1、Section HI Grammar由關系代詞引導的限制性定語從句圖解語法脈絡由關系代詞引存的限制性定語從句定義U復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句Lwho指人，在從句中作主語.賓語,表語 口23h刈指人，在從句中作賓語 F：，whcse指人或物,在從句中作定語4.which指物，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語' 5如制指人或物.在從旬中作主語、賓語、表語代基法系的用關訶本特殊川法way作先行詞息在定語從句中作方式狀i科時美系網的確定指物時|/1先行詞為不定代詞只用ih# L 2.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾不用which，3.先行詞被【he very, thuonly等修飾的情況k4.先行

2、詞既指人乂指物感知語法規律CDA real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.：A real friend is someone who sees our tnje self, not just the face that we show to the world.®Yet these days, the modern tools that

3、 keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.“Sharing''our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter mos

4、t to us.“Liking''our friend's photos online does not develop the connection which we share.【自主發現】L句、中的定語從句中使用了關系代詞皿，在定語從句中作主語。2 .句中的定語從句使用了關系代詞whom,在定語從句中作賓語。此時，可用 who替換。3 .句、中的定語從句使用了關系代詞that,在定語從句中作主語（句）和賓 語（句）。4 .句、中的定語從句使用了關系代詞whose,在定語從句中作定語;關系代 詞whose既可以指人也可以指物。5 .句、中的定語從句使用了關系代詞wh

5、ich,在定語從句中作主語（句）和 賓語（句）。6 .從上面八個句子可以看出，關系代詞皿常用來指代人；關系代詞which常用 來指代事物；關系代詞皿既可以指人也可以指物；關系代詞whom只能用來表 示人的賓格：關系代詞whose用來表示人或物的所有格。精講語法知識-一、定語從句的定義在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先 行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、關系代詞的基本用法1 .that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴he children that are injured in the car acci

6、dent are being treated in the hospital now. 在車禍中受傷的孩子們正在醫院接受治療。There is a film （that） I'd like to see.有一部我想去看的電影。2 .which的用法which指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2, 000 years.桂林是座有2 000年歷史的城市。This is the hotel （which） I stayed at when I was travelling here.這就是我

7、在這兒旅行時住過的旅館。3 .who的用法who指人，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正在與我父親談話的那個人是警察。The professor (who) you wish to see has gone abroad.你希望見的那位教授出國了。4 .whom的用法whom指人，在從句中作賓語，有時也可用who代替。The woman whoin/who you saw just now is our English teacher.你剛才看見的那位女士是我們的英語老師。5 .whose的

8、用法(l)whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前 置所有格。This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.這就是那位聞名全國的女科學家。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一個窗子朝北的房間里。(2) "whose+名詞”可以轉化為“the+名詞+ of which/whom”,因為在此結構 中whose作前置定語，可以轉化為介詞短語of which/whom作后置定語。This is the scie

9、ntist whose name is known all over the country.f This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.He lives in a house whose door is broken., He lives in a house the door of which is broken.即時訓練1(1)用適當的關系代詞填空The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.This is the building whos

10、e windows were all painted green.The author whom/who/that you criticized in your review has written a reply.©Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.用定語從句合并句子rd like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.I'd like to take care of the child whos邑 jnothe匚 ed recently.T

11、he woman is my mother.You are looking after her.,The woman that/who/whor» yoq locking qfter is my mother.©Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.f Last week Mary wore the dress that/which gave 2 her.三、特殊用法當先行詞是way且它在定語從句中作方式狀語時，它后面定語從句的相應關系 詞用that或in which或省略關系詞。The way (that/in wh

12、ich) you look at the problem is wrong.你看待問題的方式是錯誤的。即時訓練2單句語法填空®Treat others in the way that_Zin_which/不填 you want to be treated.The reason why/foi which he didn't come was that he was ill.四、關系代詞指物時只用that不用which的情況在限制性定語從句中，關系代詞指物時只能用that而不用which的情況：1 .當先行詞是 all, little, few, anything, every

13、thing, nothing 等不定代詞時。The old man tried to write down all that he had gone through in his life.這位老人盡力把他平生經歷的事情都寫下來。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能給我點兒里面沒有糖的東西？2 .當先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級或被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.這是第一輛運行于我市的雙層公交車。Guilin is the

14、 most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游覽過的最美麗的城市。3當先行詞被the only, the very» the right等修飾時。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍巾。4 .當先行詞既有人乂有物時。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告訴我你在英 國見到的人和事嗎？包里典統用適當的關系代詞填空That is one of

15、 the most interesting books th/t are sold in the bookshop.The most interesting book that I want to read is HowVs moving castle.The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea that he has mentioned in his speech.©Women who/that drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a g

16、reater chance of having heart disease than those who don't.:Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?運用語法規則I.單句語法填空1 .The man who/that is talking with my father is a painter.2 .The professor who/that/whom you talked about yesterday has been studying in the us

17、.3 .When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family whose members always helped her.4 .1 was amazed at the number of people who/that visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.5 .The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school.6 .The International Re

18、d Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.7 .Do you have anything that is important to tell me?8 .A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that sell best.9 .Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.10 .The boys who/

19、that are playing football are all on our school team.H.用適當的關系詞補全下面的演講稿，并背誦成文Hello, everyone! It's a great pleasure for me to be here to share my English learning experience with you.1 .As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher.So the most important thing 2,that I do is to get myself

20、 interested in English.As a senior student, I get to know how to study and try my best to build up my vocabulary, 3.which is of great importance in understanding all 4.that I read or listen to.That is the reason 5,why every day I will spend some time memorizing key words.In addition, I often find so

21、me skills whenever I do more practice.In a word, if you want to improve your English in high school, you should do lots of practice.Thanks for your listening.I【.補全句子l.She was not on the train which qrrivedl jusow. 她不在剛才到達的那列火車上。1.1 once lived in the house whosj has faHe& jn.我曾經住在這所屋頂已經倒塌的房子里。3 .

22、This is the teacher (whom) wgJh©一 library.這就是我們在圖書館見到的那個老師。4 .Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們正在討論的事和人嗎？5 .This is the best movie (that) 1've ever seen.這是我看過的最好的一部電影。IV .語法填空1.present, high school students are under increasing pressure to study long hours

23、 every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school, some of 2. even have to attend extra 3. (class) in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and make their parents and teachers concerned.4. (help) solve the problem, recently, some relevant government departments have made 5.new

24、 regulation(規定)that no students shall go to school at weekends or during official holidays.We support such a refoim(改革)6.is necessary and important for us students to balance study and 7. (relax).You see, New Year's Day 8.(come), and 111 make good use of the time to relax.Also. I come to realize

25、 that 9.I can rest well, I will be able to study 10.(effective) when I come back to school.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇議論文。作者提到了現在高中生壓力大這一現象，之 后作者建議為學生提供足夠的時間休息，并讓學生們均衡學習與放松。1 .At 考查介詞。目前，高中學生正面臨著越來越大的壓力。at present目前。故填At。2 .whom 考查定語從句。介詞of后用whom指一些學生。故填whom。3 .classes 考查名詞單復數。class為可數名詞。故填classes。4 .to help 考查不定式

26、。此處用動詞不定式表目的，故填to help。5 .a 考查冠詞。regulation規定，為可數名詞；a new regulation 一項新的規定, 故填a。6 .that/which 考查關系代詞。此處為that/which在定語從句中作主語，指代reform ,故填 that/which。7 .relaxation 考查名詞。此處為and連接的兩個并列的名詞。relax的名詞是 relaxation 休息，故填 relaxation。8 .is coming 考查動詞的時態。動詞come用進行時表將來。故填is coming。9.if 考查連詞。表示假設，故填if。lO.effecti

27、vely 考查副詞。修飾動詞study用副詞。故填effectively。 援什學科素養1 .閱讀理解International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing ChinaAccording to official statistics, over 110 nations and international organizations, over 120 unofficial exhibitors, as well as 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, toge

28、ther with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have established gardens in the Expo Park, each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（園藝學）.Main scenic spots include： Core Scenic AreaInternational Pavilion（展館），China Pavilion, Plant Pavilion, Horticultural Experience Pavilion and Guirui Th

29、eater, 12 typical sites, International Horticulture, Chinese Landscape Horticulture, Horticultural Industry Development Belt, Gieat Master's Garden, and Special Gardens.The Exhibition started on April 29 and will end on October 7, 2019, lasting for 162 days and spanning three seasons including s

30、pring, summer and fall.International Horticultural ExhibitionAccording to the International Exhibitions Bureau, the world exposition can be divided into two major categories based on their nature, scale and duration（持續時 間）.One is international registered exhibitions, which are also the highest level

31、 of expos globally, such as the Shanghai World Expo 2010.The other is the international recognized exhibitions or specialized expos, such as the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019.A glance at Al-level International Horticultural ExhibitionsThe International Horticultural Exhibition （Al） is

32、a horticultural exhibition of the highest level and gieatest influence with AIPH's appioval and Bureau of Intemational Exposition's recognition.Beijmg is the second Chinese city to hold the Al-level exhibition following Kunming in Yunnan Province.Cities in the following countries have also h

33、eld the highest-level expo in the world： the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, France, Canada, the U.K., Japan, Thailand and Turkey.Among them, the Netherlands has held six AI exhibitions since 1960, followed by Germany, five.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了 2019中國北京國際園藝博覽會的相關情況。1.Different gardens and pavilions a

34、re established to show.A.the highest level of world expositionB.special skills and cultures in gardeningC.greatest influence on horticultureD.recognition from international organizations答案 B 細節理解題。根據第一段的".each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（園藝學）.”可知,不同的花園和亭子被建立來展示各具

35、 特色的園藝和園藝學。故選B。2 .The underlined word “span" is closest in meaning to.A.exploreB. spreadC.includeD.witness答案 C 詞義猜測題。根據上文“The Exhibition started on.lasting for 162 days” 結合下文“including spring , summer and fall.n可推斷，展覽包括三個季節，故 畫線詞詞義與include相近。故選C。3 .Which of the following statements is NOT right

36、?A.The International Horticulture Exhibition 2019 lasts over 5 months.8 .Kunming is the first city to hold the Ablevel exhibition in China.C.Germany ranks second in the time of holding Al-level exhibition.D.Only two kinds of world exhibition are held according to the IEB.答案 D 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段的"Acc

37、ording to the Intemational.their nature , scale and duration（持續時間）”可知，有兩大類，不是僅有兩類，D項錯 誤，故選D。BIt doesn't interest me what you do fbr a living.I want to know what you're eager for, and if you dare to dieam of meeting your heart's desire.It doesn't interest me how old you are.I want to

38、know if you will risk looking like a fool for love, for your dream, for the adventure of being alive.It doesn't interest me what planets are squaring your moon.I want to know if you have touched the center of your own sorrow, if you have been opened by lifers betrayals（背 叛）or have become depress

39、ed and closed from fear of further pain! I want to know if you can sit with pain, mine or your own, without moving to hide it or fade it* or fix it.I want to know if you can be with joy, mine or your own, if you can dance with wildness and let the wild joy fill you to the tips of your fingers and to

40、es without warning us to be careful, to be realistic, to remember the limitations of being human. It doesn't interest me if the stoiy you are telling me is true.I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself： if you can bear the scolding of betrayal and not betray your own s

41、oul； if you can be faithless and therefore trustworthy.! want to know if you can see beauty even when it's not pretty every day, and if you can gain your own life from its presence.I want to know if you can live with failure, yours and mine, and still stand on the edge of the lake and shout to t

42、he silver of the full moon, “"while failed.It doesn't interest me to know where you live or how much money you have.I want to know if you can get up, after the night of sorrow and despair, tired and hurt to the bone, and do what needs to be done to feed the children.It doesn't interest

43、me who you know or how you came here.I want to know if you will stand in the center of the fire with me and not shrink（退縮）back.It doesn't interest me where or what or with whom you have studied.I want to know what makes you continue from the inside when all else is away.I want to know if you can

44、 be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company（伙伴）you keep in the empty moments.【語篇解讀】作者通過詩歌告訴讀者：夢想在生活中的重要性。4.The author repeats the sentence “It doesn't interest me. ” to.A.arouse interest and emphasize his opinionB.present his opinions one after anotherC.show his disinterest in oth

45、erslife attitudeD.display his excellent writing skills答案A 推理判斷題。根據每一段開頭的“It doesiVt interest me”可知，重復這個句子是為了引起讀者的興趣，強調作者的觀點。故選A。5 .The missing sentence in paragraph 4 can be.A.No, it's not fail；B.No, it can't be true.C.Yes, I can!D.Yes, nothing is impossible!答案C 推理判斷題。根據句意：我想知道，你能否身處頹境,卻依然站立

46、在 湖邊對看銀色的月光喊一聲“是的,我能行”！也就是說面對失敗，說我能行。故選C。6 .The author may agree with the following opinions EXCEPT.A.Even if you're laughed at, you'll explore the possibilities of life.B.Even if you suffer a lot, you can live with suffering and still enjoy life.C.Even if you are betrayed, you still like th

47、e company you have kept.D.Even if you experience pain and sorrow, you still bear your responsibilities.答案 C 推理判斷題。根據第三段的"I want to know if you have touched.from fear of further pain ! ”可知，作者不會同意“即使你被背叛，你仍然喜歡你的同 伴。”故選C。CJimmy is an automotive mechanic （汽車修理技工），but he lost his job a few months ag

48、o.He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 a.m.and it was already 8： 30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man w

49、ildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him； he just helped someone in need

50、, and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said, uWell, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please, I insist.n Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease （油漬）on him aft

51、er the car repair»but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking

52、the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?'' Jimmy's heart sank. uWith the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview? ” He thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped ear

53、lier in the morning.lt turned out that he was the General Manager of the company.u Sorry I had to keep you waiting t but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce （職工）before you even stepped into this office.I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker.Congiat

54、iilations! ” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要描述了已失業數月的汽車技工Jimmy ,在一次去面試的途中幫助一位老者修好了汽車,在面試時意外發現老者 竟是該公司的總經理。Jimmy的熱心腸得到總經理的賞識，因此使他順利地得 到了一份工作。7 .What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A.A friend's car had a fla

55、t tyre.8 .A wild man was pushing a car.C.A terrible car accident happened.D.A11 old man's car broke down.答案 D 細節理解題。根據第二段中的he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.可知,此處只是說 老人的車拋錨了，具體什么問題，文章未提到。故選D。8 .How did Jimmy feel on hearing

56、the interviewees question?A.He was sorry for the other applicants.9 .There was no hope for him to get the job.C.He regretted helping the old man.D.The interviewer was very rude.答案B |細節理解題。根據老人的問題“你確實需要面試嗎？ ”及Jimmy的 所想 With the way I look now f how could I possibly pass this interview ?可知，以 他當時的狀態，他無

57、法通過面試。故選B。10 What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?A.Where there's a will, there's a way.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Good is rewarded with good.D.Two heads are better than one.答案C 推理判斷題。Jimmy在應聘途中無償地幫助的老人正是他去面試公司 的總經理，而后他被提供了那份工作。從這個故事中我們不難意識到：C項，善 有善報(Good is rewarded wi

58、th good)o A項“有志者,事竟成”；B項“患難見真 情”；D項“三個臭皮匠頂個諸葛亮”。故選C。 山.七選五Camping TipsCamping offers the quietness of escape. L Because exercise and the beauty of nature can help people relax from their busy life.Wliether youhe ill the woods, in the desert, or climbing mountains, you'll want to keep some survival skills in mind to make sure of a safe trip.2_ Different terrains （地勢）carry different challenges.For example» putting