1、巧用構詞法記憶初中英語單詞初中生學習構詞法基礎知識也是非常有好處的，那就是它可以使我們能夠輕松認識更多單詞，以一種巧妙的方式擴大詞匯量，短期內記住更多的單詞。今天，就和小簡老師一起來學習構詞法的基礎知識吧！英語中的構詞法主要有三種，即轉化法、合成法和派生法。一.轉化法在英語中，一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉化法。1.動詞轉化為名詞 Letmehavea?try.?讓我試試。 Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoft?drinks?atschool.在學校里只準許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。2 .名詞轉化為動詞 He?shouldered?hisway

2、throughthecrowd.他用肩膀推開人群前進。 Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouth?water.從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。3 .形容詞轉化為動詞 Wewilltryourbestto?better?ourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。 Theytriedto?perfect?theworkingconditions.他們努力改善工作條件。4 .形容詞轉化為名詞 Hedidntknowthedifferencebetween?right?and?wrong.他不辨是非。 The?01d?inourvillagearel

3、ivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。5 .形容詞轉化為副詞HoW?long?haveyoulivedthere?你在那兒住多久了？6 .個別詞在一定場合中可轉化為名詞 Warmclothesarea?must?inthemountains.穿暖和的衣服到山區去是必須的。 Lifeisfullof?ups?and?downs.人生有得意時也有失意時。 Hisargumentcontainstoomany?ifs?and?buts.他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。二.合成法由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞

4、一般看其詞，知其意。1 .合成名詞 名詞/代詞+名詞？newspaper?blood-test?she-wolf 動詞+名詞？?typewriter?pickpocket?daybreak 形容詞+名詞?greenhouse?highway? 副詞+名詞？overcoat?outside 名詞+名詞?handwriting?reading-room?freezing-point? 動詞+副詞/副詞+動詞？?breakthrough?get-together?outbreak?outcome 名詞+介詞+名詞？sister-in-law?editor-in-chief?2 .合成形容詞 名詞+形

5、容詞/形容詞+名詞？?world-famous?duty-free?large-scale?long-term 副詞+形容詞？over-anxious?evergreen 名詞+過去分詞？man-made?sun-burnt 名詞+現在分詞？peace-loving?English-speaking 形容詞+現在分詞？good-looking?easy-going? 副詞+過去分詞？well-informed?widespread 副詞+現在分詞？hardworking?far-reaching 形容詞+名詞+ed?warm-hearted?absent-minded 數詞+名詞+ed?thr

6、ee-legged?ten-storied 數詞+名詞?one-way?five-star 數詞+名詞+形容詞？ten-year-old?800-meter-long 名詞+to+名詞？face-to-face?door-to-door?3 .合成動詞名詞+動詞？baby-sit?sleepwalk?副詞+動詞？outnumber?underestimate?overwork1 形容詞+動詞？whitewash4 .合成副詞形容詞+名詞？meanwhile?anyway形容詞+副詞？everywhere?anyhow副詞+副詞？however介詞+名詞？beforehand?overhead介

7、詞+副詞？forever?5 .合成代詞代詞賓格+self/selves?herself?themselves物主代詞+self/selves?myself?yourselves?形容詞+名詞？anything?nothing6 .合成介詞副詞+名詞？inside?outside介詞+副詞？without?within副詞+介詞？into三.派生法由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。1.前綴除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。（1）表示否定意義的前綴 un-?unhappy?unfinished?undress dis-?disagr

8、ee?disbelieve in-il-（在字母l前），im-（在字母m,b,p前），ir-（在字母r前）?inaccurate?illegal?impolite?imbalance?irregular mis-?misbehave?mislead?mistake non-?nonstop?nonsmoker（2）表示其他意義的前綴 en-?”使enrich?enlarge?encourage inter-?”相互international?intercontinental re-?”再，又，重rethink?retell?recycle tele-?”遠程的telescope?telepho

9、ne?telegraph auto-?“自動的automatic?automobile co-?“共同coworker?cooperatecoexist anti-?”反對，抵抗“antiwar?antifreeze?antinuclear multi-?多multistorymulticultural?multicolorbi-?“雙，二bicyclebilingual?bilateral micro-?”極小的，微小的“microwave?microcomputer over-?”太多，過分overwork?overdo?overestimate self-?”自己，本身self-cent

10、eredself-confident?self-control under-?”在下面，下的，不足的“underline,underground,?underestimate,underrate2.后綴（1）形容詞后綴 -able?“可的，具有的“acceptable?drinkable?knowledgeable?reasonable? -al?”與有關的“physical,magical,political -an?”屬于某地方的人American?African? -ern?”方向southern,northern,eastern -ful/less?（沒）有的helpful,usefu

11、l,?homeless,hopeless -ish?”如的；有特征的“foolish?childish?selfish -ive?”有傾向的“active?attractive?expensive -en?”由制成的“golden?wooden?woolen -ous?”有（性質）的“famous,dangerous,poisonous -ly?”有性質的“friendly?yearly?daily -y?”構成形容詞noisy?dusty?cloudy（2）名詞后綴 -er/or?”表人或用具”?farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container

12、-ese?”某國（人）的“Chinese,Japanese -ian?”某國、某地人；精通的人musician,Asian,Russian,technician -ist?”某種主義或職業者physicist,scientist,communist,socialist -ess?”表女性，雌性hostess,actress,princess -ment?”行為或其狀態government,movement,achievement -ness?”性質，狀態illness,sadness,carelessness -tion?”動作，過程，結果invention,organization,tran

13、slation -ance/ence?”抽象；行為、性質、狀態importance,appearance,absence,existence -th?”性質、情況”?depth,warmth,truth? -ful?”（滿的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful -（a）bility?抽象、性質、狀態possibility,disability,reliability -al?”過程、狀態survival,arrival,approval -y?”性質、情況”modesty,delivery,honesty -dom?”處于狀態；性質freedom,boredom -age?”狀態，行為，身份及其結果”courage,storage,marriage(3)動詞后綴 -fy/ify?”使得；變得“？simplify,beautify,purify -en?”使成為；變得?shorten,deepen,sadden -ize