1、 英譯漢英譯漢 第七講第七講 省略法省略法 英譯漢英譯漢 第七講第七講 教學內容：教學內容： 1. 從語法角度的省略從語法角度的省略 2從修辭角度的省略從修辭角度的省略 教學目的：教學目的： 通過課堂和課后練習全面掌握英譯漢中的省略法通過課堂和課后練習全面掌握英譯漢中的省略法 教學重點和難點：教學重點和難點： 1. 省代詞；省省代詞；省it；省連接詞；省冠詞；省前置詞省連接詞；省冠詞；省前置詞 2. 短語的省略；某些詞語的省略短語的省略；某些詞語的省略一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看(一一) 省代詞省代詞省略作主語的人稱代詞省略作主語的人稱代詞（1）前句主語在后句多次出現前句主語在后句多次出現

2、 -Thats the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. -Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.但我就是這個脾氣，雖然幾經努力，卻未能改變但我就是這個脾氣，雖然幾經努力，卻未能改變過來。過來。向他的朋友一樣，他頭腦里雖然有許多美妙的想向他的朋友一樣，他頭腦里雖然有許多美妙的想法，卻只有少數付諸實施。法，卻只有少數付諸實施。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看（2）泛指的英語人稱代詞

3、作主語）泛指的英語人稱代詞作主語-When will he arrive? You can never tell.-They say its so.-We have seven days in a week.-The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.他什么時候到？很難說。他什么時候到？很難說。據說是這樣。據說是這樣。人生的意義不在于已獲取的，而在于渴望獲得人生的意義不在于已獲取的，而在于渴望獲得什么樣的東西。什么樣的東西。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看2

4、. 省略作賓語的代詞省略作賓語的代詞-The following letter will explain itself and needs no explanation.-You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.-If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.-That dishonest boy is not at all ill. He is alive and kicking in the swimming pool. We all saw

5、 him.下面的話一看就明白，用不著解釋下面的話一看就明白，用不著解釋。請原諒，我以后再也不提這事了。請原諒，我以后再也不提這事了。如果你讀過這些故事，就用自己的話講出來。如果你讀過這些故事，就用自己的話講出來。那個不誠實的孩子根本沒病那個不誠實的孩子根本沒病,他在游泳池里活蹦亂他在游泳池里活蹦亂跳的，我們都看見了。跳的，我們都看見了。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看3. 省略物主代詞省略物主代詞-For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room, its electric wiring, its path a

6、nd its garden.-In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.兩周以來他一直注意觀察房子的情況，查看各個兩周以來他一直注意觀察房子的情況，查看各個房間、留心電線的走向以及通道和花園的布局。房間、留心電線的走向以及通道和花園的布局。為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人類和大自然不斷地進行著斗爭。類和大自然不斷地進行著斗爭。一一. 從語

7、法角度看從語法角度看（二）省略（二）省略it 1. 非人稱用非人稱用it-A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in straight lines.-Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.光的一個盡人皆知的特性是直線傳播。光的一個盡人皆知的特性是直線傳播。外面漆黑一團，下著瓢潑大雨。外面漆黑一團，下著瓢潑大雨。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看2. 強調句型中的強調句型中的it-It is only shallow people who jud

8、ge by appearance.- It was in September 1939 that the Second World War broke out. 只有淺薄的人才會以貌取人。只有淺薄的人才會以貌取人。就是在就是在1939年的年的9月爆發了第二次世界大戰。月爆發了第二次世界大戰。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看(三三) 省略連接詞省略連接詞省略并列連接詞省略并列連接詞and和和or-Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.-Men and women, old and young, all joined in the batt

9、le.-Promote physical culture and build up the peoples health.賓利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有禮賓利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有禮男女老少都參加了戰斗。男女老少都參加了戰斗。發展體育運動，增強人民體質。發展體育運動，增強人民體質。一一. 從語法角度看從語法角度看2. 省略從屬連接詞省略從屬連接詞（1）省略表原因的連接詞）省略表原因的連接詞-We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. （2）省略表條件的連接詞）省略表條件的連接詞-If you write to him, the response

10、would be absolute silence and void. -Now, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, dont you think it all right?我們看見了一只知更鳥，知道春天快要到了。我們看見了一只知更鳥，知道春天快要到了。你給他寫信永遠都是石沉大海。你給他寫信永遠都是石沉大海。你們看，把這個沙發靠墻放，把房里的東西你們看，把這個沙發靠墻放，把房里的東西都搬出來，只留下椅子，怎么樣？都搬出來，只留下椅子，怎么樣？（3

11、）省略表時間的連接詞）省略表時間的連接詞-Sunday is the day when I am least busy.-When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 周日我最閑。周日我最閑。最后他站在懸崖邊，轉過身來悲傷地看著他最后他站在懸崖邊，轉過身來悲傷地看著他的小妹妹。的小妹妹。(四四) 省略冠詞省略冠詞-I saw a boy and a girl on my way home. The boy had a book and t

12、he girl a doll.-A boy is always a boy. -Milk is sold by the pound.(五五) 省略前置詞省略前置詞:譯成漢語如果出現在句首，譯成漢語如果出現在句首，可以省略。出現在句尾則不能省。可以省略。出現在句尾則不能省。1. 省略表時間的前置詞省略表時間的前置詞-The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.-On Sundays we have no school. 2. 省略表地點的前置詞省略表地點的前置詞-Smoking is prohibited in public places.

13、-She hid behind the door. (不省不省)二二. 從修辭角度來看從修辭角度來看(一一) 短語的省略短語的省略-University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.-As it happens, we did not meet there. 報考大學的人，有工作經驗的優先錄取。報考大學的人，有工作經驗的優先錄取。我們并未在那里碰頭。我們并未在那里碰頭。(二二) 漢語中不言而喻或可有可無的詞省略漢語中不言而喻或可有可無的詞省略-There w

14、as no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.-Could you help me in any way?沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。你能幫幫我嗎？你能幫幫我嗎？(三三) 同義詞、近義詞和意義重復的詞省略同義詞、近義詞和意義重復的詞省略-He was safe and sound.他平安無恙。他平安無恙。 Assignment1He who knows not and knows not he knows not, he is a fool - shun him.2He who knows

15、 not and knows he knows not, he is simple -teach him.3He who knows and not knows he knows, he is asleep- wake him.4He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise- follow him!5Never trouble yourself with troubles till trouble troubles you.6Since you dont want to go, we wont force you to.7If winter comes

16、, can spring be far behind?8When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.Assignment9. The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others A young son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donke

17、ys creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.10. He stirred, and dug his face deeper in the damp, warm curve of the pillow.

18、He was back at the field. The dusk of two hours earlier was graying all around him, the ceaseless raucous roar of just two hours ago was crashing on his heedless earsKey to Assignment1. He who knows not and knows not he knows not, he is a fool - shun him.2. He who knows not and knows he knows not, h

19、e is simple -teach him.3. He who knows and not knows he knows, he is asleep- wake him.4. He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise- follow him!無知且不知其無知者，乃愚昧之人無知且不知其無知者，乃愚昧之人-應避之。應避之。無知且知其無知者，乃單純之人無知且知其無知者，乃單純之人-應誨之。應誨之。知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人-應喚之。應喚之。知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人-應從之。應從之。Key

20、 to Assignment5. Never trouble yourself with troubles till trouble troubles you.6. Since you dont want to go, we wont force you to.7. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?8. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north

21、.不要自尋煩惱。不要自尋煩惱。你不愿意去，我們也不勉強。你不愿意去，我們也不勉強。冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。Key to Assignment9. The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others A young son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkeys creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near