1、The Theory and Practice of Legal Law TranslationChapter 1 Basic Rules for Legal Translation Accuracy: Contractor shall assume full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. 在項目接收之前，承包方應對工程承擔全部責任。 在項目驗收之前，承包方應對工程承擔全部責任。 原文中的acceptance 譯為“接收”不準確，應為“驗收”，即工程的完工情況必須經過查驗，并確定工程的質量等是否

2、符合合同規定的要求。 Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. 一方違約違約的損害賠償金包括因其違約而使另一方遭受損失的金額，含利潤損失。 一方違約的損害賠償金包括因其違約而使另一方遭受損失的金額，含利潤損失。 原文中的damages 是一個法律名詞，意思是“損害賠償金”，如果把它看作是damage 的復數，

3、譯為“損害”那么表意就不準確了。 Brevity: The packing and wrapping expenses shall be borne by the Buyer. 包裝費應由由買方負擔負擔。 packing and wrapping 是同義詞并用，更為嚴謹。不過在翻譯時，譯為一個詞即可。 Producers of toxic chemicals have the following options: (1) require purchasers to assume responsibility for subsequent spills, (2) deposit money in

4、 a damages escrow fund, (3) terminate production, or (4) post a conspicuous disclaimer of liability on every container. 有毒化學品的生產者具有下列選擇：（1）要求買方承擔由泄漏而造成的責任;（2）交納賠償保證金；（3）停止生產；（4）貼明顯的免責標簽于每只集裝箱上。 原文將4個可供選擇的選項用數字表示，采用了平行的動詞詞組形式，譯文也同樣選擇動詞的平行結構。 Normalization: The burden of proof rests with the defendant

5、. 證明的負擔由被告承擔。 舉證責任由被告承擔。 burden of proof 是法律英語中的專業術語，指“舉證責任”。 Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding becomes a fact, submit a writ

6、ten report to the Securities Exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public. 通過證券交易所的證券交易，投資者持有一個上市公司已發行的股份的百分之五時，應當在該事實發生之日起3日內向證券交易所作出書面報告，通知該上市公司，并予以公告。 make known to the public 這個動詞短語如果譯成“讓公眾知曉”或者“通知大家”就不能體現出法律語言的專業特征了。 Consistency: shall be prohibited shall be forbidd

7、en goods itemsPractical ExercisesThe balance shall be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 貨到目的港后即行付清余款。If any person over the age of 16 years who has the custody, charge or care of any child or young person under that age willfully assaults, ill-treats, neglects, abando

8、ns or exposes such child or young person such person shall be guilty of an offence. 任何超過16歲而對不足該年歲的兒童或少年負有看顧，照看及照顧責任的人，如故意襲擊，虐待，疏忽，拋棄或遺棄該兒童或少年也屬犯罪。Taxation shall comprise all forms of taxes, including without limitation to income tax, capital gains tax, stamp duty, tariffs, import and export duties,

9、 impositions, and all fines, fees and rates collected by the taxation authority and other authorities. 稅收包括各種形式的稅額，包括但不限于稅務局和其他主管部門征收的所得稅，資本收益稅，印花稅，關稅，進出口稅，各種征稅及一切罰金，手續費和地方稅。It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to pay taxes in accordance with the law. 中華人民共和國公民有依法納稅的義務。Citizen

10、s and juristic persons shall enjoy the right of honor. 公民，法人享有榮譽權。Chapter 2 Legal English Vocabulary and Translation Section 1 Comprehension and Translation of Formal Words The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract. 整個合同期間，本合同的附件應被理解為合

11、同的一部分。 句中be deemed 和be construed 為法律文件的正式用詞，be deemed為“被認為，視為”之意，construe有explain之意，但比其正式，譯為“應被理解”。 The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同條件中的標題和旁注不應視為合同

12、文本的一部分，在理解或解釋合同條件或合同本身時，也不應考慮這些標題和旁注。 句中construction意為explanation， 但更為正式。 If under Clause 31 the Employer employs other Contractors on the Site he shall require them to have the same regard for safety and avoidance of danger. 如果根據第31條規定，業主在現場雇用其他承包人時，業主應要求該承包人在安全和避免危險方面負有同樣的責任。 句中require 是正式用詞，比ask

13、正式。而且，require 表示上對下的要求，ask沒有這么明確，它兼有request 和require之意，但request表示下對上的要求，譯成“請求”。 The Chairman may convene an interim meeting in accordance with a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事長可根據董事會三分之一董事的提議，召集臨時董事會議。 句中convene（召集） 與interim（臨時）都是正式用詞。 The Times, Places and Manner of

14、 holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators. 每州的參議員和眾議員選舉的時間，地點與方式，應由該州議會決定。但除選舉參議員的地點外，國會可隨時依法制定或修改此類規定。 句中pres

15、cribe 是常用的法律用詞，一般在法律條文對某事做較詳細規定時使用該詞，譯成“規定”；句中的law 為不可數名詞，泛指法律（體系），by Law譯成“依法”。 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 本憲法授予的全部立法權，應屬于由參議院和眾議院組成的合眾國國會。 句中powers 是法律用詞，意為“權力”，legislative

16、powers譯成“立法權”；vest sth. in sb. 意為to give sb. the legal right or power to do sth., 譯成“授予，給予”。Practical Exercises The Employers Representative shall carry out the duties specified in the Contract. The Employers representative shall have no authority to amend the Contract. 業主代表應履行合同規定的職責。業主代表無權修改合同。 句中

17、specify 意為詳細說明(to state sth. in detail)，譯成“規定”；authority意為power, 譯成“權力”。 All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 一切征稅議案應首先在眾議院提出，但參議院可按照處理其他議案的方式，提出修正案或表示贊同。 句中concur with 意為to agree，譯成“同意，

18、贊同”。 Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 在國會開會期間，任何一院若未經另一院同意，不得休會三日以上，也不得遷移到兩院舉行集會以外的其他任何地點。 句中adjourn 意為to stop a meeting or an official period of time，譯成“延期，休會”。 The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs. 聯合國不得限制男性及女性擔任任何職務的資格，不得限制男性，女性按照平等條件在聯合國總部及分支機構中工作的資格