1、* *Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天氣與自然話說中考隨著社會經濟的快速發展，社會和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環境很快就成為人們關注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點，這樣才能對問題進一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對所給信息進行歸納整合走進中考（湖北襄樊 2010）Earthquakes happen without warning（前兆）.They can happen any time of a day , at any point during the year .

2、 When an earthquake is happening , you should know what you should do or not do .Do NOT go outside . You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings . If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines（ 輸電線）.Stay under a desk , table , or other strong furniture . Hold on to

3、it . Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover yourmouth with a towel or clothing . Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside .Keep away from windows , pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building , and anything else that coul

4、d fall and hurt you. Most people get injured byfalling things during an earthquake , not by the shaking itself .Also keep away from a fire . You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe . Stayinside your car until the earth

5、quake stops,and dont drive near bridgesTry not tostop by power lines or trees . These could fall and hurt you閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。()1 . It isnt safe for you to while the earthquake is happening.A. run out of the buildingB. stay in a corner of the buildingC. cover your head with your armsD. cover your m

6、outh with a towelE. 2 . From this passage , we know .A. many people fear earthquakesB. earthquakes maybe happen at any timeC. we cant save ourselves in an earthquakeD. people never get injured in earthquakesE. 3 . The best title for this passage should be A. How Earthquakes HappenB. How to Drive a C

7、arC. What We Should Do in EarthquakesD. Why Earthquakes Happen解析1. A BCD三項在第三段可找到答案；根據第二段內容可知A項的做法是不安全的,故正確答案為 A。2. B 根據第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時會發生，故 B項為正確答案。3. C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發生地震時，我們應該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為Co話題專練Earthquakes may happen anywhere onthe earth . When some plates of theearth move suddenly , an

8、earthquake happens.Many earthquakes begin under thesea . They often happen near the mountainsDuring an earthquake , the shakingsmake rocks rise suddenly and evencrack(斷裂)open . Houses fall , people are killed or hurt , and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed .Can we do something to

9、keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists havestudied earthquakes and made maps that show the earthquake belts. In areas inthese belts , its possible for earthquakes to happen . In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.In the future , scientists will be able t

10、o tell when and where an earthquake willbe before they happen . They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1 . The reason for an earthquake isA. that there are so many plates on the earthB. that the sea is too deepC. rocks cracking openD. 2 . A lot of earthquakes often hap

11、pensA. in the areaB. next to mountainsC. at nightD. 3 . A map showing the earthquake belts will tell peopleA. what kind of houses to buildB. what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquakeC. where earthquake may happenD. 4 . Which is Not True according to the passage?A. During an earthquake people

12、are killed or hurt.B. The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is nowC. we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.D. 5. In the future , well be no longer so afraid of earthquakesA. with the help of scientists exact predictionB. because of a map showing the earthquake bel

13、tsC. because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes答案：1. A 根據文章第段中 “ When some plates of the earth move suddenly, anearthquake happens .可知，地球是由許多板塊構成的，板塊的移動產生了地震，所以 根源在板塊。2. B 根據短文第一段內容可知，地震常發生在山脈附近。3. C 根據短文第三段內容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發生地震。4. B 根據短文最后一段內容可知，專家預測將來能判定地震發生的時間和地點，而不是現在。5. A 根據短文最后一段內容可

14、以推測出專家能預測地震發生的時間和地點，所以我 們不必擔心將來發生地震。Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house .Greenhouses are used to grow plants , especially in winter . Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun , the glass panels（板）of the greenhouse let light in ,but keep heat from esc

15、aping . This causes the greenhouse to heat up , much like the inside of the parked in sunlight , and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter .The earths atmosphere（ 大氣）is all around us . It is the air that we breathe . Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a

16、greenhouse . Sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere, passing through the blanketof greenhouse gases . As it reaches the Earthssurface , land , water , andbiosphere（ 生物圈），they take up the sunlights energy. Once the heat is taken up,this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passe

17、s back intospace , but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases,causing our world to heat up .The greenhouse effect is important . Without the greenhouse effect , the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live . But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger , it co

18、uld make the earth warmer than usual. Even a little extrawarming may bring problems to humans, plants , and animals .根據短文內容，回答下列問題。1. What are greenhouses used for?2. Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside?3. What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse?4. If we

19、 didnt have the greenhouse effect , what would happen?5. What does the article mainly tell us?答案：1 . They are used for growing plants .答案來自第二段的第一句。2 .根據短文第二段中溫室效應的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels ofthe greenhouse can let light in , and keep heat from escaping .3 .根據短文第三段的 much of it remains trapp

20、ed in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases”可知，溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用，即答案是 Greenhousegases in the atmosphere .4 .根據最后一段內容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應，人類就不能生存，即答案為 Humans couldnt live because the earth would not be warm enough.5 .根據全文內容可知，主要是溫室效應及對人類的影響，所以答案為It mainly tells uswhat the greenhouse effect is and its inf

21、luence.No one can change the weather . But if read the signs correctly around us , we can know how the weather will be . This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries and inall countries , people have studied the weath

22、er and tried to make weather forecasting . Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel intheir bones the coming of wet weather . Their joints( 關節)ache . Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming , but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way . It is

23、probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly low. Ifyou see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine . Such rainbows come in the evening . If the stars twinkle clearly at night , then fine weather will continue . If a fog appears in th

24、e evening just above a river , then the day will be warm . If the sunset is mostly red in color , then the morning , rainy weather will probably come . Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting .根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1 . Peoples

25、joints acheA. is a sign of coming rainB. because they are illC. without any reasonD. because of the insects()2 . Which is true about weather forecasting?A. Weather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day or two .B. Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will

26、be like.C. People can change the weather forecasting .D. Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain.E. 3 . The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will.A. be rainyB. be warmC. continue clear and fineD. be coldE. 4 . A rainbow during rainy weather is a of the fin

27、e weather.A. sign B. way C. method D . roadF. 5 . We must to make weather forecasting .A. use our eyes and brainsB. study the weather hardC. read the weather hardD. all of the above答案：1. A 根據短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather. 可知，人們的一些關節疼痛是雨天來臨的標志。2. B 根據短文內容可知，天氣預報是對未來幾天的預

28、測；不是對天氣的報道，也不是雨天的標志，即排除 A、D;根據短文第一句可知“人們更不能改變天氣”排除 C,所 以答案是B。3. C 根據短文中Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming,和 If thestars twinkle clearly at night , then fine weather will continue . 可知， 鳥兒飛的高和 夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。4. A 根據短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign tha

29、t the weather will become clear and fine .可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標志。5. D從整篇文章來看，對天氣的了解不僅靠人們的眼睛和大腦，還要繼續多觀察和研究，所以選 Do四Green is more than just a color . It also means taking special steps to protect the environment the water , the land , and the air we breathe . What can you do? Heres one of the guides to being

30、green ：Sometimes people call our society a throwaway society . That means that were a little willing to throw away old things and buy new things. Many times , evenif you no longer need something , someone else just might . For example , if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop（籃筐

31、），why not give it to another family who has a little kid?Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have:Use rechargeable（ 可再充電的）batteries for your laptops , MP3 players , cell phones , and digital cameras .Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable（次性的）paper or plastic cups .Take your

32、own bags when you go to the grocery storeDrink tap water instead of buying bottled water. If you dont like how your tapwater tastes , a low-cost filtration（ 過濾）system could make a difference . Get a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you.Organize an exchange among your friends . What can

33、you exchange? Books , toys , even clothes . Its a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away.根據短文內容，完成句子。1. Green is not only a color but also means2. If your brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop, you can.3. You should instead

34、 of disposable paper or plastic cups.4. You can exchange with your friends .5. The article mainly tells us答案：1 .根據短文第一段內容可知，綠色不僅是一種顏色，還是環保的一種標志，即答案為 taking special steps to protect the environment。2 . 根據短文中 “if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop（籃筐），why not give it to another

35、family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送給別的小孩子，即答案為give if to another family who has a little kid。3 .根據短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個人專用杯來代替一次性杯子或塑料杯, 即答案是 choose reusable travel cups 。4 .根據短文最后一段內容可知，可交換的東西有 books , toys , and clothes 。5 .通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環保，所以答案是how toprotect our environment in our live

36、s 。五There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth . Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own Plant flowers , grass or trees . Whenever you visit a park or a beach , take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into

37、 a dustbin. Turn off the lights , TV sets when you leave a room . This saves a lot of electricity . Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth . You can save some water by not letting it run . Also , use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper . Keep the doors and windows clos

38、ed in winter to keep warm air in. Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away . Give your clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away. Use both sides of paper . Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby.Encourage all your friends to do the s

39、ame things you do to help protect the earth .If everyone makes contribution to protect the environment , the world will become much more beautiful .根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 )1 . From the above , we know that the passage isA. an adB. a proposal( 建議)C. a signD. a noticeE. 2 . The writer mainly tells usA. to pou

40、r dirty water into the riversB. to throw rubbish into a dustbinC. to save water by turning on the tap while brushing our teethD. that we cant do all these things every dayE. 3 . We can to save paper .A. use both sides of paperB. pick up waste paper at schoolC. use a paper cupD. give old toys to poor

41、 childrenE. 4. Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer?A. Turn off the lights when you leave a room .B. Close the doors and windows in winter .C. Use a paper cup when you brush your teethD. Give your old clothes to the poor children.()5 . The title of this passage isA. Save Water and

42、 ElectricityB. Protect the EarthC. Make Better Use of Old ThingsD. Save Money答案：1. B根據短文內容可知這是一則倡議書。2. B由“you can put it into a dustbin可知答案。3. A由第八條建議可知答案是 use both sides of paper。4. C 由第四條建議use a glass or cup instead of a paper one可知，答案是 C。5. B根據短文大意可知是談論保護地球。六How many plastic bags do you use every

43、 day? Is there any chance for us to live without them? What can we do to have less plastic pollution? A performanceinHangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives.In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou , five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and t

44、hrough the crowd. The performance called on people touse more cloth bags instead of plastic ones.Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers( 顧客)in two food markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary schoolOn that day , when leaving the f

45、ood markets , customers were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bags . Several hundred plastic bags were collected in two hours .If we do nothing about it , the earth will be eaten up by white pollution. Andhumans will become plastic men , said one of the performers .How can you breathe

46、in so many plastic bags? A middle-aged woman asked one performer . How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags? the performer answered .Starting from June last year , plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets , shopping malls or food markets all over the country.Peo

47、ple are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1. Since June last year people should plastic bags all over the country .A. pay forB. getC. use as many asD. stop usingE. 2 . A performance took place inA. a supermarketB. a plastic bag shopC. HangzhouD. a schoolE. 3 . Why did

48、 the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around?F. They wanted .A. to ask people to overuse plasticsB. to invite people to go to the supermarketC. to give people more bagsD. to persuade people not to use plastic bagsE. 4. If we dont do something against the pollution, humans .A. will be poll

49、utedB. will become plastic menC. wont be comfortableD. will be plastic onesE. 5 . The main idea of this passage is about pollution.A. white B. air C. water D. light答案：1. A 文章中講到自2008年6月1日起，為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料 袋，而不是禁止使用。2. C 根據文章第段最后句A performance in Hangzhou makes people thinkmore about the overuse of

50、 plastic bags in our lives可知， 這個演出活動在杭州舉行。3. D根據文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號召人們用布袋代替塑料袋。4. B 根據笫五段主要介紹如果我們人類再不做些事情制止白色污染，那么地球有一天會被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也會被污染成plastic men 。5. A由短文內容可知文章主旨是有關白色污染的。七What would you do if you were the mayor（市長）of your city? We asked somestudents from different cities . Here are what they s

51、aidDeng Chuan , 15, from DazhouWith the development of modern industry（工業）,more and more waste water isbeing poured into the Zhouhe River . It has caused serious pollution . The river is becoming so dirty that few living things can live in it. So , if I were the mayor , Iwould order all the factorie

52、s that pour the waste water into the river to close down . As we all know , water is the source（ 根源）of our lives . It is very important to protect water .Zhang Yan , 14, from ChengduAnd there are not enoughOur city is more and more beautiful . But sometimesits not convenient for the blind . There ar

53、e not enough pavements（ 人行道）in our city . Some of the old ones arebroken . They may not be safe to walk on! If I were the mayor of our city , I would build more pavements for the blindWang Lili , 16, from ChongqingThere are more and more old people in our cityplaces for them to relax and enjoy thems

54、elves.So, if I were the mayor , I would buildan activity center in each residential（住宅）area for the old . So old people can playcards or chess . This will make old people not feel lonely any more and spend remaining years comfortably .根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1. What does Deng Chuan care for?A. water polluti

55、on .B. Air pollution .C. Pavements for the blind .D. Activity centers for the old .()2 . Whos the youngest of the three students?A. Deng ChuanB. Zhang Yan .C. Wang Lili . D. I dont know .()3 . What does the underlined word convenient mean in Chinese?A.方便的 B.簡單的 C.便宜的 D.具有吸引力的()4. Where is Wang Lili

56、from?A. Dazhou . B. Chengdu . C. Chongqing . D. Zhouhe .()5 . Which of the following is FALSE?A. Its very important for Dazhou to protect water.B. There are enough pavements for the blind in Chengdu.C. There arent enough places for the old people to relax and enjoy themselvesin Chongqing .D. Some of

57、 the old pavements in Chengdu are broken答案：1. A 根據短文中第一個學生的答語可知，more and more waste water is beingpoured into the Zhouhe River . It has caused serious pollution . 確定答案是 A。2. B 根據三個同學的簡介可知，Zhang Yan 年齡最小。3. A 根據上下句的關系可知，是對盲人不方便。4. C 根據最后那名學生的介紹可知，她來自重慶。5. B 從 Zhang Yan 的介紹中的第三句There are not enough pavements（人行道）in our city .可知，B項是錯誤的。八Different weather makes people feel different . It inf