1、新目標英語初一上冊語法重點詞匯句型A、名詞的數我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:一在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三1以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, docu

2、mentary-documentaries, story-stories2以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四以o結尾加s(外來詞。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六單復數相同(不變的有:fish, sheep,

3、deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員九合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為后一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teach

4、er-women teachers 十有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time 時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如:Is (Is, Ks (Ks。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs十二特殊形式的有:child-chi

5、ldren, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB名詞的格當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:一單數在后面加s。如:brothers, Mikes, teachers二復數以s結尾的直接在s后加,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers Day教師節, classmates; Childrens Day六一節, Womens Day三八節三由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個s,但

6、分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如: Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間(共住一間,Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間2、代詞項目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數 I me my mine myself復數 we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數 you you your yours yourself復數 you you your yours yourselves第三人稱單數 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its i

7、ts this that itself復數 they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A第三人稱單數一一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes三1以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enj

8、oys, buys四以o結尾加es。如:does, goes五特殊的有:are-is, have-hasB現在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:一一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-pra

9、cticing, write-writing, have-having三以重讀閉音節結尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:一一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直

10、接加r或st。如:greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二以重讀閉音節結尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier so

11、rriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己

12、背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。 first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a This is a book. (be動詞b He looks very young. (連系動詞c I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞d I can bring some thing

13、s to school. (情態動詞e Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結構否定陳述句 a These arent their books. b They dont look nice.c Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d Kate cant find her doll.e There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a Please go and ask the man. b Lets learn English!c Come in

14、, please.否定祈使句a Dont be late. b Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1 一般疑問句 a Is Jim a student? b Can I help you? c Does she like salad?d Do they watch TV? e Is she reading?肯定回答: a Yes, he is. b Yes, you can. c Yes, she does. d Yes, they do. e Yes, she is.否定回答: a No, he isnt. b No, you cant. c No, she doesnt. d No, th

15、ey dont. e No, she isnt.2 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3 特殊疑問句問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you?

16、 My e-mail address is cindyjones.問原因 Why do you want to join the club?問時間 Whats the time? (=What time is it? Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00.問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table.問顏色 What color are they? The

17、y are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black.問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?問東西 Whats this/that (in English? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,

18、strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動作 Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(身份 What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、時態1、一般現在時表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:B