1、一、被動語態1) 被動語態最基本的句型結構是： be + Vp.p （及物動詞過去分詞）be 動詞可以隨時態人稱的變化而變化一、 被動語態的用法： 1. 一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned every day. I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. Di

2、nosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more tree

3、s will be planted next year. 5. 含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike n

4、ow. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. 7. 不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 練習：1. The boy _ to get supper ready after school yesterday A. were told B. is telling C. was told D. tells2. A lot

5、of new roads _ built in the west of China in ten years A. must B. will be C. has D. have 3. Chinese _ by the largest number of people. A. speak B. is speaking C. speaks D. is spoken4. The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebu

6、ild5. The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to2) 被動語態中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞原則上，只有及物動詞才有被動語態，但是，許多不及物動詞加上介詞或者副詞，變成及物動詞短語如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，這時也可有被動語態。此時應注意短語的整體性，即后面的介詞或副詞不要丟掉。例如： We should speak to old people politely. Old people _

7、_ _ _ politely by us.She will take good care of the children（變被動語態） The children will _ _ _ _ _ by her1 規則動詞的過去分詞1） 一般情況下栽動詞原形后面加 ed2） 以不發音e結尾的加-d3） 以輔音字母加y結尾的，把y改i加-ed4） 以重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母在家-edwatch-watched practice-practicedstudy-studied stop-stopeed2. 不規則動詞的過去分詞am have do-doneis been wri

8、te-writtenare has go-gone3）被動語態的疑問式：把第一個助動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構成。例如：Where could they grow these vegetables？（改為被動語態）Where _ vegetables _ _? 【翻譯練習】1. 孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。（welcom）2. 這次英語演講比賽將會在下星期五舉行。(hold)3. 在過去五年里，他被認為是這個村里最有才華的年輕人。(consideras)4. Jim正在院子里修理他的自行車。（repair）5. 就網球來說他還從來沒有被別人打敗過。/ 他在網球上海從來沒有遇到過對手。（beat）6

9、. 你不必把這封信打印出來。（print）7. 據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。8. 據專家所說，所有的橋梁必須重建。（rebuild）3) 在下列情況下，一般使用被動語態：（1）表示據說或相信 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如： It is said that 據說It is reported that 據報道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well know

10、n that 眾所周知It is thought that大家認為It is suggested that據建議It is taken granted that 被視為當然It has been decided that 大家決定 It must be remember that 務必記住的是4) 注意被動語態的幾個特殊情況：（1） 帶雙賓語的兩種被動語態形式： 把指人的間接賓用作被動句的主語，如： She gave me a book. I was given a book by her. 把指物的直接賓語用作被動句的主語，此時，間接賓語前需加介詞to或for, 如： She gave me

11、 a book. A book was given to me by her. She bought me a present. A present was bought for me by her.Her mother gave her a new pen（變被動語態）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （3）復合賓語的主動句在轉換成被動句時，那些感官動詞和使役動詞如make，see，feel, hear等后所省略的動詞不定式to需被還原。例如： My teacher made me do my homework. I was made to do my ho

12、mework by my teacher.Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（變被動語態） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 5) 主動形式表示被動意義 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.這本書銷路好。 This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。2）need/want/require/worth

13、 當 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時，表示的是被動意義。例如： Your hair needs cutting.= Your hair needs to be cut. The flowers require watering. 6) 被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業

14、于一所有名的大學。注意：表示同某人結婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.8) 不宜使用被動語態的幾種情況：（1）有些動詞如happen和動詞短語如take place是沒有被動語態的。9） 熟記教材中與被動語態相關的固定搭配和句型。例如：be made of / from /in / by, be used for/ as 等。Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts _ Shanghai Amade of

15、；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in 10）被動語態的判斷方法。 當句中出現by sb，with sth短語時常使用被動語態，如： The door was locked by me. The road was covered with snow.及物動詞之后沒有賓語常需用被動語態，如： I _ (ask) to answer the question. 我們知道，ask是及物動詞，其后必須接賓語。但在此題中，ask 之后并沒有賓語。這當然不是題目出錯了，而是ask的賓語I已經到句首當主語動作的承受者做主語，

16、自然應使用被動語態：I was asked to answer the question.當主語和謂語動詞之間形成邏輯上的被動關系時應使用被動語態，如上文所提到的句子“黑板已經擦過了”： The blackboard _(clean).“黑板”與“擦”之間的邏輯關系是：“黑板”被“擦”，故應使用被動語態：The blackboard has been cleaned.三.鞏固練習1. She said that the car_ (use) the next week.2. The desk must _ (clean) once a day.3. Jiefang trucks_ (make)

17、 in Changchun.4. A pen is used for_ (write).5. All that must _ (do). 6. They find it useful_ (learn) English.7. The radio_ (use) once in a week in our class. It_ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.8. John_ (elect) president of the class instead of Harry.【單項選擇】( ) 1 The Peo

18、ples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind

19、 of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. It

20、s been sold D. it had been sold ( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing

21、 C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been w

22、ritten C. has not writtenD. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( ) 16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I

23、 badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 17_ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. writte

24、n by【完整版練習】( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is o

25、ften sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it s

26、old B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the worl

27、d.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet.A. have not wr

28、itten B. have not been written C. has not writtenD. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( ) 16 _ the wa

29、tch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 17_ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wr

30、ote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxesA. was B. were C. is D. am( )21 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can men

31、d B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 25 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown ( ) 26

32、 The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 28The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was u

33、sed; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )29Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 30 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( ) 31 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. han

34、ging D. hung( )32 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33 The teapot _ water. A.is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled ( ) 34Old people must be looked after well and _ p

35、olitely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 35 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 36 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( )37 They w

36、ere_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 38These walls_stone.A.are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( ) 39 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( )40 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B.

37、show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 41 The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( ) 42 I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 43 Good care_such things.A.should take of B. should be takenC. should be t

38、aking D. should be taken of( ) 44She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you( )45The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done ( ) 46 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean ( ) 47 These children_dance. A. were seen to B.