1、句子的成分句子的成分Members of the Sentence 句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的。組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成的。組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主語、的成分，包括：主語、 謂語、表語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。 主語主語和和謂語謂語是句子的主體部分。是句子的主體部分。主語主語The Subject主語是謂語講述的對象，表示句主語是謂語講述的對象，表示句子所說的是子所說的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事物物”，一般由，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式名詞、代詞、不定式或或相當于相當于名詞的詞或

2、短語名詞的詞或短語等充當。主語等充當。主語一般在一般在句首句首。 Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job.It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主語時，常用形式主語不定式作主語時，常用形式主語it句型句型G

3、ina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English謂謂 語語The Predicate 說明主語說明主語“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么樣怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須用主要的詞）必須用動詞動詞。謂語和主語。謂語和主語在在“人稱人稱”和和“數數”兩方面必須一致。兩方面必須一致。 謂語一般在主語謂語一般在主語后后面。面。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She looks wel

4、l.We study hard.We have finished the job.He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak表表 語語The Predicative 說明主語說明主語“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么樣樣”，由，由名詞、形容詞名詞、形容詞或或相當于名詞相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語或形容詞的詞或短語等充當，和系動等充當，和系動詞一起構成謂語。詞一起構成謂語。 一般在一般在系動詞后面系動詞后面。Her mother is a

5、bank clerk.Are you ready?Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before.They are at home now.My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here賓賓 語語The Object 表示表示動作、行為的對象動作、行為的對象，由，由名詞、名詞、代詞代詞或或相當于名詞的詞或短語相當于名詞的詞或短語等充當，等充當，和和及物

6、及物動詞一起說明主語動詞一起說明主語“做什么做什么”。 一般在一般在謂語之后謂語之后。 All of us like him.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some questions?She is playing the piano now.He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定語定語The Attribute 用來修飾用來修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞

7、。由形容詞、代。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等充當。于形容詞的詞或短語等充當。 因為名詞、代詞既可做主語，又可做因為名詞、代詞既可做主語，又可做表語、賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡表語、賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。I have something to do.Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player.The girl behind the tree is my sister.The littl

8、e boy gave me a big apple.The black bike is mine.They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;little, big;black;paper狀語狀語The Adverbial 用來修飾用來修飾動詞動詞、形容詞形容詞或或副詞副詞，一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、目一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語、不介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語等來充當。或短語等來充當。People are all

9、working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking.all,hard;very,in winter;carefully;Without his help;Suddenly;there smoking補補 語語 英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后加表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后加上賓語補足語

10、才能表達完整的意思。上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思。“賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語”合稱復合賓語。合稱復合賓語。賓語補足語主要用來說明賓語的特征、賓語補足語主要用來說明賓語的特征、狀態或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、狀態或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞等充當。副詞、介詞短語、分詞等充當。I found it very difficult to find work.Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived.The boss kept them working all day.I saw a s

11、tranger enter the building.If you let me go,I will make you king.Leave the door open.very difficult;broken;out;working;enter the building;king;openS+ Link. V +P 主主+系系+表表S + Vi. 主主+謂謂S + Vt + O 主主+謂謂+賓賓S+Vt+Oi+Od 主主+謂謂+ 間接賓間接賓+ 直接賓直接賓S+Vt+O+C 主主+ 謂謂+ 賓賓+ 賓補賓補 1.主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語（表語（ S+Link.V+P ），說），說 明主

12、語的特征、類屬、狀態、身份。明主語的特征、類屬、狀態、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.We are good friends, arent we? 常用系動詞有：常用系動詞有：be, seem, keep, stay, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn等。等。2.主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞 ( S + Vi. )They study hard.注：注：不及物動詞不能用于被動語態。不及物動詞不能用于被動語態。 The car accident was happened

13、yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語（賓語（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動詞可用于被動語態注：及物動詞可用于被動語態A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主動語態

14、主動語態）（被動語態被動語態）4.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟雙賓語的動詞：常跟雙賓語的動詞：Who can find me the eraser?Pass

15、 me the eraser. They named the dog Bobo.I find him interesting.You should get him to help you.We saw them dancing.5.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語+賓補賓補(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作賓補的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。簡簡單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語2.主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞 3.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語4.主語主語+

16、及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語 +直接賓語直接賓語5.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語 +賓賓 語補足語語補足語 句子成分隨堂練習句子成分隨堂練習 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket. 狀狀 主主 謂謂 狀狀The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting. 主主 系狀表系狀表I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.

17、 主謂主謂 賓賓They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly. 主主 謂謂 狀狀It was Sunday.It was Sunday. 主主 系系 表表I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays. 主狀謂狀狀主狀謂狀狀I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主謂主謂 賓賓young woman angrily. 賓賓 狀狀

18、I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 謂謂 定定 賓賓 連連 主謂主謂understand a word. 謂謂 賓賓My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主謂狀主謂狀 連主連主didnt send cards to my friends.謂謂 賓賓 賓賓I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主謂主謂 狀狀 連連 謂謂 定定 賓賓He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a grea