題：為何在一個特定的地點會如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚龍群。分句 1：But these factors do not accou

15、nt for the interesting question分句 2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnantichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth分句 1 嵌套分句 2.分句 2 是 Of 結構作后置定語修飾說明 question 的內(nèi)容。8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering aroundthe unknown region

16、 and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out （同位語從句 rumors that ） 當時有一些傳言，說有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動，而且在這一區(qū)域的某個地方有一座巨大的鹽石山，其 面積達 80 英里長 50 英里寬。就在這些傳言中，兩位上尉出發(fā)了。分句 1：Amid rumors分句 2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unkno

17、wn region分句 3：and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80by 45 miles in extent分句 4：the two captains set out分句 1和分句 4 構成倒裝，正常的語序應該是分句 4+分句 1，即 the two captains set out Amid rumors 。分句 1 嵌套分句 2 和分句 3，分句 2 和分句 3 是修飾分句 1的 rumors 的同位語從句，用來說明謠言的 具體內(nèi)容。分句 2 和分句 3 構成并列關系。9. In the seventee

18、nth century the organ, the clavichord，and theharpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，asupremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century （同位語 a supremacy）17世紀時風琴、 敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員， 這種至高無上的地位一直由它們保持， 直到 18 世紀 末被鋼琴所取代。分句 1：In the se

19、venteenth century the organ, the clavichord，and theharpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，分句 2：a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century分句 2 是分句 1的同位語從句，用來修飾說明分句 1中的 the chief instruments of the keyboard group10A series o

20、f mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality ，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate har

21、monies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound ，from a liquid ，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance （介詞結構from tof乍定語）持續(xù)到 19 世紀的一系列機械上的改進，包括引入踏板以維持音調或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳牲能 的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無數(shù)音調效果的樂器 這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂音響， 從明快流暢的吟唱音調到尖銳的打擊樂器的恢弘氣氛。分句 1：A series of mechanical improvements con

22、tinuing well into the nineteenth century分句 2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or tosoften it 分句 3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality分句 4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects分句 5：from the most delicate harmonies to an alm

23、ost orchestral fullness of sound ，分句 6：from a liquid ， singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance本句的真正的主句結構其實是由分句 1 和分句 4 構成，即 A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced aninstrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句 2和分句 3并列修飾說明分句 1中的 Aseri

24、es of mechanical improvements ，而分句 5 和分句 6 并列，修飾說明了分句 4 中的 an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects11 The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish,rose in five terraced stories ， contained more than 800 rooms，andcould have housed a population of 1 ， 000 or more 最大的一座后來被西班牙人稱

25、為 Pueblo Bonito( 美麗的城鎮(zhèn) )，是一個五層梯式樓， 有800 多間房子，能夠容納 1 000 人以上。分句 1： The largest rose in five terraced stories， contained more than800 rooms ，and could have housed a population of 1 ，000 or more分句 2 ： later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish分句 1嵌套分句 2，分句 2 用來修飾分句 1的主語 the largest, 分句 1內(nèi)部是由三

26、個并列的謂語構成的句子。12 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before1927 as “ s，iletnhte film”has never been， in the full sense of theword, silent (倒裝 accustomed though we are =though we are accustomed)雖然我們習慣于將 1927 年以前的電影叫做 “無聲電影 ”，但是就 “無聲 '這'個詞的完整意義上說，電影從未真正的無 聲過。分句 1：Accustomed th

27、ough we are to speaking of the films made before1927 as “ silent ”分句 2：the film has never been silent分句 3：in the full sense of the word本句的難點是在分句 1內(nèi)部有一個倒裝，正常的語序應該是though we are accustomed to speaking ofthe films made before 1927 assilent. 分句 3 是一個插入語，嵌套在分句 2 中，所以本句的真正強調的核心是 the film has never been si

28、lent 。13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra ，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of

29、musical pieces (特殊結構 not SO much as 與其說不如說 ) 在好些年內(nèi)，為各部影片選擇配樂的權力完全掌握在樂隊指揮或隊長手中，而通常擔任這種職位的資格與其說是 技巧或鑒賞品位，不如說是個人擁有音樂作品的豐富收藏。分句 1：.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra分句 2：and very often the principal

30、qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces分句1和分句2構成并列關系，分句 2的難點在于not so much的結構。14 Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importan

31、ce of biological diversity ， the number of species in a particular ecosystem ， to the health of the Earth and human well-being(倒裝 coincident with concernshas been =has been coincident withconcerns )在對物種和動物棲息地加速消失表示關注的同時，人們也越來越認識到生物多樣化，即一個特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種 的數(shù)量對地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。分句 1： Coincident with concerns a

32、bout the accelerating loss of speciesand habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity分句 2 ：the number of species in a particular ecosystem分句 3 ：to the health of the Earth and human well-being 分句 1 內(nèi)部構成倒裝，正常語序應該是 concerns about the accelerating loss of species an

33、d habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being 所以真正的主句經(jīng)過精簡之后是 concerns has been coincident with a growing appreciation分句 2 是一個插入語，用來解釋說明分句 1 結尾的 biological diversity15.The fact that half of the know

34、n species are thought to inhabitthe world's rain forests does not seem surprising， considering thehuge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species （同位語從句fact that;定語從句that comprise the bulk）考慮到組成大部分物種的昆蟲的巨大數(shù)量，認為半數(shù)的已知物種棲息在世界的雨林中這一事實看起來并不令人吃 驚。分句 1：The fact does not seem surprising分句

35、2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests分句 3：considering the huge numbers of insects分句 4：that comprise the bulk of the species分句 1 嵌套分句 2，分句 2 解釋說明分句 1的主語 thefact,是同位語從句，分句3作為分句1的原因狀語，分句4是定語從句，修飾分句3的the huge numbers of in sects16.To appreciate fully the di

36、versity and abundance of life in thesea， it helps to think small （特殊結構 it helps to 做有幫助 ） 要充分認識海洋生命的多樣性和豐富性，從小的角度思考有幫助。目的狀語： To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in thesea,主句： it helps to think small （這里的 it 是形式主語，沒有實際意義）1 7.Science is built with facts just as a house is built wit

37、h bricks ， but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house （特殊結構 not any more than 像一樣不 ） 科學建立在事實上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但收集的事實不能被叫做科學，就像一堆磚不能被稱為房子一樣。分句 1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built withbricks,分句 2. but a collection of facts can

38、not be called science any morethan a pile of bricks can be called a house.1和 2 是并列分句 （轉折關系）18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities（從句 which side is 作edorresponds to 的賓語 兩個半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進行特定的活動是對應的。分句 1. The variation be

39、tween the hemispheres corresponds to 分句 2. which side of the body is used to perform specific activities1 和 2 是嵌套1 是主句， 2 做主句的賓語19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth ， Donald Barthelme ， and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oat

40、es has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction （特殊結構characterized by以為特征）盡管處于一個以拋棄大量現(xiàn)實主義傳統(tǒng)（以作家約翰巴思、唐納德巴塞爾姆和托馬斯.品欽為代表）為特征的時代, 喬伊斯 卡羅爾 歐茨因為堅持自己小說本質上模仿的特點，有時候看起來是一個堅定的守舊派。分句 1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the real

41、istic tradition by authors such as John Barth， Donald Barthelme ， and ThomasPynchon,分句 2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction 分句1做時間狀語“In a period的后置定語，補充修飾period，相當于省略了“ which was的定語從句分句 2 是主句20If it we

42、re not for this faculty， they would devour all the foodavailable in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence （虛擬語氣 ） 如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會在短時間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會因餓死而滅絕分句 1. If it were not for this faculty分句 2. they would devour all the food available in short time 分句 3. would probab

43、ly starve themselves out of existence分句 1 是虛擬句的條件從句分句 2 、 3 是并列， 主句light, 新托福 , 分析, hundreds, without分享到 : QQ 空間 騰訊微博 騰訊朋友分享 0 收藏 0 支持 0 反對 0樓主熱帖精華推薦邱政政托福聽力十大必備段子 聽力 20 篇聽力新思維 TOEFL 作文模板 15 套新托福免費模考全真聽力 （原文 ）.pdf 下載托福聽力必背的 100 個單詞新托福聽 力小詞經(jīng)典 100 例新托福閱讀材料大禮包猴哥托福詞頻 9000詞組 1200 （7.0 版）免費下載貼（機經(jīng)） 2010 年新托

44、福機經(jīng)（大陸和北美）完整、清晰、很值得下載的資料新托福模考突擊聽力配套音頻 Toefl_IBT_ON_LINE_TEST （托福在線模考）劉文勇 1001 頁托福復習資料十天內(nèi)提高單詞量到 20000 分享到人人 相關帖子• ETS 官方解答新托福考生最關注的18 個難題 • 新托福口語：官方考情泄密 • 新托福寫作：官方考情泄密 • 新托福口語考前 30 天練習進度 •托福口語真題：描述物品 • 你不可不知：新托福寫作的 11 種錯誤分析 • 如何練習新

45、托福 聽力 • 北美大學入學新托福錄取分數(shù)線 •【公告】全球 iBT 新托福閱讀部分時間設置進行調整 • 新托福學術詞匯 （爆搶分類整理 ），與大家分享使用道具舉報沉默卡星辰星辰當前離線 TOEFL 成績 143分最后登錄 2012-1-13 精華 0 主題 19 積分 3519 閱讀權限 200 注冊時間 2011-8-25 帖子 64 管理員TOEFL 成績 143 分閱讀權限 200 主題 19精華 0 積分 3519 帖子 64 串個門加好友打招呼發(fā)消息沙發(fā) 發(fā)表于 2011-8-30 11:09:51 | 只看該作者 21

46、Individualism is weakly developedin folk cultures ，as are social classes (倒裝 as are social classes)'個人主義和社會階層在民間文化群體中的發(fā)展十分薄弱。分句 1. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures 分句 2. as are social classes1和2并列，2采用倒裝語序，as表示也，和一樣”22 People in the United States in the nineteenth century were h

47、aunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos (同位語從句 prospect that)1 9世紀的美國人因為害怕國家經(jīng)濟中史無前例的變化會帶來社會混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。分句 1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect分句 2. unprecedented change in the nation's

48、economy would bring social chaos 1和 2 嵌套，1是主句， 2 具體解釋說明 prospect23Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits (倒裝 Accompanyi

49、ng that growth was a structural change that =Astructural change was accompanying that growth)伴隨著這一增長的是一個結構變化，它以經(jīng)濟的不斷多樣化和國家勞動力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐 漸轉化為特征。分句 1. Accompanying that growth was a structural change 分句 2. featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labo

50、r force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits1和 2是嵌套分句 1是主句，且采用完全倒裝的形式分句 2 是定語從句，修飾 change. 這個定語從句結構較復雜，由 2 個 and 連接三個并列的名詞性成分24As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home(倒裝 so did)隨著男人和女人在社會中扮演的角色

51、被限定得更加嚴格，他們在家中的角色也是如此。分句 1. the roles became more rigidly defined分句 2. men and women played in society分句 3. so did the roles分句 4. they played in the home 1 和 2 嵌套， 3 和 4 嵌套1 和 3 并列2 和 4 分別作為定語從句修飾 roles3 是由 so 引導的部分倒裝句25.Surrounding the column are three sepals and threepetals ， sometimes easily reco

52、gnizable as such， often distorted intogorgeous ， weird ，but always functional shapes （倒裝 Surrounding the column are）圍繞著蕊柱的是三個萼片和三個花瓣，有時很容易辨認出來，但經(jīng)常被扭成華麗、 奇特但總是有用的形狀。分句 1. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals分句 2. sometimes easily recognizable as such ，often distorted into gorgeous

53、 ，weird ，but always functional shapes 1 是主句， 采用完全倒裝26With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married andestablished households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression（倒裝 th

54、an had their predecessors 比較結構的第二部分 ） 隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來的經(jīng)濟增長，年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭 比他們的前輩更大。分句 1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War分句 2. the economic boom that followed it分句 3. young people married and established households earlier分句 4. began to raise larger families th

55、an had their predecessors during the Depression 1 和 2 并列， 3 和 4 并列1 和 2 是伴隨狀語3 和 4 是主句27 The railroad could be and was a despoiler ofnature ；furthermore ，in its manifestation of speed and noise ，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well （關聯(lián)結構 could be and was） 鐵路可以，事實上也是自然的掠奪者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也可

56、能是人性的掠奪者。分句 1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature 分句 2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well1 和 2 是并列 （由分號連接的兩個并列分句）28In the railroads' prime years ，between 1 890 and 1920，there were afew individuals in the United States，most of them with solidrailroading experience b

57、ehind them ，who made a profession of writing about railroading-works offering the ambience of stations，yards ，andlocomotive cabs （同位語 most of them ；定語從句 who made a profession of writing）在 1890 年到 1920 年間鐵路的黃金時期，美國有幾個人 （他們大多有豐富的鐵路經(jīng)驗 ） 以寫鐵路題材為職業(yè) 品圍繞車站、停車場和機車。分句 1. there were a few individuals in the United States分句 2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them分句 3. who made a profession of writing about railroading分句 4. works offering the ambience of stations ， yards ， and locomotive cabs 1是主句2 和 3 是嵌套2 作為 1 中 a few individuals 的同位語，對它進一步解釋說明29 On the other hand，when it comes