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1、語法專題復習 名詞1名詞是表示 、 、 、 名稱的詞。2名詞分為 和 兩大類。 有單、復數之分,而 沒有復數形式。3可數名詞變復數時有規則和不規則變化兩種:(1) 規則變化(a)一般情況下, 。如books,pens(b)以-s,-x,-ss, -sh,-ch結尾, 。如buses,wishes(c)以-f,-fe結尾, 。如knife-knives(d)以“輔音字母+y”結尾, 。如lady-ladies(e)以-o結尾,有生命的名詞加 ,無生命的名詞加 。(2) 不規則變化 (a)元音發生變化:改a為e。如 _, _, _。 改oo為ee。如 , 。 改ou為i。如mouse 。 (b)單

2、復數同形。如 , , , _ , _。 (c)后加(r)en。如 ox-_ , child 。4不可數名詞量的表示法如果想表示不可數名詞具體的數量,可以用“ ”。若想表達量的復數概念,只需把 變為復數。如:a piece of papertwo of papera glass of apple juice three of apple juice5名詞所有格 (1)s形式的所有格 (a)有生命的單數名詞和不以-s結尾的有生命的復數名詞,在其后加 ;以-s結尾的,只加 。如:my fathers car, Teachers Day (b)表示兩個或兩個以上的人共同擁有某人或某物在 ;若表示分別擁

3、有,則 。 (c)表示時間、路程、城市、國家等無生命的事物的所有關系時,可以加 _或 。如todays newspaper, ten hours walk (2)of短語構成的所有格 的名詞一般用of短語來表示所有關系。如a map of China (3)雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有 詞、 詞、 詞、 詞或 詞時,常用“ ”的形式,即雙重所有格來表示所有關系。如:a friend of Toms6名詞作定語修飾名詞的特殊情況 (1)名詞作定語修飾名詞時,作定語的名詞一般用 數。在該短語變復數時,只把 變成復數。如:a TV play - two _ plays (2)如果 、 作定語,被修

4、飾的名詞變復數時, 、 也應變成復數形式。如:one man doctor-ten doctors one woman teacher-four teachers ( 3 )如果_作定語,永遠用復數。如:a _ car-two_ cars冠詞冠詞不能單獨使用,要和 一起使用,用在 前幫助說明 的含義,冠詞分為不定冠詞 _、 和定冠詞 。1不定冠詞的辨析用a還是an,是由 決定的,而不是由_決定的。(1)有的詞雖然以輔音字母開頭,但卻用 ,如: _, ,_ (2)有的詞雖然以元音字母開頭,但卻用 ,如: , , _ 2不定冠詞的用法 (1)泛指 。如:A panda is very lovely

5、。 (2)表示 _,但意義上沒有one強。如:a pen (3)第 次提到某物或某人時。如:I have a book。 (4)表示“ ”,相當于every。如:twice a day (5)用于某些 中,如:a little, in a hurry3定冠詞的用法 (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如: _ (2)指談話雙方都知道的人或物。如: _ (3)上文已經提到過的人或物。如: _ (4)用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如: _ (5)用在序數詞或形容詞最高級前。如: _ (6)用在西洋樂器前。如: _ (7)用在姓氏的復數前表示“全家人。如: (8)用在方位詞前。如: _ (9)用在某些固

6、定詞組中。如: _ 4不用冠詞的情況 (1)如果名詞前已經有 、 或 等限定詞。 (2)表示學科、語言、三餐、球類運動、棋類運動的名詞前。如: _ _ (3)表示星期、月份、季節、節日的名詞前。如: _ (4)表示人名、國名、稱呼語或頭銜等的名詞前。如: _ (但the United States,the United Kingdom前用the)(5)某些固定詞組前。如: 代詞代詞是代替名詞的詞,主要包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、復合不定代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞等。中考多集中在以下幾個方面:人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法與區別;形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的用法與區別;反

7、身代詞的用法;形容詞修飾復合不定代詞的用法以及一些不定代詞,如some/any,both/either/neither,other/another/others等的辨析。1人稱代詞: (1)主格_(2)賓格_(3)用法:(a)作 或 的賓語。 (b)作 的表語。(4)人稱代詞并列使用時的順序:單數: 。 復數: 。2物主代詞:(1)形容詞性物主代詞_(2)名詞性物主代詞_(3)用法:(a)形容詞性物主代詞只能用在 前作定語,相當于形容詞。 (b) 具有名詞的特征,其后不再跟名詞。(c) +名詞= 。3反身代詞:(1)構成:第一、二人稱的反身代詞由 物主代詞加 或 _ 構成;第三人稱的反身代詞由

8、 加 或 構成。(2)用法:(a)作 或 的賓語。 (b)作 或 的同位語。(3)常見帶反身代詞的固定詞組: 4 指示代詞:(1) 指代較近的人或物;指代較遠的人或物則用 。(2)在疑問句中,如果句子的主語 是 或,回答時用 代替, _代替these或those。(3)在電話用語中, 相當于“你”,用于詢問對方; 相當于“我”,用于自我介紹。5疑問代詞: (1) 常作句子的主語或賓語。 作主語時,即使被問者有兩個或兩個以上,謂語動詞也通常用 形式。 (2) 是 的賓格,作 或 的賓語,緊跟介詞時只能用 。 (3) 、 常用在名詞前作定語,還可單獨使用作表語。 (4) 用于詢問姓名、年齡、職業、

9、日期、星期、價格、時間、數量、運算結果等。 (5) 對確定范圍內的“哪一個”提問, 對不確定范圍內的“哪一個”提問。6不定代詞: (1)用法:_ (2)辨析下列各組不定代詞: every/each, both/all, none/neither/either,few/a few/little/a little other/others/the other/another,one/it,ones/those,none/no one/nothing,some/any,many/much7復合不定代詞: (1)構成:復合不定代詞是由不定代詞some,any,every,no分別與-one,-thin

10、g,-body組合而成的。 (2)用法 (a)一般情況下,由 構成的復合不定代詞用在肯定句中;由_構成的復合不定代詞用在疑問句和否定句中;由_構成的復合不定代詞用于各種句式;由 構成的復合不定代詞表示否定意義。 (b)作主語時,謂語動詞用 形式。 (c)形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,應放在復合不定代詞的 面。8關系代詞: (1)定義:引導 _從句的詞叫關系詞,其中指人或物的關系詞叫 。 (2)指人的關系代詞:(a)作主語 , (b)作賓語(可以省略) , , (c)作定語 (3)指物的關系代詞:(a)作主語 , (b)作賓語(可以省略) , (c)作定語 語法復習專練 名詞 ( )1. All t

11、he _teachers and _students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl ( )2. Mr. Black is a friend of _. A. Jack's aunt's B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's D. aunt's of Jack ( )3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C

12、. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older ( )4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows ( )5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmother's C. her grandmothers' D. that of her grandmother ( )6. We'll give our English teacher a ca

13、rd for _. A. the Teacher's Day B. Teacher's Day C. a Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day ( )7. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her ( )8. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D

14、. The classroom's windows ( )9. _ mother is a worker. A. Mary and Mike's B. Mary's and Mike's C. Mary's and Mike D. Mary and Mike( )10.He has searched the _ or 2 hours for the information about Yang Liwei. A. mouse B. keyboard C. Internet D. computer( )11.The room is too small, t

15、here' s no enough _for another desk. A. place B. room C. floor D. ground( )12.There may be something wrong with her _,she can' t see things clearly. A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose( )13.- Which room shall we live in tonight? In _.A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room( )14.

16、We'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a _.A. two-weeks holiday B. two weeks' holidaysC. two- week holiday D. two-weeks' holiday( )15. The number of the students in our grade _about six _,_of them are girls. A. are, hundreds, two- thirds B. is, hundred, two- third C. is, hund

17、red, two thirds. D. are, hundreds, two third( )16. _ travellers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred( )17. My home is about _ from my school. A. 15 minutes B. 10 minute's ride C. 20 minutes by bike D. 15- minute's on foot. ( )18. There a

18、re three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. deers, sheeps B. deers, sheep C. deer, sheep D. deer, sheeps( )19. Lucy has been to _ many times this year. A. his uncle B. her uncles C. uncles D. her uncles( )20. The boys always stays here for _. A. one and half hour B. one and half a hour C. one and a ha

19、lf hours D. one and half hours( )21.-How much _ this pair of trousers? - Ten dollars _ enough. A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are D. is, is( )22. Every table and every chair _ made of wood. A. is B. are C. were D. be( )23. _ of the teachers in our school is 118, _ of them are women teachers. A. The n

20、umber, first fourth B. The number, one fourth C. A number, one second D. A number, three quarters( )24. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. Are( )25. Miss Hunt bought some _in the market. A. pear B. tomato C. egg D. Fish( )26. Shanghai is one of the most beautiful _ in China. A. city

21、B. cities C. citys D. the cities( )27.The little baby has two _already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. Teeths( )28. She was born in Wuhan, but Bijing has become her second _. A. home B. family C. house D. Country( )29.-What would you like, madam? -Id like_, please. A. two bottles of orange B. two bo

22、ttles of oranges C. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange( )30.-Would you like some_? -Thank you , but I am not hungry. A. water B. cakes C. tea D. coffee冠詞( )1. -Have you had _ breakfast yet? - No, not yet.A./ B. a C. the D. An( )2. Let's look at the bag. Can you see _“s”on the corner o

23、f_ bag?A. a, a B. a, the C. an, a D. an, the( )3. There is egg on the table, egg is for you.A. a, A B. an, An C. an, The D. the, An( )4. Our teacher told us that _ moon moves around _ earth, and_ earth circles_ sun.A. a, a, a, a B. an, an, an, an C. the, the, the, the D. /, /, /, /( )5. At that time

24、, he was studying in_ university. And it was a famous one.A./ B. the C. a D. an( )6. _(Dog)dog is _ useful animal.A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, /( )7. John Smith is _ honest man.A. an B. a C. the D. one( )8. My father told me he was soon going to visit _ USA.A. the B. a C. an D. /( )9. Beyond

25、 _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A. the ,/ B. /, the C. /,/ D. the ,the( )10. I believe that _ young have a bright future.A. the B. an C. an D. /( )11. Paris is _very beautiful city, where you can see _ famous Eiffel Tower.A. a, the B. a, / C. the , an D. /,the( )12. _ Chinese people

26、are _ hardworking people.A. /,/ B. a,/ C. The, the D. the,a( )13. Do you know _ inventor ? Yes, he's _ friend of mine.A. the, a B. an, a C. an, the D. the, the( )14. We can see _ hundreds of birds flying in _ sky.A. a, a B. / , a C. / , the D. the, the( )15.My brother likes playing _basketball a

27、nd I am good at playing _ guitar. A. /;the B. the;/ C. an; the D. the; a代詞( )1. _ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether ( )2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither ( )3. Kate

28、 and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves ( )4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody ( )5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none;

29、any C. no one ; any( )6. Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? Im afraid I do. Ill be glad to lend money to _ but Charlie. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one( )7. The boy spent as much time playing computer games as he _ studying. A. does B. was C. had D. did( )8. He

30、 has two brothers and three sisters. Do you know _ of them? No, I know _ of them. A. some; none B. any; some C. any; none D. either; some( )9. I dont think we can do it all_. A. by ourselves B.by myself C. by ourself D.by yourselves( )10.The book on the shelf is_.She wrote_ name on its cover_. A.Her

31、s;her;herself B.Hers;hers;herself C. B.Herself;her;hers D. Her;herself;herself( )11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner, but_of them didn't came. A.another B.other C.the others D.the other( )12. -I don't think it very expensive to buy a family computer here.- Really? I'll

32、 buy _ next week.A. it B. this C. one D. mine( )13. -Which would you like, rice or noodles? -_is OK. I'm hungry. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All( )14. We found _ necessary to protect the environment.A. it B. this C. that D. what( )15. The weather in Beijing is cooler than _ in Guangzhou.A. t

33、his B. it C. that D. one( )16. There is _in today's newspaper.A. new anything B. new something C. anything new D. something new( )17.- May I use your pen? Mine is broken. - Of course, here are two and you can use _ of them.A. both B. every C. any D. either( )18. We can't buy anything because

34、 _of the shops are open at this time.A. all B. some C. any D. none( )19.- Please write to me when you have time. - Sure. But _is your e - mail address?A. when B. where C. what D. which( )20. He couldn't buy the dictionary because he had _money with him.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little( )21.

35、 There's _interesting in the film, so _is interested in it. A. something, nobody B. nothing, somebody C. anything, anybody. D. nothing, nobody.( )22. I think Tom's bike is older than _.A. my B. his C. your D. her( )23.-What's in your car? -_. A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None( )24.I

36、f you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay_ 15. A. another B. other C. more D. Each( )25. My cousin David is very busy with his home work. He has _time to read newspapers. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few( )26.The young lady _we met yesterday is our new math teacher. A. what B. w

37、hose C. whom D. Which( )27.Two foreigners are in the sitting room. One is Bruce and _is Jack. A. other B. the other C. one D. another( )28. _long bridge it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( )29. -Jim enjoys listening to country music. -_. A. So does Cathy B. Also is Cathy C. Cathy likes also D.

38、 So Cathy does( )30.We went to travel with some friends of _. A. us B. ours C. our D. ourselves答案第一階段: 語法筆記名詞1. 名詞是表示人、事物、地點、現象名稱的詞2. 名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞兩大類。 可數名詞有單、復數之分,而不可數名詞 沒有復數形式。3. 可數名詞變復數時有規則和不規則變化兩種:(1)規則變化一般情況下, 直接加s 。如books,pens以-s,-x,-ss, -sh,-ch結尾, 加-es 。如buses,wishes以-f,-fe結尾, 把f、fe變為v,再加es

39、。如knife-knives以“輔音字母+y”結尾,把y變為i,再加es 。如lady-ladies以-o結尾,有生命的名詞加 es ,無生命的名詞加 s 。(2)不規則變化 改a為e。如 man-men , woman-women ,policeman-policemen 等 改oo為ee。如 foot-feet , tooth-teeth 等 改ou為i 。如 mouse-mice。 單復數同形。如 sheep , deer ,fish, Japanese , Chinese 后加(r)en。如ox-oxen , childchildren 4. 不可數名詞量的表示法如果想表示不可數名詞具

40、體的數量,可以用“ 不定冠詞/基數詞+計量詞+of+不可數名詞”。若想表達量的復數概念,只需把計量詞 變為復數。如:a piece of papertwo pieces of paper a glass of apple juicethree glasses of apple juice5. 名詞所有格 (1)s形式的所有格 (a)有生命的單數名詞和不以-s結尾的有生命的復數名詞,在其后加 s ;以-s結尾的,只加 。如:my fathers car, Teachers Day (b)表示兩個或兩個以上的人共同擁有某人或某物在 在最后一個人的名字后加s ;若表示分別擁有,則 分別加s。 (c)

41、表示時間、路程、城市、國家等無生命的事物的所有關系時,可以加 s 或 。如todays newspaper, ten hours walk (2)of短語構成的所有格 沒有生命 的名詞一般用of短語來表示所有關系。(3) 雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有 冠 詞、 數 詞、 不定代 詞、 物主代 詞或指示代 詞時,常用“ of+所有格”的形式,即雙重所有格來表示所有關系。如:a friend of Toms6. 名詞作定語修飾名詞的特殊情況 (1)名詞作定語修飾名詞時,作定語的名詞一般用 單 數。在該短語變復數時,只把中心詞變成復數。 (2)如果 man、 woman 作定語,被修飾的名詞變復數

42、時, man 、 woman 也應變成復數形式。如:one man doctor-ten men doctors,one woman teacher-four women teachers ( 3 )如果sport作定語,永遠用復數。如:a sports car-two sports cars冠詞冠詞不能單獨使用,要和 名詞 一起使用,用在 名詞 前幫助說明 名詞 的含義,冠詞分為不定冠詞 a 、an 和定冠詞 the 。1不定冠詞的辨析用a還是an,是由 元音因素 決定的,而不是元音字母。(1)有的詞雖然以輔音字母開頭,但卻用 an ,如: hour , honest (2)有的詞雖然以元音

43、字母開頭,但卻用 a 如:useful ,university one ;2不定冠詞的用法 (1)泛指一類人或物。如:A panda is very lovely。 (2)表示 數量“一”,但意義上沒有one強。如:a pen (3)第 一 次提到某物或某人時。如:I have a book。 (4)表示“ 每一 ”,相當于every。如:twice a day (5)用于某些 固定詞組中,如:a little, in a hurry3定冠詞的用法 (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。 (2)指談話雙方都知道的人或物。 (3)上文已經提到過的人或物。 (4)用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。 (5)用

44、在序數詞或形容詞最高級前。 (6)用在西洋樂器前。 (7)用在姓氏的復數前表示“全家人。 (8)用在方位詞前。 (9)用在某些固定詞組中。 4不用冠詞的情況 (1)如果名詞前已經有 指示代詞、 形容詞性物主代詞或 名詞所有格 等限定詞。 (2)表示學科、語言、三餐、球類運動、棋類運動的名詞前。如: Chinese lunch (3)表示星期、月份、季節、節日的名詞前。如: Sunday June (4)表示人名、國名、稱呼語或頭銜等的名詞前。如: Lucy China (但the United States,the United Kingdom前用the)(5)某些固定詞組前。如: by bu

45、s on foot 代詞代詞是代替名詞的詞,主要包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、復合不定代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞等。中考多集中在以下幾個方面:人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法與區別;形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的用法與區別;反身代詞的用法;形容詞修飾復合不定代詞的用法以及一些不定代詞,如some/any,both/either/neither,other/another/others等的辨析。1. 人稱代詞:1)主格 I we you you he she it they 2)賓格 me us you you him her it them 3)用法:(1)作 及物動詞或 介詞 的賓語。 (2)作 be動詞 的表語。4)人稱代詞并列使用時的順序:單數: 第二、第三、第一人稱 。復數:第一、第二、第三人稱 。2. 物主代詞:1)形容詞性物主代詞 my our your your his her its their 2)名詞性物主代詞 mine ours yours

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