1、虛擬語氣的用法總結語氣：語氣是動詞的一中形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。語氣的種類：(1)陳述語氣 表示動作或狀態是現實的，確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句，疑問句和某些感嘆句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!(2)祈使語氣 表示說話人的建議，請求，邀請，命令等。如 Open the door, Please. 應注意以下幾點：1 .主語通常是第二人稱 you,但多不出現，動詞用原形，否定用 do not或者don' t加動 詞原形 (或 be) 如 Be careful next time. Don ' t smoke

2、 here.2 .有時為了強調，主語也可以出現，而且可以是第三人稱，謂語動詞不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up.3 .祈使語氣可以用 do加強語氣 如Do come to see this Sunday.4 .在Let' s的祈使句后，疑問部分通常用shall we;在Let us后，疑問部分用 will you如 Let ' s go out for a walk after supper , shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?5 .祈使句與連詞and連用時相當于一個條件句，而a

3、nd之后則是表示結果。 如Think hardand you will have a good idea.(3)虛擬語氣 表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望，假設或推測等。如 If I were you, I should study English.一.虛擬語氣在條件從句的用法條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句；一類是非真實條件句，也就是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況是有可能發生的，就是真實條件句，謂語要用陳述語氣。如If it doesn' train tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假設的情況是過去或現在都不存在的，或將來不大可能

4、發生的， 則是虛擬條件句。如Ifhe had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣，列表如下：從句(條件句)主句(結果句)與現在事實相反的假設1)動詞過去式2) Be用 wereShouldWould +動詞原形CouldMight與過去事實相反的假設Had +分詞ShouldWould + have+ 過去分詞CouldMight與將來事實相反的假設 或實現的可能性很小1) should+ 動詞原形2) were to+動詞原形ShouldWould + 動詞原形C

5、ouldMight例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctor ' s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有時候省略if ,采用局部倒裝語序。把 had /should/were 等動詞(不包括行為動詞)移 到從句的句首。例如：Were it to rain tomorrow, our picn

6、ic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二.錯綜時間條件句有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發生的時間不一致，這時需要根據意思采用表示不同時間的動詞形式來進行調整。If she had taken the doctor ' s advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted thei

7、r terms.三.含蓄條件句1 .有時候假設的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn' t been for your help), I couldn' t have done it.2 .假設的條件通過上下文表現出來。I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day. O

8、therwise I would have taken part in the party.3 .表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。(1)省去條件從句You could have washed your clothes yourself.(你本可以自己洗衣服的。)省去了 If you had wanted to 。(事實是：你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)If my grandmother were with me!(如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事實是：祖母已不在世。四、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用“wish+賓語從句”表示不可能實現

9、的愿望，漢語可譯為“可惜、悔不該、但愿”。表示現在不能實現的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式；表示將來不可能實現的愿望用"would/could+動詞原形”；表示過去不可能實現的愿望時用“ had+過去分詞”。如：I wish I were better-looking.要是我長得再漂亮些就好了。I wish I had met the film star just now.我要是剛才遇到那位電影明星該多好啊！I wish I would be a solider.我想當一名軍人。【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beaut

10、iful garden!(上海 2002 春)A. has B. hadC. will have D. had had【答案】B在表示建議、要求、愿望、命令、堅持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等動詞后面的賓語從句，或這些動詞的同源名詞后面所跟的同位語從句或表語從句中，從句謂語用“ should+動詞原 形”，其中在美國英語中，should常省略。如：The young man insisted that I (shoul

11、d) go with his fellows.這個年輕人堅持要我同他的同伴們一起去。The doctor advised that he change his job.醫生建議他換工作。【考例】 Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles toschool for safety.( 福建 2010)A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustn ' t allowD. couldn ' t allow【答案】A在would rather后的賓語從句中，謂語常常用

12、過去時來表示現在或將來的情況，用過去 完成時表示過去的情況。如：-Shall I open the window?一I' d rather you didn【考例】George is going to talk我可以把窗戶打開嗎 ？ 't.我覺得還是不要。on its culture.(A. focusC. would focus【答案】R在It is +江蘇about the geography of his country, but I ' d rather he more 2010)B. focusedD. had focused形容詞 (important, n

13、ecessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural,proper, funny, strange, surprising)動詞原形”的結構。如：It is natural that she (should) do so.【考例】 Don' t you think it necessary that he+that從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“(should)+很自然她應該這樣做。-I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.(to Miami but to New York?江蘇2005)A. wi

14、ll not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what【答案】R五、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的應用B. not be sent; thatD. should not send; what1. if only的條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣if only與I wish 一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所接虛擬語氣的時態與 后所接時態的情況相同。如：If only the player had had more courage!這位選手再多有一些勇氣就好了。If only Daisy would go with me!黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了！wish【考例

15、】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.(上海2003春)A. followedC. had followed【答案】G2. as if (as though) as if (as though)B. would followD. should follow方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣引導的方式狀語從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。(1) as if從句用陳述語氣的情況。當說話者所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時。如:It sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。(2) as if從句用虛擬語氣

16、的情況。當說話人認為句子所述的是不真實的或極少有可能發生或存在的情況時。時態的形式如下：從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。如：從句虛擬語氣動詞He talks as if he knew where she was.他說話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過似的。從句表示將來發生的可能性不大，謂語動詞用"would (could, might) +動詞原形”。如：It looks as if

17、 it might snow.看起來好像要下雪了。3.目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)以in order that, so that 引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語多用could/might+ 動詞原形，在口語中常用 can/could+動詞原形She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that 和in case引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用( should )+動詞原形。She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it sho

18、uld rain.六.其他形式的虛擬語氣1. It ' s time that句型中的虛擬語氣在It ' s time that 句型中，從句謂語通常用一般過去時或should+動詞原形(should 不能省略)，其意為“(早)該做某事了”。如：It ' s high time that we were off.是我們該走的時候了。2 .在 would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer結構中，也用虛擬語氣。共同特點是：從句中動詞用一般過去時，表示現在或將來要做的事；用過去完成時，則表示

19、過去的情況。I ' d rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary.3 .表示“祝愿”時，常用“ may +主語+動詞原形+其它”。如：May you have a good journey!祝你一路順風！May your youth last forever!祝你青春永駐！ 強化訓練1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked int

20、o the tree.A. If the driver wereB. Had the driver beenC. Should the driver beD.If the driver would have been2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because of D. As for3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice!A. li

21、sten toB. would listen to C. had listened toD. have listened to4. Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he our monitor now.D. would beD. did have wonA. must have been B. would have been C. were5. If the athlete won today, he eight races in a game.A. would have won B. wonC. must hav

22、e won6. It is time that our mayor measures to protect the poor in the street.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking7. If I had read the report, I you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. wouldhave told8. It s a pity you didn t won the competition. I had had more practice.A. If only

23、 B. As if C. If notD. As withKey: 1-5 BBCDA 6-8 BAA虛擬語氣專項練習60 題1. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not

24、let me drive. If we in turn, you so tiredA. drove; didn t getB. drove; wouldn t getC. were driving; woul dn t get D. had driven ; wouldn t have got4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person to be put into pr

25、isonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if itA. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with himA. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. h

26、e should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I would rather she me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up ? -Yes, but I busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I the sports me

27、etA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were itnot for12. If my lawyer here last Sunday, he me from goingA. had been, wou

28、ld have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Ha

29、d he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right nowA. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met mybrotherD. had comeA. has come B. did come C. come17. He busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had he

30、lped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would havehelped D. were, would have helped18. If it for the snow, wethe mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climb C. had not been, couldhave climbedD. hadn t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life quite difficult

31、 todayA. is B. will be C. would have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon as you her about itA. didn t tellB. don t tell C. hadn t tell D. won t tell21. Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he homeA. stayed B. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requeste

32、d that the play againA. should put on B. would put onC. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessnessYes, but itA. I d rather not do B. I d rather not have doneC. I should t do D. I d better not

33、 do25. If only I _my carA. hadn t lostB. wouldn t loseC. didn t loseD.haven t lost26. But for water, it impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would be C. wereD. wouldn t be27. I would rather you anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didn t do C. don t D. didn t28. The kind-hearted couple tr

34、eat the orphan very well as though he their ownsonA. is B. wereC. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they young once moreA. wereB. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief c

35、losed his eyes he dyingA. even if , was B. though, would beC. even, had been D. as if,were32. I wish that you such a bad headache because I am sure that you would haveenjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have hadC. hadn t hadD. hadn t have33. The chairman insisted that we the question againA. wi

36、ll discussB. to discussC. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students them get in cropsA. helpB. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rulesA. obeys B. ObeyC. will obey D. would obeyD.36. I wish I here then A. wasB. had been C. we

37、rewould be37. It is strange that he back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. didB. do C. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting off till nest SundayA. be put B. putC. should putD. had been

38、put40. He is talking so much about America as if he thereA. had been B. has been C. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. - Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to Don t call me “ Joe” , I am Mr. Parker to you, and

39、you forget it!A. do B. didn t C. didD. don t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I but I all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had tried B.

40、hadn t tried C. have tried D. didn t try delayed45. How could I thank you enough?A. must do B. could do C. would have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq actionto allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayed B. is, delayDon t mention it. Any other manitD. should have dones co -operation

41、good and militaryC. should be, be delayed D. is , be47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customersfrom the company is that the goods right to theirhomes.A. requested, deliver B. dem

42、and, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers the society will be in disorderA. made unpunished B. came unpunishedC. wentunpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we lateA. would be B. wereC. will be D. would have been51. Supposing he never, what would happen thenA. come B. came C. would come D. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you rightA. will be B. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you k