1、休閑與旅游的辨證關系及其社會功能試析作者簡介 曹芙蓉，女，北京聯合大學旅游學院休閑與旅游管理系。曹芙蓉（北京聯合大學旅游學院休閑與旅游管理系）摘 要 從1995年“十一”黃金周的旅游“井噴”，到“七年之癢”的今年，人們終于能夠比較全面地認識到旅游業對中國經濟社會的意義；而對于正中國大地初起的休閑，當前人們的討論卻仍然是眾說紛紜。本文的研究，試圖在當前我國經濟社會的背景下，從休閑活動與產業的興起，從研究的回顧，從當前“旅游”與“休閑”的交叉研究等幾個方面辨析二者的同異，并繼而在闡述其社會功能的基礎上，試探借助國家統計局有關我國旅游統計的資料等，估算中國國內休閑產業日益增強的經濟推力。論文內容的大

2、致結構是：正在興起的中國居民休閑與中國休閑產業；就“休閑”與“旅游”概念和國內外研究的進展狀況對二者的辨證關系進行初步的討論；試析休閑與旅游活動的社會功能與經濟推力；結語：推進休閑與旅游的良性互動。關鍵詞 休閑；旅游；辨證關系；功能與價值廣州環城市帶旅游產品發展研究 廖衛華， 梁明珠（暨南大學管理學院旅游管理系，廣東 廣州 510632）摘 要本文在分析廣州環城市帶旅游產品類型分布及旅游發展模式基礎上，指出目前廣州環城市帶旅游發展存在的主要問題，特別是對主題公園、游樂場等主題型旅游產品，以及生態及度假旅游開發問題作進一步深入分析，最后提出環城市帶旅游產品發展的若干原則，并提出相關建議。關鍵詞環

3、城市帶；旅游產品；發展模式；開發原則；廣州杭州市本地居民休閑游憩行為與偏好研究吳必虎, 伍 佳作者簡介吳必虎（1962），男，江蘇人，北京大學旅游研究與規劃中心主任，教授，博士生導師，主要研究方向為旅游規劃與旅游地理。(北京大學旅游研究與規劃中心, 北京 100871)摘要杭州作為中國著名的旅游城市，在市區內外都有大量的游憩用地。本文通過問卷調查，研究了杭州本地居民休閑行為及偏好特征。并在調查的基礎上運用統計檢驗總結出杭州本地居民對休閑產品類型、時間、目的地區位的偏好規律。最后，對游憩選擇與偏好的影響因素和原因進行了分析。關鍵詞環城游憩帶；休閑偏好；旅游城市；本地居民；杭州市Five type

4、 crowds of the comparison and the analysis of ways with Leisure in BeijingZHAO Peng ,lIU jie ,FU YueAbstract:With the continuous improvement of peoples material living level，the need of the leisure activity is more than before. People attach importance to the leisure. This text wants to inquisition

5、the different people then to their different leisure activity. We can see how important the leisure is in peoples daily life. Then we can suggest the better leisure activity to different people.Key words: Leisure mood , leisure time , leisure education , leisure consciousness從“歷史文化名村”到“大遺址”:中國北方黃土地區

6、文化遺產的景觀復原（遺產保護）個案探索 基金項目首都經濟貿易大學2006年校級科研項目“中國北方黃土地區古村落（人類家園）環境解說系統研究北京地區個案”（項目批準號：2006XJ0015）資助成果作者簡介張祖群（1980），男，湖北應城人，首都經濟貿易大學工商管理學院旅游管理系講師，陜西師范大學西北環發中心05級博士生，研究歷史地理與旅游地理、城市規劃等。張祖群1，2(1首都經濟貿易大學工商管理學院旅游管理系,北京100070；2陜西師范大學西北歷史環境與經濟社會發展研究中心，西安710062)摘要 國際古跡遺址理事會第15屆大會會后發表的西安宣言第一次從理論上比較完整地闡述和推行保護文化遺產

7、的環境。文章在界定中國北方黃土地區的地理范圍之后，給出了其研究的國際意義，為此希望從“歷史文化名村”到“大遺址”2個案例中實踐文化遺產的景觀復原：以爨底下村等8個村落探討人類家園EROT環境解說傳播模式；分析了漢長安城遺址本體與歷史環境特點，抓住“大遺址內居民全部外遷是否符合其可持續發展”核心，尋求大遺址的PRED聯動，并進行了重點保護區人口調控。最后討論了景觀復原研究的關鍵點，倡議從實踐中應用、總結與修正相關遺產保護理論。關鍵詞人類家園，景觀復原歷史文化名村，大遺址，爨底下村，漢長安城北京五類人群休閑方式的比較與分析收稿日期 2006-10-01；修訂日期 2006-11-01作者簡介趙鵬（

8、1954-），男，湖北人，北京聯大旅游學院院長，研究員，主要從事旅游基礎理論與教育科學研究；劉捷（1968-），女，北京市人，中國科學院研究生院，北京聯大旅游學院酒店與餐飲管理系教師，主要從事休閑與娛樂管理、酒店與餐飲管理專業教學研究；付玥（1983-）女，北京市人，北京聯合大學旅游學院2003級旅游管理專業，現就職于北京天倫王朝飯店。趙鵬1，劉捷1，2，付玥1（1.北京聯合大學旅游學院 北京 100101；2.中國科學院研究生院，北京 100049）摘要隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高，對于休閑活動的需求也越來越大。人們也越來越重視休閑在自己生活中的地位。本文想通過對北京五類人群的調查與研究來了解

9、北京不同階層人群的休閑方式的不同之處，以及他們選擇休閑方式的決定因素和制約因素。揭示出休閑在人們生活中的重要地位，并倡導不同階層人群選擇健康與積極的休閑方式。關鍵詞休閑方式；休閑時間；休閑教育；休閑意識 中圖分類號F59文獻標識碼A文章編號1002-5006(2006)12-0000發達國家休閑產業發展特點與趨勢分析趙小麗（北京聯合大學旅游學院休閑與旅游管理系， 北京 100101）摘要休閑產業是在城市化和經濟發展水平較高的情況下產生的。所以休閑產業首先在發達國家興起和發展，并己經成為發達國家經濟體系中的支柱產業或主導產業。發展休閑經濟和休閑產業，將成為許多發達國家解決過高的失業率的宏觀產業調

10、控政策中的重要組成部分。休閑產業在發達國家己經呈現出多元化趨勢，己經成為當今世界最具生命力的產業之一。從國際經濟范圍來看，休閑產業的發展與城市化進程，人均生活水平的提高有著必然的聯系。關鍵詞休閑產業；特點；趨勢The Discussion of Entertainment Treatment to Chinese Young Hearing HandicappedCHEN Wen-li , WU NingAbstract: Nowadays, with the living condition continuously increasing, more time and more money

11、are spent on entertainment and recreation. Normal people can enjoy entertainment and recreation without any uncomfortable, and their entertainment activities are various and rich. The entertainment needs of normal people can be satisfied, but those activities which belong to handicapped are far poor

12、er. If those entertainment requirements could not be satisfied for long time, the health of handicapped would be directly affected. According to Serious Leisure Theory and Entertainment Treatment, this article discusses two questions: One is the entertainment needs of special groups; the other is th

13、e suited entertainment activities of them. This Entertainment Treatment model is based on a survey on the students of Beijing No.4 deaf school. Through serious leisure education, they can learn some skills from entertainment activities, and at the same time, the treatment can provide them more worki

14、ng opportunities. We will propose our entertainment treatment suggestions to Chinese young hearing handicapped. Those suggestions will base on the survey and analyses below.Key words: Serious leisure theory, Entertainment treatment, Hearing people, Ordinary person對我國聽力有障礙的年輕人進行娛樂治療的探討 陳文力 , 吳 寧（北京聯合

15、大學旅游學院, 北京 100101）摘要當今世界，隨著生活水平的不斷提高，人們對娛樂休閑的時間和金錢的投入越來越多。這促進了娛樂休閑業的快速發展。現在作為正常人享受娛樂休閑會感到非常方便，娛樂休閑活動多種多樣，十分豐富。基本可以滿足這個群體的需求。但是對于殘疾人的娛樂休閑活動就顯得遜色了許多。這個群體的娛樂需求長期得不到滿足會直接影響到他們的身心健康。本文依據國外的嚴肅休閑理論和娛樂治療概念對聽力有障礙的這個特殊群體的娛樂需求、適合這個群體的娛樂活動進行探討。在對北京聾啞學校學生的調研基礎上提出針對這個群體的娛樂治療模型。以及探討他們通過嚴肅休閑教育的方式學習一些開展娛樂活動的技能，在達到治療

16、他們心理疾病的同時能夠獲得更多的就業機會。在以上調研和分析的基礎上提出我們對中國聽力有障礙的年輕群體進行娛樂治療的建議。關鍵詞 嚴肅休閑理論 娛樂治療 聽力有障礙的年輕群體 聽人我國休閑旅游發展的共軛影響因素淺析* 作者簡介:侯滿平（1972），男，江西九江人，博士，主要從事旅游規劃、土地利用規劃及區域農業等研究。侯滿平,周艷麗（中國防衛科技學院，北京 101601）摘要休閑旅游占旅游份額越來越大，我國休閑旅游發展前景巨大。本文對休閑旅游概念進行了初步探討；并對我國休閑旅游發展的原因進行了簡要分析；休閑旅游形成及其可持續發展是建立在諸多因素的基礎上，這些因素主要包括經濟因素、交通因素、生活方式

17、因素、消費心理因素、教育文化因素、年齡與性別因素、其它社會因素等，它們是必要充分條件，共同制約著休閑旅游的發展，形成共軛影響，有著積極與消極的雙重功效。關鍵詞休閑旅游；定義；共軛影響因素生態旅游者與一般游客行為特征的比較研究以北京市百花山自然保護區為例李燕琴，劉玉春(中央民族大學管理學院,北京100081)摘 要目前在國內，缺乏關于生態旅游者的基礎數據，在國際上，缺乏對于發展中國家生態旅游者特征的基本了解。本文所做的研究在一定程度上彌補了這一不足。研究選擇北京市百花山自然保護區為案例區，在對生態旅游者和一般游客有效分類的基礎上，進行了人口統計學、動機、環境態度和管理傾向等多角度的比較研究，獲得

18、了關于二者差異的第一手資料，主要包括：百花山生態旅游者年輕人更多，男性更多，教育程度和收入較高，職業以學生和公司職員為主，家庭結構主要為單身和帶小孩夫妻家庭；與發達國家生態旅游者的動機偏好基本一致，但程度要弱；環境素質較好；對間接的管理措施的接受程度和對直接的管理措施的反感程度都較一般游客高。關鍵詞生態旅游者；一般游客；行為特征；百花山中國黃土地區古村落（人類家園）環境解說系統研究之展望基金項目首都經濟貿易大學2006年校級科研項目“中國北方黃土地區古村落（人類家園）環境解說系統研究北京地區個案”（項目批準號：2006XJ0015）作者簡介張祖群（1980），男，湖北應城人，陜西師范大學西北環

19、發中心05級博士，首都經濟貿易大學工商管理學院旅游管理系講師，研究歷史地理與旅游地理等。趙明（1979），女，碩士，吉林師范大學東北旅游研究與規劃中心主任、講師，研究戶外游憩與環境解說、旅游開發與規劃等。張祖家)祖群的博客QQ:654294209Email: zhangzuqun  zhangzuqun  humangeography  本文聯系人通訊地址：（100070）北京市豐臺區花鄉張家路口121號 首都經濟貿易大學工商管理學院旅游管理系教師 張祖群 博士 收電01352090

20、2735郵箱：humangeography humangeographyeisure Practices & Tourism DevelopmentDr Neil CarrUniversity of Otago, New ZealandDepartment of TourismUniversity of Otago4th Floor, Commerce BuildingP.O Box 56DunedinNew ZealandTel: + 64 3 479 8520Fax: + 64 3 479 9034Email: ncarrbusiness.otago.ac.nzAbstract:R

21、ather than highlighting the interrelations between leisure and tourism in the academic literature there has been a tendency to stress the differences between them; identifying tourism as an experience undertaken away from the home environment whilst leisure is undertaken in an individuals normal pla

22、ce of residence. Consequently, few comparisons of how people behave in leisure and tourism environments have been undertaken. This paper highlights the results of a critical analysis of the current literature on behaviour in the tourism and leisure environments and demonstrates there is a commonalit

23、y between the underlying personal and socio-cultural factors that influence how people behave during their leisure and tourism experiences. This commonality may explain why some people appear to behave in a similar manner while they are on holiday to that which they display in their leisure environm

24、ents. Fundamentally, these tourists appear to take the socio-cultural norms and values that influence their leisure behaviour on holiday with them.However, it is apparent that a significant proportion of people behave differently while on holiday compared to during their leisure experiences in terms

25、 of the intensity and/or nature of the activities they engage in. This suggests at least some tourists are able to leave their socio-cultural baggage at home and their behaviour on holiday is influenced by a tourist culture. The extent to whether an individual is influenced by the socio-cultural bag

26、gage from their home environment or by their tourist culture while on holiday appears to be partially determined by the degree of difference between the physical nature of the tourism and leisure environments.Whilst a tourist culture appears to exist it must be recognised that the specific nature of

27、 this influence and the socio-cultural baggage from the leisure environment on observable behaviour is place specific. Consequently, individuals from different locations may have different sets of motivations and, as a result, display differing types of behaviour during their tourism experiences eve

28、n if they are all on vacation in the same place. The recognition of a fundamental link between the factors that influence the nature of leisure and tourism motivations and behaviour suggests it may be possible to develop facilities with the dual purpose of satisfying the desires of both tourists and

29、 leisured individuals. However, the place specific nature of the factors that influence behaviour and the consequent potential for differences in the leisure and tourism behaviour of individuals suggests caution must be taken to ensure tourism products are developed that meet the desires of tourists

30、 rather than reflecting evidence of how these tourists behave during their leisure time in their place of origin. In addition, the recognition that tourists from different places may have dissimilar motivations and may behave differently even when on holiday in the same location suggests there is a

31、need to ensure that appropriate tourism development takes place that carefully considers the place specific nature of the motivations and behaviour of the target market, rather than attempting to cater to a socio-culturally and behaviourally homogenous tourist population. Finally, place specific dif

32、ferences in tourism and leisure motivations and behaviour indicate care should be taken when attempting to develop facilities to meet the needs of both tourists and local leisured people within a destination.Keywords: Behaviour;motivation;placeLEISURE PRACTICES AND TOURSIM DEVELOPMENTSRaymond Thomas

33、 Hibbins, PhDProgram Director (Undergraduate)Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport ManagementGriffith UniversityQueensland, AUSTRALIA 4111Phone: +61 7 3735 6559Fax: +61 7 3735 6743Email: .auKeynote address delivered at the International Tourism Symposium “Modern Leisur

34、e Practices and Tourism Development” in Beijing, P.R.China, 13 15 November 2006.ABSTRACTIn the Asia-Pacific region we are experiencing socio-political and economic changes as well as uncertainty and turbulence created by terrorist activity, intranational strife and conflict and environmental catastr

35、ophes like tsunamis. This is a region experiencing transmigration by large numbers of people for business purposes, and migration for humanitarian, employment and political reasons. These various migrations have contributed to increasing cultural diversity in the region and in particular nations.The

36、 outcomes of such movement include: issues of citizenship, debates about the appropriateness of educational qualifications; questions about visas and multicultural policies; exploitation of labour; health issues and quarantine of particular goods and products; questions about cultural awareness and

37、sensitivities in regards to the provision of services in the areas of tourism and leisure as well as racism, prejudice, discrimination and xenophobia; environmental degradation and sustainability associated with population increases and tourism. Developments in transnationalism and tourism have had

38、important implications for the training of service providers and the raising of questions about the quality of services particularly in the areas of tourism, hospitality, recreation and leisure. Further, this leads to considerations of the cultural sensitivity of concepts and theories being used in

39、cross-cultural comparative research especially in the area of leisure practices and tourism developments. Given the gendered and ethnic nature of migration as well as leisure behaviour, planning and policy making it is important that consideration be given to cultural appropriateness of the tools us

40、ed to investigate these phenomena.The above attempts to provide a context for this paper which will discuss the issues surrounding the impacts of ever increasing numbers of tourism developments on leisure practices of local communities and individuals on the eastern seaboard of Australia. These deve

41、lopments include environmental, cultural, educational, social and cultural impacts. Locals often protest for example, that these tourist developments sometimes associated with big events like international football competitions or car rallies are paid for from local taxes and rates which benefit the

42、 tourists but have few benefits for local communities. Occasionally these developments can mean the building of big facilities which have the potential of becoming white elephants if short-term gains are not linked with longer-term planning of local consequences. As well, this paper will address the

43、 implications of the tourist developments on the leisure behaviour and practices of locals but more particularly will explore the sensitivity of available research instruments in the field of leisure studies for investigating the interactions of diverse socio-cultural groups in these leisure and tou

44、rism contexts.Key words: cultural diversity, leisure experiences, transnationalism, migration農村居民閑暇旅游活動的動態分析以湖南省農村居民為例賀小榮（湖南師范大學旅游學院，湖南 長沙，410081）摘要農村居民閑暇生活是農村居民在閑暇時間內，即在農業生產活動結束和睡眠等基本需求滿足之后的時間內進行的各種活動的總稱。旅游的發展，在一定程度上改變了農村居民的生活習慣，看電視、打牌、閑聊等日常休閑活動減少了，出外參觀、游覽、學習等旅游消費行為增加了，出于公益或經濟目的的旅游服務、演出服務增多了。通過分析統計

45、數據我們還發現，農村居民的閑暇生活方式正在逐步多樣化，閑暇生活質量不斷提高，出游人數在逐年增加。旅游者的涌入、媒體的宣傳等因素直接導致農村居民出游率的提高，同時，旅游的經歷也在影響著農村居民的閑暇生活，具體表現在社區參與的積極性提高、對閑暇時間的價值的認識提高、對閑暇時間的安排更積極、技能學習的積極性提高、對旅游的認識加深等。為此，當地政府和社區應該對區內居民的閑暇生活正確引導，采取建設居民和游客共用的文化活動設施、組建鄉村俱樂部負責居民出游管理、建立居民活動基金等措施來豐富和繁榮居民的閑暇生活，使農村居民的閑暇生活“不閑著”。關鍵詞農村居民；閑暇生活；旅游；湖南基于“休閑體驗”的鄉村旅游發展

46、研究沈和江（河北師范大學資源與環境科學學院旅游管理系, 河北 石家莊 050016）摘要 本文從休閑體驗、鄉村、鄉村旅游的基本認知出發，對休閑體驗的真諦、鄉村和鄉村旅游的層次進行了認知與判定，在此基礎上，對 “新農村、新旅游、新體驗、新風尚”的鄉村旅游主題理念進行了分析，并以“休閑體驗”為核心，對發展鄉村旅游的價值取向進行了闡釋，即：休閑作為鄉土環境下的 “成為狀態”（state of becoming）,是鄉村旅游發展的行為取向-休閑氧吧；體驗是對鄉村獨具特色人文內涵的感悟和感知，是對鄉村本土化的咀嚼與品味-價值體驗，追求的是對鄉村本土化的投入-“暢”（flow），同時將和諧作為鄉村旅游發展

47、的基礎，論述了“休閑、體驗、和諧”在鄉村旅游中的辨證關系。 關鍵詞鄉村旅游；休閑；體驗；和諧鄉村休閑旅游：和合文化的視角孫 穎(河南大學歷史文化學院旅游系,河南 開475001)摘 要鄉村休閑旅游是在傳統和合文化和和諧美學意識的驅動下，城市居民走向鄉村享受、認識鄉村生活，帶有生態科教和身心回歸自然色彩的專項旅游活動。鄉村休閑旅游符合中國傳統和合文化的思想精髓，符合構建和諧社會的時代要求，必將成為建設社會主義新農村的一支重要力量。從和合文化的角度來分析認識鄉村休閑旅游，有助于更深刻地理解它的發展動力，認識它的廣闊前景，了解它的社會功能，并進一步開拓思路尋求它的發展策略，從而通過鄉村休閑旅游的健康

48、發展促進社會主義和諧社會的構建。關鍵詞鄉村休閑旅游;和合文化;和諧社會;新農村Reborn of Taiwan Kukeng coffee FestivalFeng-chou YANG* Yi-Jing WU * Dr. Associate Professor. of the Graduate School of Recreational Sport Management of the National Taiwan College of Physical*Student of the Graduate Institute of Physical Education of the Nation

49、al Taiwan College of Physical Education Kukeng town was renowned for planting coffee tree from 1895 to 1945 as Taiwan was occupied by Japan. Unfortunately it had been declined gradually since World War II ended. The local government is in a planed way to develop the sightseeing agriculture according

50、 to the success of rebuilding Kukeng coffee tree. In addition, the municipal government held the Taiwan Coffee Festival (TCF) repeatedly from 2003 to 2006. Significantly, TCF brought tremendous programmed recreation to visitors and new sightseeing business to local people. Moreover TCF strongly esta

51、blishes the related leisure service business such as trial test coffee cafeteria, local food, beverage family style restaurant, and agricultural hostel nearby Huashan area. Practically it stimulates village life experience for the specific region during holidays and builds up new type of recreation

52、business and raises the tourism volume.This research is probed into through documents, collected newspapers, magazines, field investigation, and photo explanation. The purpose is to study the disappearance, rebirth, rises, and the vision of the future of the coffee related recreation industry in Kuk

53、eng. The conclusion of this research shows that the local non-profitable organization (NPO) and not-governmental organization (NGO) successfully expedited the emergence of tourism business and a brand-new community culture in Kuken . The TCF also create the mutual benefits between small town busines

54、s and community culture simultaneously. Finally, this monograph proposes a new strategy to combine with Kukeng township coffee industry, programmed recreation, and economy as equally important. The TCF experiences really provide the countryside and agricultural area that they currently face declinin

55、g under the industrial competition as reference. In conclusion the successful experience of the TCF in Kukeng should not only bring tourists to the locality, but also popularize this successful sightseeing agriculture recreation tactics to the declining countryside where the situation is similar to

56、and furthermore, the value of tourism and recreation reborn will be well created and expanded. Keywords: Kukeng coffee、recreation、tourismThe Research on Application of Integrated Marketing Communications in Leisure Industry in ChinaGuo Yong-Jian 1(Beijing City University,Beijing 100083)Abstract: Sin

57、ce leisure industry is affected easily by the consumers intangible and unmeasured elements, the traditional marketing theories which are used in the leisure industry cant meet the needs of the leisure industry rocket development. This paper studies the application of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in leisure industry from the aspects of the orientation of leisure production, the image fostering of leisure industry and leisure industry social marketing.Key Words: Integrated marketing communications; Leisure; Leisu