1、【精品文檔】如有侵權，請聯系網站刪除，僅供學習與交流初中英語句子成分及練習.精品文檔.英語句子成分英語句子與漢語句子一樣，都是由單詞按照一定的規則所組成的。不同的詞類在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同詞類在句中可充當哪些成分，才能正確分析、理解句子的含義，并能準確地遣詞造句，逐漸達到流利地說出地道的英語。 【問】什么是句子成分？英語句子包含哪些成分？【答】組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語等。【問】各成分在句中的作用如何？分別由哪些詞及短語充當？ 【答】1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式或

2、動名詞等充當。如：The car is running fast.(名詞)We are students.(代詞)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數詞)It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(動名詞)【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。2.謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動詞充當。動詞分為實義動詞、連系動詞、情態動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語，連系動詞

3、與表語一起構成謂語，情態動詞與省略to的不定式構成合成謂語，助動詞與動詞原形共同構成謂語部分。如：He works in a factory.(實義動詞)I felt cold.(系動詞表語)How can I get to the station？(情態動詞實義動詞)Do you speak English？(助動詞實義動詞)They are working in a field.(助動詞實義動詞)【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數方面要相互照應。3.賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動名詞等充當。如：He is doing his homework.(名詞)They did

4、 nothing this morning.(代詞)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(動名詞)【注意】有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(間賓直賓)直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當的介詞如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓間賓)

5、Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓間賓)有的動詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。這類動詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動詞有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window？有的動詞后接不定式與動名詞含義不同。a)forget to do表示“未發生

6、的動作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動作”。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)b)stop to do(不定式為狀語)表示“停下原來的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來與他談話。)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進來時學生們停止談話。)4.定語：用于修

7、飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數詞、不定式等充當。如：What a beautiful kite it is！(形容詞)She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)There are two students in the classroom.(數詞)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。5.狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當。單個副

8、詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副詞)I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：He is old enough to go to school.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數詞、形容詞、分詞等充當

9、。常用的連系動詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：They are workers.(名詞)Two and three is five.(數詞)The story is very interesting.(形容詞)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動名詞)She is at home.(介詞短語)I feel terrible.(形容詞)The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)7.賓語補足語：用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一

10、起構成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當。如：We elected him monitor.(名詞)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語)He is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現在分詞)句子成分精講句

11、子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等。主要成分：主語和謂語1、主語 一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。主語的位置： 一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、數詞或相當于名詞的詞、短語等充當。The school is far from here. 名詞做主語She goes to school by bike. 代詞做主語Eight is a lucky number. 數詞做主語The blind need more help. 名詞化的形容詞做主語There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語Predicting the future is interesting.

12、 動名詞做主語To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短語做主語2、謂語表示人或事物(主語)的動作和存在的狀態.英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞來充當謂語動詞句子的時態和語態是通過謂語表現出來。 謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的助動詞或情態動詞加上主要動詞構成。分析句子的主語和謂語Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表語用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質、狀態。表語的位置用在動詞be和系動詞的后面。名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系

13、動詞一起構成復合謂語。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常見的系動詞1. be動詞2. 與感覺有關的動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示狀態變化的動詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等上述兩類詞作連系動詞時要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。4、賓語 是動作的對象或承受者。及物動詞必須跟賓語.及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞. 賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構成.I

14、saw a plane in the sky just now. 名詞做賓語I want three. 數詞做賓語I like going shopping. 動名詞做賓語We think predicting the future is hard. 賓語從句5、賓語補足語（賓補）有些及物動詞除了要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補足語。如果沒有補足語(賓補), 有時候句子的意思就不完整。充當賓補的有:1. 形容詞作賓語補足語The sun keeps us warm.2. 介詞短語作賓語補足語: I found her in the room.3. 副詞作賓語補足語。 Please let h

15、im in.4. 名詞作賓語補足語。We made him monitor of the class.5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補足語。I asked him to come.6、定語定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的的)1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名詞作定語: Is it a color film?名詞作定語一般用單數形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外

16、,如: sports meeting, clothes shopman 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復數,它們總以復數的形式作定語,如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代詞作定語: This song is better than that one.4. 數詞作定語: There are only thirty students in our class.帶有數字的復合形容詞.當復合形容詞用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):Do you know

17、 the young man over there?6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):The students in our class like swimming.7、狀語 修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句, 用以說明地點, 時間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結果, 條件, 讓步等.1. 副詞作狀語: The old man is walking slowly. 表方式 The boy is very clever. 表程度2. 介詞短語作狀語: I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表時間3. 不定式作狀語I come here

18、 to see you. 表目的4. 現在分詞作狀語The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 狀語從句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.狀語的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.為了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, ha

19、rdly, never,用于行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態動詞后I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only on

20、e song.兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序1. 地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞She sang very well at the meeting last night.時間和地點狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強調或使上下文更為連貫Usually I read the news

21、papers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.劃分句子成分練習題（1）1.They are working on the farm now.2.Seeing is believing3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4.She became a doctor in 19985.The book lying on the floor are mine6.Suddenly it begins to rain7.To catch the train ,I got up earl

22、y yesterday8.I always find her happy9.He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She watched her daughter playing the pia

23、no.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.答案：1They(主語） are working（系表結構做謂語） on the farm（地

24、點狀語） now（時間狀語）. 2.Seeing（動詞ing做主語）is（謂語） believing （賓語）3.All of us（主語） like （謂語）Kobe Bryant （賓語）very much （程度副詞狀語）4.She（主語） became（謂語） a doctor （賓語）in 1998 （時間狀語）5.The book（主語） lying on the floor（補語） are（謂語） mine （賓語）6.Suddenly （狀語）it（形式主語） began to rain （謂語）7.To catch the train ,（目的狀語）I（主語） got up

25、（謂語）early yesterday （時間狀語）8.I（主語） always find（謂語） her （賓語）happy （狀語）9.He （主語）wonders （謂語）if I （條件句中的主語）still study（條件句中的謂語） English （條件句中的賓語）整個條件句做主干的賓語10.The letter（主語） which I received the day before yesterday（定語從句） was（謂語） a friend of mine （賓語） 1.We always work hard at English。主語 狀語 謂語 狀語 狀語2. He

26、 said he didn't come. 主句主語 主句謂語 從句主語 從句謂語3.They love each other. 主 謂語 賓語4.What did you bye? 賓 助動詞 主 謂5.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主 謂 賓 賓語補足語6.your job today is to help the old. 主 定語 系動詞 表語7.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主 謂 賓8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had

27、left. 時間狀語從句 主句主語 主句謂語9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語 狀語their marriage.10.It takes me an hour to get there.形式主語 謂語 賓語 真正主語英語句子成分練習（2）(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 (4分，4分鐘) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old ma

28、n coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) I don't like the picture on the wall.    A. don't         

29、     B. like                C. picture       D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.    A. get       &

30、#160;          B. longer            C. days   D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?    A. Do            

31、60;   B. usually            C. go             D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.    A. will be     

32、;      B. meeting          C. the library      D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did              &#

33、160; B. twins           C. have        D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.    A. Tom             B. didn&#

34、39;t            C. do         D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.    A. want            B. to tell  &#

35、160;          C. you          D. is We had better send for a doctor.    A. We              B. had    

36、0;        C. send       D. doctor He is interested in music.    A. is                 B. interested     &

37、#160; C. in         D. music Whom did you give my book to?    A. give             B. did               &#

38、160;  C. whom        D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasn't done his homework.A        B      C           D People all over th

39、e world speak English.     A     B                C                    D You mus

40、t pay good attention to your pronunciation.A         B              C          D How many new words did you learn last class?A   &

41、#160;   B   C    D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?           A                  &

42、#160;                        B                 C        

43、0;      D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A                      B         C     

44、60;  D They made him monitor of the class.A      B     C      D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A            B  &#

45、160;                     C             D You will find it useful after you leave school.A     B    &

46、#160;       C     D They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A           B          C     &#

47、160;               D(四) 挑出下列句中的表語 (5分，5分鐘) The old man was feeling very tired.   A             B        C   &#

48、160;        D Why is he worried about Jim?A        B      C       D The leaves have turned yellow. A           B

49、60;       C       D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A           B              C    &

50、#160;         D She was the first to learn about it. A         B       C         D(五) 挑出下列句中的定語 (6分，6分鐘) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family n

51、ame.   A     B                                C        D What is your given

52、 name?A    B           C      D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A     B  C              D I am

53、afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A       B       C                    D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A 

54、0;           B                  C        D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A     &

55、#160; B                     C                D(六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 (6分，6分鐘) She likes the children to read newspapers a

56、nd books in the reading-room.             A          B                       

57、60;  C                                             D He asked her to t

58、ake the boy out of school. A     B            C                   D She found it difficult to do the work.A    

59、;  B     C               D They call me Lily sometimes.  A    B   C       D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A  B   &#

60、160;      C               D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?   A               

61、0; B                     C                     D(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分， 8分鐘） There was a big smile on

62、 her face.A      B          C             D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.   A           &

63、#160;    B          C           D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A       B          C 

64、0;                 D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A               B         

65、0;              C              D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.   A          &

66、#160;                        B    C       D She loves the library because she loves books. A     B  

67、        C                     D I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A       B     

68、;               C                         D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A &

69、#160;          B                C                       

70、0;D(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 (5分，5分鐘) Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案 (一) teacher man dictionary   To do(二) B   A    C

71、60;    A     C   C     D     C   A     A       (三) D    D    B    A     B   D

72、60;    C      D   A     D(四) D     B      D     C     B(五) C     C     A B     B 

73、0;  D(六) C     C     C   C   D   B(七) D      A     D     D   A   D   C   D(八) us, 間接賓語   a story, 直接賓語 me

74、, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語     message, 直接賓語英語:句子成分什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關系，按照不同的關系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當。現代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（att

75、ribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補語（complement）。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補）基本句型 一： （主謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語：謂語由動詞構成，是英語時態、語態變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結構，如：We come.

76、此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動詞） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關系。 7. They talked for half an hour.

77、 他們談了半個小時。 8. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯系動詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel go

78、od/感覺好，smell bad/難聞 （是系動詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們缺少錢。7. Our well has gone d

79、ry. 我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。There be 結構： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。 此結構后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物 試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個男孩。）/前一個there無實意，后一個there為副詞那里。 基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構成一樣，不同的是

80、構成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等 （及物動詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said "Good morning." 他說："早上好！"7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認犯了錯誤。基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接