1、Unit 51. To know more about the -ing form.2. To analyze the sentence structures and get the right answers.3. To make a conclusion about how to use the -ing form properly.What is the function of the -ing form in each sentence below? Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form?1. As you

2、 can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.subjectpredicativeAs you can imagine, if you get burnt, it can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is

3、 to give first aid.3. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.attributeadverbial; object complementIt is best to run some cool water and place b

4、urns under it, especially within the first ten minutes.Use scissors to remove any clothes if necessary, unless you find that the fabric is sticking to the burnt skin.5. You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.object after a prepositionTo protect the burnt area, you can

5、 cover it with a loose clean cloth.1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成形式的構(gòu)成：是在動(dòng)詞末尾加：是在動(dòng)詞末尾加 -ing 形式構(gòu)成，因此又叫動(dòng)詞的形式構(gòu)成，因此又叫動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式形式。 eg do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定否定形式：形式：not+ -ing 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，還數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句

6、中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、形式在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等成分。定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等成分。-ing form動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞1. 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)上上：動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞 -ing形式表主動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)eg Do you know the woman talking to Tom?2. 時(shí)態(tài)上時(shí)態(tài)上：動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞 -ing形式表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行形式表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行eg developing country boiling water動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的特點(diǎn)：形式的特點(diǎn)：3. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing 形式的構(gòu)成形式的構(gòu)成主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式doingbein

7、g done完成式完成式having donehaving been done否定式否定式: not doing/not having been done1) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ) 直接置于句首直接置于句首 eg 學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me. 說(shuō)比做容易。說(shuō)比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing.4. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式的功能的功能 用形式主語(yǔ)用形式主語(yǔ)it，把真正的主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)-ing形式移置句形式移置句尾。但這種句子

8、形式有一定的限制，作表語(yǔ)尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞。的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞。 eg 和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。 It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 這事值得去做。這事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort. 和你一起工作很愉快。和你一起工作很愉快。 It is pleasant working with you.歸納：常用歸納：常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做

9、做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是沒(méi)益是沒(méi)益/用處的用處的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的There is/was no point doing 干干無(wú)意義無(wú)意義2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作形式作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)常跟動(dòng)詞常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, bear, escape, stand, deny, consider, mind, miss, finish, resist, imagine

10、, risk, practice, suggest有些有些動(dòng)詞既可以跟動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式，又可以跟形式，又可以跟不定不定式式做賓語(yǔ)，但意義有所區(qū)別。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：做賓語(yǔ)，但意義有所區(qū)別。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean。need, want, require既可以用動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式也可用也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法不同。不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法不同。用法用法sb. need(s) / want(s) to do sth. sth. need(s)/ want(s)/ require(s)+ doing/ to

11、 be done（主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義）（主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義）無(wú)論無(wú)論是普通介詞還是含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，是普通介詞還是含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，一一般般情況下都要用動(dòng)詞情況下都要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。形式作賓語(yǔ)。3) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)被修飾的名詞與被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為邏非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示形式表示被修飾詞的特征被修飾詞的特征I have never seen a more moving movie. 不及物動(dòng)不及物動(dòng)詞詞-ing形形式作定語(yǔ)式作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行行Th

12、e woman sending her children to school is my history teacher.4) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) eg Our job is playing all kinds of music. The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 注：一般來(lái)講注：一般來(lái)講，動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作作表語(yǔ)有兩種表語(yǔ)有兩種情況情況，一，一是名詞性，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可是名詞性，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可以互換以互換。 eg Playing all kinds of music is our job. 二二是形容詞性

13、，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，是形容詞性，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征， 主主表不可互換表不可互換。常跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有常跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。等詞。eg I saw him walking in the street. 我我看見(jiàn)他在街上走。看見(jiàn)他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛Ｂ?tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?We found the boy sleeping. 我們我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。5) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式

14、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)6) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式方式、伴隨情況、伴隨情況等，等，其前可加連詞其前可加連詞while, when, once, if, unless等等。 eg Crossing the street, he was knocked down by a car. He fell off the bike, breaking his left leg. A group of children were sitting around th

15、e teacher, playing games.用用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. Listen! Do you hear someone _ (call) my name? 2. There are about 200 children _ (study) in this art school. 3. Lucys _ (turn) up at the meeting surprised everyone present. callingstudyingturning4. I still remember _ (take) to the Science Museum

16、 for the first time when I was a little girl. 5. Although _ (repeat) his words many times, the teacher still couldnt make the girl understand what he meant. 6. When I went back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ (say) “Sorry to have missed you. I will call later.” repeatingsayingbeing taken1.

17、 The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷III)surrounding2. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with compu

18、ter simulations (模擬模擬) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _ (walk) through a rainforest. (2020年全國(guó)新高考年全國(guó)新高考I卷卷)3. Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and in dry areas, _ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉灌溉) their fields. (202

19、0浙江卷浙江卷)walkingmakingReplace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary. Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the -ing form. When is each one used?1. When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.When getting out o

20、f the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.vi. 滑到；滑到；滑落；溜走滑落；溜走n. 浴缸；浴盆浴缸；浴盆2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week? 3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made he very careful while using hairdryers. Is there any reason for

21、not having the first-aid training this week?Having been told about the risk of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applie

22、d some medicine to her skin.Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.n. 蚊子蚊子主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式 doingnot doing being donenot being done完

23、成式完成式 having donenot having been donehaving been donenot having been doneComplete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Tayor?Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman _ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no lon

24、ger feel the right side of her body. _ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having troule _ (breathe). livingTryingbreathingadj. 年紀(jì)較大的；年紀(jì)較大的；上了年紀(jì)的上了年紀(jì)的n. 地毯地毯Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her,

25、 and she was able to reach it with her left hand while _ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone _ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push of a button, so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Tayor discovered that she could not speak. _ (not, hea

26、r) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs Tayor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs Tayor that everything would be OK, lyingwas already set upNot hearingn. 電話接線員；電話接線員；操作員操作員she immediately sent an ambulance. After _ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Tayor and without delay gave he oxygen, p

27、ut in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs. _ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs Tayors health was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her _ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.arrivingHaving been takenfright

28、eningn. 救護(hù)車(chē)救護(hù)車(chē)vi.& vt. 推遲；推遲；延期延期n. 針；注針；注射針射針n. 病房病房What happened to Mrs Tayor?She had a stroke when she was alone at home. She called for an ambulance and was saved in time.You have just read about Mrs Taylors experience. Do you think she is lucky? Why or why not? Do you know any old person living alone? What is his/her life like? Discuss the following questions.1. What should people do when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Tayors? When