1、.Unit5 A Theme parks語法篇_要求學生掌握本單元的重點語法-英語構詞法并能純熟運用相關語法知識解決相應類型的題。英語構詞法種類英語構詞法主要有：合成法，轉化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和詞首字母縮略法。定義與精講1.合成:兩個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，前一個詞修飾或限定后一個詞。合成名詞的主要構成方式1名詞名詞 sunlight 陽光 handbag 手提包2形容詞名詞blackboard 黑板 darkroom 暗室3副詞/介詞名詞afternoon 下午 uproar 喧囂 4動詞名詞postcard 明信片 pickpocket 扒手5名詞動名詞sightseeing 觀

2、光 handwriting 書法6動詞副詞get-together 聚會 break-through 打破7其他方式構成的合成名詞passer-by 過路人 grown-up 成年人合成形容詞的主要構成方式1名詞形容詞snow-white 雪白的 world-famous 世界出名的2形容詞名詞open-air 戶外的 old-style 舊式的3名詞/形容詞名詞-edkind-hearted 好心的 blue-eyed 藍眼睛的4名詞/形容詞/副詞如今分詞good-looking 好看的 well-written 寫得好的合成動詞的主要構成方式1名詞動詞 sunbathe 曬日光浴 type

3、write 打字2副詞動詞underline 畫底線標出 overcome 抑制3形容詞動詞blacklist 將列入黑名單whitewash 用石灰水把刷白1有些合成詞保存了原來兩個單詞的意思。keyword 關鍵詞 toothache 牙痛2有些合成詞與原來兩個單詞的意思區別很大。eggplant 茄子 parkway 駕車專用道注意：2.派生:是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構成一個新詞。 前綴詞根加前綴多數不改變詞性，只改變詞義。(1) 表示相反意義的前綴有：un-，in-，im-，il-，ir-，non-，dis-， mis-等。如：名詞派生詞imbalance 不平衡 displeas

4、ure不快 形容詞派生詞impatient 不耐煩的 uncommon 不普通的 動詞派生詞 disagree 不同意 inactivate使不活潑2表示其他意義的前綴有：re- 重新, anti- 反，防, bi- 雙,en- 使成為, co- 共同, sub- 下面的, post- 后的, fore- 先的,pre- 預先的, auto- 自動的, inter- 之間的, super- 超級的，上層的等。如：retell復述 superman 超人 subway 地鐵 international 國際的 后綴許多名詞、形容詞、副詞和動詞是由詞根加后綴構成的。1構成名詞的后綴-er, -or

5、, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant 等構成表示人或事物的名詞。如：employee 雇員 translator 翻譯家-ance, -ence, -ancy, -ation, -sion, -ment, -bility, -ship,-hood, -age, -ing, -ity, -ness, -th, -ty, -ism 等構成表示行為、性質、狀態等的抽象名詞。如：invention創造 movement運動2構成形容詞的常用后綴有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -ent, -y 等。如：resp

6、onsible 負責的 natural 天然的3構成副詞的常用后綴有：-ly, -ward, -wise 等。如：carefully 細心地 otherwise 否那么4構成動詞的常用后綴有：-ise ize, -en, -ify 等。如：realize 意識到 strengthen 加強3.轉化: 英語中有些單詞,詞形不變, 詞性卻可以由一種轉化成另一種。一個單詞由某一種詞類轉用為另一種詞類, 這就是轉化。單詞轉換后的意義往往與未轉換前的意義有親密的聯絡。轉化法動詞轉化為名詞很多動詞可以轉化為名詞,大多數意思沒有多大的變化如下;有時意思有一定變化如下;有的與一個動詞和不定冠詞構成短語,表示一

7、個動作如下。如: Lets go out for a walk.我們到外面去散漫步吧。 He is a man of strong build.他是一個體格強健的漢子。 Lets have a swim.咱們游泳吧。名詞轉化為動詞很多表示物件如下、身體部位如下、某類人如下的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作,某些抽象名詞如下也可作動詞。如:E.g.Did you book a seat on the plane? 你訂好飛機座位了嗎？E.g.Please hand me the book.請把那本書遞給我。E.g.She nursed her husband back to health.她看護她丈夫

8、，使他恢復了安康。E.g.We lunched together.我們在一起吃了午餐。形容詞轉化為動詞有少數形容詞可以轉化為動詞。E.g. We will try our best to better our living conditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。副詞轉化為動詞有少數副詞可以轉化為動詞。E.g. Murder will out.諺語惡事終將敗露。形容詞轉化為名詞表示顏色的形容詞常可轉化為名詞如下;某些形容詞如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等與the連用,表示一類人,作主語時,謂語用復數如下。E.g.You shoul

9、d be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。E.g.The old in our village are living a happy life.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。4.截短法縮略法截短法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。1截頭telephone phone aeroplane plane omnibus bus2去尾mathematics maths co-operate co-opexamination exam kilogram kilolaboratory lab taxicab tax

10、i3截頭去尾influenza flu refrigerator fridgeprescription script5.混合法混成法混合法，即將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體;前半部分表示屬性。news broadcast newscast新聞播送television broadcast telecast電視播送smoke and fog smog煙霧helicopter airport heliport直升飛機場6.首尾字母縮略法首尾字母縮略法，即用單詞首尾字母組成一個新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音;作為一個單詞讀音。very important per

11、son VIP讀字母音要人；大人物televisionTV讀字母音電視Testing of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL托福例1.2019湖北孝感月考In recent years many new roads have been built, which are of great _to the areas around.A. distance B. benefitC. scenery D. puzzle解析：根據句意“近幾年許多新公路已經建成，這些公路給周邊地區帶來極大的好處。be of great+抽象名詞=be+adj.答案：B。例 2.201

12、9浙江We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.A. attemptsB. requestsC. doubtsD. promises解析：根據句意“對于我們認識和喜歡的人的懇求我們大多喜歡說可以。attempt嘗試；request請求；doubts疑心；promises承諾答案：B。例3.2019江蘇鷹潭期末It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey.A. three hour B. a three-ho

13、urs C. a three-hour D. three hours 解析：根據句意“去游樂園花了很長的時間，它大約花了三個小時的時間。這里是時間做定語用a three hours journey或a three-hour journey答案：C。 例4.2019浙江杜橋月考The incomes of skilled workers went up. _ , unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise解析：根據句意“技術工人的收入在增長，與此同時非技術

14、工人卻看見他們的收入下降。moreover并且；therefore因此；meanwhile期間，與此同時；otherwise要不然的話。答案：C。例5.2019江西贛州期中He tried to _ some childhood memory ,which would tell him tell him whether he come to London.A. make out B. set outC. take outD. squeeze out解析：根據句意“他試圖逼迫自己想起一些童年的記憶，這些記憶會告訴他他是否到過倫敦。 make out弄清楚；set out開場，著手；take ou

15、t拿出，取出；squeeze out擠出，榨出答案：D。根底演練一、給以下單詞加上前綴dis-，un-，in-或im-來構成反義詞1. complete _ 2.proper _3. visible _ 4 fort _5. practical _ 6.seen _7. fit _ 8.like _9. happy _ 10.formal _二、單項選擇1. - How much do you _ for mending my bike?- Only one dollar, sir.A. pay B. charge C. offer D. apply2. What about the two

16、of us _ to the newly opened theme park in our city this afternoon?A. going B. to go C. go D. will go3. Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion; only a _ were against it.A. majorityB. minorityC. quantityD. amount4. In October, the price of the _ to Mount Tai has risen by 50 yua

17、n.A. permissionB. admissionC. introductionD. instruction5. - She is unhappy. - So she is. She has got _ in the quarrel between Jane and Susan.A. involved B. involveC. involvingD. involvement6. Not only the USA and Russia but also China _ manned satellites to circle the earth.A. has sent upB. has bee

18、n sent upC. have sent upD. have been sent up7. While seeing the film, what had happened on the battlefield _ in the old mans mind.A. made a lifeB. made a livingC. come to lifeD. come to live8. We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every campers _.A. experimentB. entertainmentC.

19、 equipmentD. settlement9. - Can you tell me why more and more people choose to shop in a supermarket?- Because it offers a great _ of goods. A. variety B. mixture C. connection D. combination10. - How could they forget the airline tickets?- They were in _.A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rushC

20、. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush11. He didnt want to stay in this hotel because it didnt _ his expectations.A. meet B. pleaseC. fillD. express12. _ an actual occurrence, the film Huo Yuanjia will be popular with many people.A. Basing onB. Based onC. To base onD. Base on13. All the comput

21、er in this factory must go through strict _ before going to the market.A. searchB. checkC. testD. observe14. It was not what he said but the way _ he said it that made all the people laugh.A. in whichB. whichC. howD. in that15. It is the custom for people to get together on New Years Eve, _ with eac

22、h other.A. makingB. gettingC. havingD. amusingKeys:一、給以下單詞加上前綴dis-，un-，in-或im-來構成反義詞incomplete/improper/invisible/ discomfort/impractical/unseen/unfit/dislike或unlike/unhappy/informal二、單項選擇1-5 BABBA 6-10 ACCAD 11-15 ABCAC穩固進步一、 短語填空in advance, come to life, be modelled after, get close to, no wonder,

23、 be famous for1. The handbag_ the LV's new style.2. He has been there many times._ he doesn't approve of the plan going there for holiday.3. Three days had passed before he_. His parents never left the hospital until they saw him open his eyes.4. We are planning a trip to Yuntai Mountain in

24、Henan Province, which_ its beautiful natural scenery.5. It is so cold in the Antarctic that penguins have to_ each other to keep warm.6. You should have booked a ticket for the performance_. Now they have been sold out.二、Make compound words after the models and fill in the blanks with the wordsA: pa

25、rt, long, passer, film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, worldB: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter, term, together, lying, blooded Model: part + time = part-time1 Its a good idea to start a _ job to make extra money.2 Its necessary to use a _ radio to pick up the program. 3 Walt Disney,

26、 the great _, was born in Chicago in 19014 The Dead Sea is very _, at around 395 meters below sea level.5 Were having a little _ to celebrate his birthday.6 They often perform in the streets for the _.7 Im sure you will be _ soonKeys:一、短語填空1. is modelled after 2.No wonder 3.came to life4. is famous

27、for 5.get close to 6.in advance二、Make compound words after the models and fill in the blanks with the wordspart-time/short-wave/.film-make/low-lying/get-together/passers-by/well-known單詞適當形式填空1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. play2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! happy3. It sno

28、wed _last night and now the streets are covered with snow. heavy4. Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _. invent5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. foreign6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. satisfy7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my

29、task. simple8. The boy had the _ of being half starved. appear9. The police have _ a plot against the President. cover10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _. operate11. She hoped that her son would become a _. music12. Few _ words made us excited. speak13. The days on the moon get hotter

30、than _water. boil14. Thank you for your _. kind15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _. expensive16. Most international _letters are written in English, too. busy17. The boy noticed an _mistake on his paper, but he decided not t

31、o say anything about it. correct18. When in Rome, do as the _do. Rome19. The teacher was pleased with her _. honest20. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. noiseKeys:players/happily/ heavily/inventor, inventions/ foreigners/ satisfactory/ simplify/ appearance/ uncovered/ operation/ m

32、usician/ spoken/ boiling/ kindness/ expenses/ business/ uncorrected/ Romans/ honesty/ noisily_一、完形填空It was a market day, so people and traffic had been pouring into the town since early morning. 1 it was an old town, even the main street was very 2 and soon became overcrowded. There was not enough 3

33、 for all the people on the sidewalk at the roadside, 4 they overflowed into the road, 5 danger to their lives from 6 cars and buses, the drivers of 7 were constantly blowing their horns 喇叭 to 8 people to get out of their 9 . Yet it was a n 10 scene. Peasants walked along the street, their heads pile

34、d high with baskets or beautifully woven blankets which they hoped to 11 to the townsfolk. Men with carts 12 their way along, shouting their goods at the top of their 13 .They were selling apples, oranges and grapes the 14 of their fields. 15 it all, women in bright summer clothes made their way, la

35、ughing and talking, 16 children rushed in and out of the crowds screaming with laughter when they didnt ask for something they could not have, or crying with 17 because they were lost. The noise went on all day. People did not even stop for a meal, but preferred to buy bits of meat cooked over a fir

36、e or bread or ice-cream from the street sellers. The 18 from this and from all the activities of the day began to collect in the street. And finally, when night at last came, the street 19 and only the rubbish 20 sadly blowing in the cooling night wind.1. A. Although B. For C. But D. As2. A. small B

37、. crowded C. narrow D. short3. A. land B. area C. ground D. room4. A. and B. however C. or D. then5. A. having B. causing C. throwing D. being 6. A. passing B. taking C. catching D. driving7. A. them B. which C. whom D. that8. A. persuade B. order C. stop D. wait9. A. road B. way C. sight D. place10

38、. A. strange B. usual C. colorful D. interesting11. A. give B. sell C. take D. send12. A. forced B. walked C. found D. took 13. A. voices B. prices C. heads D. carts14. A. crops B. result C. harvest D. productions15. A. Through B. Across C. Above D. After16. A. while B. as C. when D. whose17. A. tea

39、r B. sorrow C. sadness D. fear 18. A. people B. noise C. rubbish D. business19. A. emptied B. silenced C. calmed D. changed20. A. remained B. left C. lay D. piled 二、閱讀理解AThe child of today owes much of its pleasant school life to the work of Maria Montessori and others who felt as she did.Maria Mont

40、essori was born in 1870 in northern Italy. Both her parents were well educated.While Maria was a student, she took great interest in the study of the particular nature of the child's mind. It came to her that small children should have freedom自由 to learn.Maria became a doctor and a professor at

41、Rome University. In 1907, after working with backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children. There were sixty children, aged three to six, in the Children's House. The rooms were bright and colorful. Maria let the children make their own choice of what they wanted to

42、do and work with their own speed. They became busy, peaceful and happy.Maria Montessori was one of the world's great teachers. She traveled in Europe, America and Far East. She thought that true education, providing提供 for the real needs of the child, would produce wise and happy grown-ups and th

43、erefore a peaceful world. Her original way of education has changed our whole idea of what childhood is.Maria Montessori died in Holland at the age of eighty-two.1. The short passage is mainly about.A. the education of backward studentsB. a new idea of educationC. the importance of proper education

44、D. the life of Maria Montessori2. Maria traveled a lot in the world to.A. teach the backward students B. enjoy her life in real natureC. spread her ideas of teachingD. study the situation of education3. In what way did Maria teach the children in the Children's House?A. She taught them the best

45、way of learning well.B. She let them learn in a very pleasant way.C. She taught them by showing them how to do things. D. She just let them choose the most interesting subjects.4. We learn from the passage that _.A. Maria left her homeland in order to study abroad B. Maria didn't get marriedC. M

46、aria's own parents were her teachersD. Maria fully understood the child's mind5. Which of the following best explains why Maria was one of the world's great teachers?A. She created a new way in teaching, which changed the old idea of children's education.B. She taught the backward st

47、udents very successfully and produced a peaceful world.C. She showed great love for the children and trained them in a new way.D. She taught backward students in many different countries and let them learn freely.BA German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman, recently found his brother who was thought to hav

48、e been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman said that the workman was closely like her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. Franz laughed at the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman knew this story quite well, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his n