1、宮 palace殿 hall亭 pavilion臺(tái) platform tower樓 building tower閣 tower attic剎 temple壇 the temple of the heaven龕 shrine廟 taoist temple寺 temple庵 nunnery觀 taoist temple河 moat齋 study莊 store /shop /village館 mansion /guesthouse /museum塢 shelter軒 veranda/pavilion水榭 pavilion on the water角樓 watchtower鼓樓 drum tower鐘

2、樓 clock tower古代鐘樓bell tower牌樓 memorial arch屏風(fēng) screen壁畫 murals塔（舍利塔式的） dagoba塔（寶塔式的） pagoda寺院 monastery中國(guó)古建史名詞中英文對(duì)照中國(guó)古建史名詞中英文對(duì)照 （全國(guó)自然科學(xué)名詞審定委員會(huì) 1996 年公布）1 、中國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造宮palace,temple殿hall廳hall又稱 “堂”室room房house亭pavilion臺(tái)platform壇altar樓storied building閣pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavi

3、lion軒windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house闕que, watchtower牌樓pailou, decorated gateway華表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof廡殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramidal roof園攢尖round

4、 pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式構(gòu)架post and lintel construction穿斗式構(gòu)架column and tie construction井干式構(gòu)架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column內(nèi)槽柱hypostyle column唐代術(shù)語(yǔ)內(nèi)柱hypostyle column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)山柱center co

5、lumn角柱corner column唐、宋術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雷公柱suspended column帳桿suspended column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)側(cè)腳cejiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角背bracket由戧inverted V-shaped brace* 手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柁墩wooden pier駝峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)梁beam袱beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)月梁cresc

6、ent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)抱頭梁baotou beam穿插枋penetra

7、ting tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檁purlin (used without dougong)小式摶purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檁ridged purlin小式脊摶ridged purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檁intermediate purlin小式上中平摶intermediate purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檁eave purlin小式下平摶eav

8、e purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)額枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式闌額architrave宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)由額墊板cushion board大式檐墊板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口構(gòu)造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口構(gòu)造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave

9、rafter飛檐椽flying rafter飛子flying rafter宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile edging宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block櫨斗cap block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)拱gong,b

10、racketarm翹flower arm, petal華拱flower arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)昂ang,lever槽升子center block齊心斗center block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)萬拱l(fā)ong arm慢拱l(fā)ong arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)廂拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單材拱outer-side bracket arm撐頭small t

11、ie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)耍頭nose攢set of bracket柱頭科bracket set on columns柱頭鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)平身科bracket sets between columns補(bǔ)間鋪?zhàn)鱞racket sets between columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角科bracket set on corner轉(zhuǎn)角鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on corner宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)cai跳tiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雀替sparrow brace搏縫板ga

12、ble eave board搏縫版gable eave board宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)木裝修joiners work外檐裝修exterior finish work內(nèi)檐裝修interior finish work框檻door frame檻stud抱框jamb on door or window格柵partition door抹頭window stool欞子grill裙板panel檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window門枕door bearing門簪decorative cylinder門跋door knocker門釘decorative nai

13、ls on door leaf門枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龕niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partition wall隔斷墻vertical partition wall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wal

14、l head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over疊澀corbel, hanging over宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角柱石corner pier階條石rectangular stone slab壓闌石rectangular stone slab宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)臺(tái)階steps踏道steps宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)踏垛step踏step宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)斗板石intermediate pier垂帶drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)象眼triangular space御路yulu, impe

15、rial path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyma, recta下裊lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao鉤欄balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單鉤欄single frieze balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)垂臺(tái)鉤欄double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital欄版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏plinth stone尋杖handrail宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柱頂石capita

16、l stone柱礎(chǔ)column base躓zhi碑碣stone tablet* 屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)趺fu, stone turtle清代術(shù)語(yǔ)石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾頭eave tile滴水drip tile瓦當(dāng)tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鴟尾chiwei宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戧脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走獸animal磚雕brick carving彩畫colored pattern, colored d