1、中英文對照1 antichymotrypsin 1抗糜蛋白1 antitrypsin1抗胰蛋白a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep- propionate, AMPAa-氨基-3-羥基-5-甲基-4-異惡唑-丙酸-ketoglutarate 酮戊二酸鹽2-microglobulin2微球蛋白g-aminobutyric acid, GABAg-氨基丁酸1a-hydroxylase1a-羥化酶1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ，1,25-OH2D31,25-二羥基維生素D31,2-diacylglycerol , DAG甘油二酯1,4,

2、5-inositol triphosphate, IP3三磷酸肌醇acetylcholine, Ach乙酰膽堿acidosis酸中毒acromegaly肢端肥大癥action potential duration, APD動作電位時程Activated protein C resistance, APCRAPC抵抗Acute phase proteins急性期蛋白acute renal failure，ARF 急性腎功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome急性呼吸窘迫綜合征acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急

3、性呼吸窘迫綜合征acute tubular necrosis，ATN 急性腎小管壞死adalylate cyclase, AC腺苷酸環化酶adenine nucleotide腺瞟呤核苷adhesion molecule粘附分子adrenocortical insufficiency腎上腺皮質功能不全advanced glycosylation end product, AGE 晚期糖基化終末產物agonosia失認airway closure氣道閉合albuminuria 蛋白尿aldosterone 醛固酮aliphatic amines脂肪胺alkalosis堿中毒allergical p

4、urpura過敏性紫癜Alzheimers disease, AD阿爾茨海默病a-melanocyte stimulating hormone, a-MSHa-黑素細胞刺激素ammonia氨Ammonia intoxication氨中毒ammonium，NH4+銨amyloid precursor protein, APP淀粉樣前體蛋白amyloidosis淀粉性變性病anaphylactic shock過敏性休克anasarca全身性水腫anatomic shunt解剖分流anemia貧血angiotensin血管緊張素angiotensin II receptor antagonists，

5、Ang II RA 血管緊張素II受體拮抗劑angiotensin II，Ang II 血管緊張素IIangiotensinase血管緊張肽酶angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI 血管緊張素轉換酶抑制劑angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE 血管緊張素轉換酶anion gap (AG)陰離子間隙ankyrin錨蛋白anorexia食欲減退antidiuretic hormone， ADH抗利尿激素anti-inflammatory mediator抗炎介質AntithrombinIII(ATIII)抗凝血酶I

6、IIanuria無尿aphasia失語apolipoprotein E, apoE載脂蛋白Eapoptosis凋亡apoptosis activating factor(apaf-1)凋亡激活因子apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)凋亡誘導因子apraxia失用aquaporins (AQPs)水通道蛋白arachidonic acid，AA花生四烯酸arginine vasopressin (AVP)精氨酸加壓素aromatic amino acids芳香族氨基酸arrhythmmias心律失常arteriosclerosis動脈硬化ascending reticul

7、ar activating system, ARAS上行激動系統ascending reticular inhibiting system, ARIS上行抑制系統ascites腹水ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)共濟失調性毛細血管擴張突變ATP-sensitive K+ channels, KATPATP敏感的鉀通道atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)心房利鈉多肽autocrine自分泌autoimmune disease自身免疫性疾病auto-transfusion自我輸血(液)azotemia 氮質血癥basement me

8、mbrane基底膜BaxBcl-2 familyBcl-2 家族behavioral temperature regulations行為性體溫調節bicarbonate buffer system碳酸氫鹽緩沖系bicarbonate reclamation碳酸氫鹽回收bicarbonate regeneration碳酸氫鹽再生成bioactive substances生物活性物質blood brain barrier (BBB)血腦屏障blood urea nitrogen ， BUN血液尿素氮body fluids體液bradykinin緩激肽brain stem reticular for

9、mation腦干網狀結構brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF腦源性神經營養因子branch chain amino acids支鏈氨基酸buffer system緩沖系統burn shock燒傷性休克butylene glycol,丁二醇cachexia惡病質calcitonin (CT)降鈣素calcium overload鈣超載calcium paradox鈣反常carbamidine胍carbon dioxide anaesthenia 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide ， CO一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase， CA碳酸酐

10、酶carboxyhemoglobulinemia碳氧血紅蛋白血癥cardiac dilatation心室擴張cardiac hypertrophy心肌肥大cardiac output心排出量cardiogenic shock心源性休克caspase半胱氨酸天冬酶cast管型，脫落物catalase過氧化氫酶catecholamines, Cas兒茶酚胺CDK inhibitors (CKIs)細胞周期素依賴性激酶抑制因子cell apoptosis細胞凋亡cell cycle細胞周期cell differentiation細胞分化cell proliferation細胞增殖central ve

11、nous pressure, CVP中心靜脈壓cerebral cortex大腦皮層Ceruloplasmin銅藍蛋白checkpoint細胞周期檢查點cholecystokinin, CCK膽囊收縮素cholera霍亂choline acetyltransferase膽堿乙酰轉移酶chronic alcoholism慢性酒精中毒chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性腎功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF睫狀神經營養因子circulatory hypoxia循環性缺氧clearance rate of endogenous creatin

12、ine內生肌酐清除率cognitive disorder認知障礙collecting ducts集合管colloid osmotic pressure膠體滲透壓coma昏迷Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, CARS代償性抗炎反應綜合征concentric hypertrophy向心性肥大confusion精神錯亂confusion意識混濁conscious disorder意識障礙consciousness意識corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)促腎上腺皮質激素釋放激素C-reactive

13、 proteinC-反應蛋白creatinine肌氨酸酐Creutzfeldt Jokob disease, CJD海綿狀腦病crosstalk交叉對話crush syndrom擠壓綜合癥cyanate氰酸鹽cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)環磷酸腺苷cyclin細胞周期素cyclin-dependent kinases(CDK)細胞周期素依賴性激酶cyclooxygenases環加氧酶cylindruria管型尿cysteine-aspartic acid- proteases，caspase半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸-蛋白酶cytochrome C細胞色素c

14、cytoplasmic apoptosome胞漿凋亡體dead space like ventilation死腔樣通氣death receptor死亡受體death signal死亡信號delayed afterdepolarization延遲后除極delirium譫妄dementia癡呆desensitization減敏diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis糖尿病酮癥酸中毒diabetic nephropathy糖尿病腎病diamine oxidase二胺氧化酶diarrhea腹瀉，痢疾diastolic failure舒張性心衰differen

15、tiation-inducing drugs分化誘導藥物diffusion disorder彌散障礙disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC彌散性血管內凝血distal convoluted tubules 遠曲小管distress劣性應激Distributive shock分布性休克disturbance in executive functioning失行disulfide (disulphide)， -SS-二硫化合物，二硫鍵DNA methylationDNA甲基化Dopamine多巴胺dopamine decarboxylase多巴胺脫羧

16、酶dopaminergic neurons多巴胺能神經元dopamine-hydroxylase多巴胺羥化酶down-regulate下調dyspnea呼吸困難eccentric hypertrophy離心性肥大ecchymosis瘀斑edema水腫electrolyte電解質emaciate消瘦，憔悴end-diastolic pressure舒張末期壓力endocrine內分泌endogenous pyrogens內生致熱原endonuclease核酸內切酶endothelial cell內皮細胞endothelin，ET 內皮素Endothelium derived vasoactive

17、 mediators內皮源性血管活性介質endotoxemia內毒素血癥endotoxic shock內毒素休克endotoxin內毒素end-stage renal failure 腎衰末期epidermal growth factor , EGF表皮生長因子,上皮生長因子equal pressure point等壓點erythropoietin ，EPO 促紅細胞生成素essential hypertension 原發性高血壓eustress良性應激excitatory neurotransmitter興奮性神經遞質excitatory toxicity 興奮性毒性excoriation表

18、皮脫落exogenous pyrogens外致熱原expiratory dyspnea呼氣性呼吸困難extracellular fluid細胞外液extracellular matrix，ECM 細胞外基貭extracellular signal regulated kinase, ERK細胞外信號調節激酶false neurotransmitters假性神經遞質familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis家族性低鉀性周期性麻痹fever發熱fibroblast growth factor; FGF 纖維母細胞生長因子fibroblasts纖維原細胞，纖維母細

19、胞fixed acid固定酸forward mode正向轉運Frank-Starling mechanism弗-斯機制free radical自由基fulminant hepatic failure爆發性肝功能衰竭functional shunt功能性分流gamma-aminobutyric acid-氨基丁酸General adaptation syndrome (GAS)全身適應綜合征gigantism巨人癥glia-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF膠質源性神經營養因子glomerular filtration rate ,GRF 腎小球濾過率glomer

20、ular hyperfiltration hypothesis腎小球過渡濾過假說glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient腎小球超濾系數glomerular-tubular imbalance球管失平衡glomerulonephritis腎小球腎炎glomerulosclerosis 腎小球硬化glucagon胰高血糖素glucose autooxidation 葡萄糖自氧化glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸Glutamate谷氨酸glutaminase谷氨酰胺酶glutathione peroxidase谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶glycation糖化glyc

21、osylation糖基化gout痛風growth hormone, GH生長激素guanidine compound 胍類化合物guanidinesuccinic acid胍基琥珀酸guanylin鳥苷素guanylyl cyclase, GC鳥苷酸環化酶HCO3-碳酸氫鹽濃度heart failure心衰Heat shock proteins (HSP)熱休克蛋白heat-shock factor ( HSF.)熱休克因子heavy metals重金屬hematomas血腫hematuria 血尿heme oxygenase， HO 血紅素加氧酶hemic hypoxia血液性缺氧hemoc

22、hromatosis血色素沉著病hemorrhagic shock失血性休克Henderson-Hasselbalch equationHenderson-Hasselbalch 公式Henle's loop亨利氏襻hepatic encephalopathy(HE)肝性腦病Hepatic failure肝功能衰竭Hepatic insufficiency肝功能不全hepatorenal syndrome（HRS）肝腎綜合征high altitude pulmonary edema高原肺水腫high output heart failure高輸出量性心衰Histamine組胺histo

23、genous hypoxia組織性缺氧homeostasis穩態Huntington disease神經性舞蹈病hydrogen peroxide過氧化氫hydrophobicity疏水性hydrops積水hydrostatic pressure流體靜壓hydroxyl radicals, OH·羥自由基hydroxylations羥基化作用hyperaldosteronism醛固酮過多癥Hyperarousal喚起、警覺過度hypercalcemia高鈣血癥hypercapnia高碳酸血癥hypercapnic respiratory failure高碳酸血癥性呼吸衰竭hyperc

24、ontracture過度攣縮hyperglycemia 高糖血癥hyperkalemia高鉀血癥hyperkalemic periodic paralysis高鉀性周期性麻痹hyperlipidemia高脂血癥hypermagnesemia高鎂血癥hypernatremia高鈉血癥hyperphosphatemia高磷血癥hyperpolarization blocking超級化阻滯hypersensitivity增敏hypertensive nephrosclerosis高血壓性腎硬化hyperthermia過熱hypertonic dehydration高滲性脫水hypertrophy肥大

25、hyperventilation過度通氣hypocalcemia低鈣血癥Hypoglycemia低血糖癥Hypokalemia低鉀血癥hypomagnesemia低鎂血癥hyponatremia低鈉血癥hypoperfusion低灌注hypophosphatemia低磷血癥hyposthenuria 低滲尿Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺皮質軸hypotonic dehydration低滲性脫水hypotonic hypoxemia低張性低氧血癥hypotonic hypoxia低張性缺氧hypovolumic

26、 shock低血容量性休克hypoxemic respiratory failure低氧血癥性呼吸衰竭hypoxia缺氧hypoxic cell damage缺氧性細胞損傷hypoxic encephalopathy缺氧性腦病hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPV)缺氧性肺血管收縮Hysteria癔癥IL-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1raIL-1受體拮抗劑inappetence食欲不振independent risk factors 獨立風險因子indoles吲哚infectious shock感染性休克inhibitor of apop

27、tosis(IAP)凋亡抑制蛋白inosine次黃嘌呤核苷，肌苷inspiratory dyspnea吸氣性呼吸困難insulin growth factor; IGF 胰島素生長因子insulin like growth factor-1，IGF-1胰島素樣生長因子-1insulin receptor substrate 1/2, IRS-1/2胰島素受體底物1/2insulin-dependent diabetes胰島素依賴性糖尿病intact nephron hypothesis 健存腎單位假說intercellular adhesion molecucle-1, ICAM-1細胞間粘附

28、分子-1interferons (IFNs)干擾素interleukin白細胞介素interleukin-1, IL-1白介素-1internal environment內環境interstitial fibrosis 間貭纖維化interstitial fluid組織間液intracellular fluid細胞內液intracrine內在分泌intraglomerular capillary pressure 腎小球毛細血管血壓intrarenal acute renal failure腎性急性腎功能衰竭Intrusion煩擾ischemia injury缺血性損傷ischemia-rep

29、erfusion injury缺血-再灌注損傷Ischemic hypoxia stage缺血缺氧期isohydric principle等H+原則isosthenuria等滲尿isotonic dehydration等滲性脫水isotonic hypoxemia等張性低氧血癥Janus kinase, JAKJAK激酶juxtaglomerular apparatus 近球小體，球旁器juxtaglomerular cells近球細胞，球旁器細胞kallikrein kinin prostaglandin system, KKPGS 激肽釋放酶-激肽-前列腺素系統kininogen 激肽原l

30、eft ventricular (LV) failure左心衰竭lethargy嗜睡，無生氣leukotrienes白三烯lipid peroxidation脂質過氧化lipochromes脂色素lipopolysaccharide, LPS脂多糖lipoxygenase脂加氧酶Locus ceruleus(LC)-norepinephrine neurons(NE)-sympathetic/adrenal medulla axis藍斑-去甲腎上腺素神經元-交感/腎上腺髓質軸low output heart failure低輸出量性心衰lupus erythematosus紅斑狼瘡lysoph

31、ospholipids溶血磷脂lysosomic enzymes溶酶體酶macrophage-inflammatory protein-1b (MIP-1b)巨噬細胞炎癥蛋白-1bmacula densa致密斑maldistributive shock分布異常性休克malignant hypertension惡性高血壓malondialdehyde丙二醛mechanical ventilation 機械通氣medullary thick ascending limb, mTAL 髓襻升支粗段Memory 記憶mesangial cell 腎小球系膜細胞mesangium系膜metabolic

32、acidosis代謝性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis代謝性堿中毒methemoglobulinemia變性血紅蛋白血癥methylguanidine甲基胍Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia微血管病性溶血性貧血microcirculatory disturbances微循環障礙microtubule微管middle molecules中分子mineralocorticoid receptor ，MCR鹽皮質激素受體mitogen-activated protein kinase絲裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed acid-base disorders混合性

33、酸堿失衡mixed antagonist response syndrome, MARS混合性拮抗反應綜合征molecular chaperone 分子伴娘monoamine neurotransmitter單胺類神經遞質multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS多器官功能障礙綜合征multiple organ failure, MOF多器官衰竭myocardial depressant factor, MDF心肌抑制因子myocardial hypertrophy心肌肥大myocardial stunning心肌頓抑myofilament肌絲myoin

34、ositol肌醇Na+/Ca2+ exchanger鈉鈣交換蛋白Na+/H+ exchanger鈉氫交換蛋白natriuretic peptide尿鈉肽nausea惡心，暈船necrosis壞死necrotic lesion 壞死性損傷nephrotoxic lesion 腎毒性損傷neurogenic shock神經源性休克neuroglia膠質細胞neuron神經元neuropeptide神經肽neurotensin神經降壓肽neurotransmitter神經遞質neutrophil嗜中性粒細胞nitric oxide synthase一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮

35、N-methyl-D-aspatateN-甲基-D-門冬氨酸non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus, NIDDM非胰島素依賴性糖尿病nonoliguric ARF非少尿型急性腎功能衰竭nonvolatile acid非揮發酸nor protein nitrogen， NPN非蛋白氮no-reflow phenomenon無復流現象Norepinephrine去甲腎上腺素normocytic normochromic anemia正常紅細胞正常色素性貧血nuclear factor B, NF-B核因子Bobstructive shock阻塞性休克obst

36、ructive ventilatory disorder阻塞性通氣障礙oliguria 少尿oncotic pressure膠體滲透壓organ failure stage器官衰竭期organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT)下丘腦終板血管器orthopnea端坐性呼吸困難osteitis fibrosa纖維性骨炎osteomalacia骨軟化osteoporosis骨質疏松癥osteosclerosis骨硬化oxalic acid草酸oxidative stress氧化應激oxidized glutathione， GSSG 氧化谷胱甘肽oxyge

37、n burst氧爆發oxygen capacity (CO2max)氧容量oxygen consumption rate耗氧率oxygen content (CO2)氧含量oxygen free radical氧自由基oxygen intoxication氧中毒oxygen paradox氧反常Oxygen saturation (SO2)氧飽和度oxygen therapy氧療P53PaCO2動脈血二氧化碳分壓paracrine旁分泌paradoxical aciduria反常性酸性尿paradoxical alkaline urine反常性堿性尿parathyroid hormone, P

38、TH 甲狀旁腺激素Parkinson disease帕金森病partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)氧分壓perfusion灌注periarteritis nodosa動脈周圍炎permeability通透性peroxidation過氧化peroxynite (ONOO-)過氧亞硝酸鹽Peroxynitrite anion, ONOO-過氧亞硝酸陰離子pHpHpH paradoxpH反常phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphophate, PIP2磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸phosphatidylinositol system磷脂酰肌醇系統phosphoins

39、itol 3 kinase, PI3K磷脂酰肌醇3激酶phospholipase磷脂酶phospholipase C, PLC磷脂酶Cphosphorylation磷酸化physiological temperature regulation 生理性體溫調節pitting edema凹陷性水腫Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)纖溶酶原激活物抑制物platelet-activating factor, PAF血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor; PDGF 血小板源性生長因子polyamines多胺polycystic

40、 kidney多囊腎polycythemia紅細胞增多癥polymorphonuclear leukocyte多形核白細胞polyuria多尿POMC前阿黑皮原portal hypertension門靜脈高壓癥portal systemic encephalopathy（PSE）門脈系統腦病postrenal acute renal failure腎后性急性腎功能衰竭post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)創傷后應激障礙potassium deficit缺鉀precipitating factor誘因preoptic area of the anterior

41、hypothalamus (POAH)視前區前下丘腦prerenal acute renal failure腎前性急性腎功能衰竭Presenilin,PS早老蛋白pressure overload壓力負荷過度primary aldosteronism ，PA原發性醛固酮增多癥prion protein, PrP朊蛋白programmed cell death程序性細胞死亡progressive renal disease進行性腎疾患proinflammatory cytokines致炎細胞因子proinflammatory mediators促炎介質prostaglandin前列腺素prost

42、atic hypertrophy甲狀腺肥大protein buffer system蛋白質緩沖系Protein C(PC)蛋白Cprotein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cprotein kinase G, PKG蛋白激酶 Gprotein kinase, PK蛋白激酶protein phosphatases蛋白磷酸酯酶Protein S(PS)蛋白Sprotein tyrosine phosphatase蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶proteinuria蛋白尿proximal convoluted tubules近曲小管pseudohypoparathyroidism, PHP假性甲狀旁腺功能減

43、退癥P-substanceP物質psychosocial dwarf心因性侏儒psychosocial short stature社會心理(心因性)矮小狀態pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PAWP肺動脈楔入壓pulmonary edema肺水腫pulmonary encephalopathy肺性腦病pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale)肺原性心臟病pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎pyridine derivatives嘧啶衍生物reactive oxygen species, ROS活性氧redox氧化還原反應red

44、uced Glutathione，GSH 還原型谷胱甘肽reductive equivalent還原當量renal anemia腎性貧血renal hypertension腎性高血壓renal insufficiency 腎功能不全renal osteodystrophy 腎性骨營養不良renal poisons腎毒物renal rickets腎性佝僂病renal tuberculosis腎結核renal tubular acidosis 腎小管性酸中毒renal tubular cells腎小管細胞renal ultrasound腎超聲renin腎素reninangiotensin aldo

45、sterone system ，RAAS 腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統reperfusion arrhythmia再灌注性心律失常reperfusion injury再灌注損傷resin樹脂respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性堿中毒respiratory burst呼吸爆發respiratory failure呼吸衰竭respiratory quotient呼吸商restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性肺通氣障礙reticulocyte網狀細胞retinoblastoma視網膜母細胞瘤retinoi

46、d acid維甲酸retinol- binding protein視黃醇結合蛋白reverse mode反向轉運rheumatoid arthritis類風濕性關節炎ribonuclease核糖核酸酶right ventricular (RV) failure右心衰竭Schistocyte裂體細胞schizophrenia精神分裂癥second messengers第二信使seizures癲癇發作selectins選擇素sepsis敗血癥septic shock敗血癥休克setpoint調定點shock休克signal molecules信號分子signal transducers and activators of transcription, STAT信號轉導和轉錄激活因子signal transduction信號轉導singlet oxygen, 1O2單線態氧soluble TNF receptor, sTNFR 可溶性TNF受體spectrin血影蛋白spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR 自發性高血壓大鼠stagnant hypoxia stage淤血缺氧期Stem cells干細胞steroid/thyroid/retinoid/orphan-rece