1、非謂語動詞III-動名詞窗體頂端1. 形式動名詞主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2. 動名詞的動詞特征和名詞特征1). 它具有動詞特征它可有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語。2). 在有些句子結構中它具有名詞特征它可以帶冠詞，可以被形容詞、代詞及名詞所有格修飾。3. 動名詞的句法功能1). 作主語e.g. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.Listening to music gives me pleasure.(主語Listening )

2、注意：主語可置于句尾：a. 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theory without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.b.用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1.There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (簡直無法與他相處)2). 作主語補語e.g. As a teacher what I hate most is

3、 cheating.My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (補語sleeping)3). 作賓語作動詞/動詞短語/介詞的賓語(置于動詞或動詞短語或介詞的后面)例如1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起來）（賓語laughing）2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.(賓語quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more.(賓語speaking)4. I'm sorry for giv

4、ing you so much trouble. (介詞for，賓語giving)5. The book is worth reading. (介詞worth, 賓語reading)6. I reached him by calling his office. (介詞by, 賓語calling)7. The police arrested(逮捕)him for speeding. (介詞for, 賓語speeding)8. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 賓語speaking)9. He

5、takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 賓語studying)注意：a) 上面三個句子中的動詞:help, avoid, practice 只能用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞還有：dislike 厭惡 admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承認 escape避免deny 否認postpone/delay延遲resent 怨恨mind 介意 miss 錯過risk 冒風險finish 完成avoid 避免delay 耽誤 consider 認為fancy 想象 excuse 原諒include 包括

6、imagine 想象resist 抵制suggest 建議 advise, allow, anticipate, avoid, dread, encourage, excuse, keep, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, risk,還有短語類：keep (on)繼續(xù) don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放棄put off 延遲leave off 停止burst out 闖出b).在demand, deserve, need, require, want等動詞后面，作賓語的動名詞表示被動的意思。e.g.

7、My shirt requires ironing.c)在下列的句子結構中，介詞 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?d). 用在固定結構中動名詞常與be worth, have difficulty/trouble (in), it be no good/ no

8、use/ worthwhile, there be no need / no point in , how / what about, whats the point of, whats the use of / be busy doing sth., spend some time/money doing sth, have a hard time (in) doing sth.,等詞組連用。4). 作定語（Attribute）動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關的動作。1. sleeping car 臥車2. walking stick 手杖3. printing s

9、hop 印務館4. reading room 閱讀室5. swimming pool泳池6. washing machine洗衣機4. 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1) 被動式(being + v-ed)當動名詞的邏輯主語所表示的是動作的對象時，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)。例如1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldnt stand being treated(被對待) like that.2）完成式 (having + v-ed)動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。例如1. We regret having be

10、en unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.3）完成式的被動語態(tài) (having been + v-ed)例如1.I heard of his having been chosen(被選為) to be the coach of the team.2.Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被對待) rudely.4）在動詞 need, want, req

11、uire, deserve 之后的動名詞（作為賓語），要用主動語態(tài)來表示被動的意思。例如1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要澆水).5 動名詞的邏輯主語(Implied Subject)在句子中，除了原有的主語之外，屬于動名詞的"主語"，也就稱為"邏輯主語"，一般位于動名詞的前面。1). 作主語的動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時, 在動名詞前加"物主代詞（如：my, his.）"或"名詞所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's.)"例如1. His com

12、ing here helped us a lot. (主語/邏輯主語his, 動名詞coming)2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主語/邏輯主語Tom,動名詞escaping)2). 作賓語(Object)的動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，在動名詞前加"物主代詞"或"名詞所有格"例如1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (邏輯主語my, 動名詞smoking)2. He insisted on Mary's st

13、aying there.(邏輯主語Mary, 動名詞staying)3). 注意：在下列情況中，不能使用所有格：a) 作為邏輯主語的名詞/代詞為無生命時例如I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （邏輯主語news）b) 代詞為 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作為邏輯主語時:例如1. I remember all of them saying it .c) 數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞（如 the three, the old.）作邏輯主

14、語時：例如1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe it.d). 結構中的邏輯主語受從句或短語修飾時：例如Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?4). 當動名詞的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的對象時，要使用被動式。例如I cant go without being invited. Exercises:1. The match was cancelled because

15、 most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A、objected to havingB、were objected to haveC、objected to haveD、were objected to having2. The traditional approach _with complex problem is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A、to dealingB、in dealingC、dealingD、to

16、deal3. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination.A、to prepareB、to be preparedC、preparingD、being prepared4. _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A、The girl was educatedB、The girl educatedC、The girls being

17、 educatedD、The girl to be educated5. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture.A、to have studentsB、for students beingC、for students to beD、to students being6. I appreciate _ to your home.A、to be invitedB、to have invitedC、having invitedD、being invited7.&

18、#160;Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A、having been finedB、to have been finedC、to be finedD、being fined8. I would appreciate _it a secret.A、your keepingB、you to keepC、that you will keepD、that you keep9. The thief took away the womans wallet without_.A、

19、being seenB、seeingC、him seeingD、seeing him10. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you.A、to be ableB、being ableC、to been ableD、of being able11. No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A、to be influencedB、being influencedC、influencingD、having influenced12. The man in the corner confessed to _a lie

20、to the manager of the company.A、have toldB、be toldC、being toldD、having told13. That young guy still denies _the fire behind the store.A、to startB、having startedC、startD、to have started14. Your hair wants _. You had better have it done now.A、cutB、to cutC、cuttingD、being cut15. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _late for his lecture.A、to have studentsB、for students' beingC、for students to beD、to students' being16. I have no objection_ your story again.A、to he