1、汽車構造英漢對照詞匯總論汽車automobile拖拉機tractor鐵路機車locomotive有軌電車tram無軌電車 trolley軍用車輛 military vehicle蒸汽機steam engine煤氣機gas engine汽油機gasoline engine國民經濟 national economy國內生產總值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production全拆散 (CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革開放 reform and opening技術引進 technical import國產化 loca

2、lization支柱產業 pillar estate轎車car客車bus, coach貨車 truck, lorry公路用車 road vehicle非公路用車 off-road vehicle發動機 engine機體engine body曲柄連桿機構crank-connecting rod mechanism配氣機構 valve timing mechanism供給系 fuel supply system冷卻系 cooling system潤滑系 lubricating system點火系 ignition system起動系starting system底盤 chassis傳動系power

3、 train離合器clutch變速器gear box傳動軸 propeller shaft驅動橋 drive axle行駛系 running gear車架frame懸架suspension前軸 front axle橋殼axle housing車輪 wheel轉向系 steering system轉向盤steering wheel轉向器 steering gear轉向傳動裝置steering linkage助力裝置 power assisting device制動系 braking system控制裝置 control device供能裝置power supply device傳動裝置trans

4、fer device制動器brake車身 body車前板制件 front end panels車身殼體 body shell車門 door車窗window附屬裝置auxiliary device貨箱carrying platform發動機前置后輪驅動 (FR) front engine rear drive發動機前置前輪驅動 (FF) front engine front drive發動機后置后輪驅動 (RR) rear engine rear drive發動機中置后輪驅動 (MR) midship engine rear drive全輪驅動 (nWD) all wheel drive驅動力t

5、ractive force阻力 resistance滾動阻力 rolling resistance空氣阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附著作用 adhesion附著力adhesive force附著系數coefficient of adhesion第一章 發動機工作原理二沖程發動機 two stroke engine四沖程發動機four stroke engine水冷發動機water cooled engine風冷發動機 air cooled engine上止點 (UDP) upper dead point下止點(LDP) lower

6、dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直徑 bore工作容積working volume排量swept volume, displacement進氣行程 intake stroke壓縮行程 compression stroke壓縮比 compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock排氣行程 exhaust stroke示功圖 indicating diagram汽缸體 cylinder block汽缸蓋cylinder head油底殼oil sump活塞piston連桿connecting rod曲軸crankshaft飛

7、輪flywheel進氣門intake valve排氣門exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推桿push rod搖臂 rocker凸輪軸 camshaft正時齒輪 timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵 fuel pump汽油濾清器 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空氣濾清器 air cleaner進氣管intake manifold排氣管 exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug點火線圈 ignition coil斷電器 breaker蓄電池storage battery發電機 generator水泵water pump散熱器

8、radiator風扇 fan放水閥drain valve水套water jacket分水管 distributive pipe機油泵 oil pump集濾器suction filter限壓閥 relief valve潤滑油道 oil passage機油濾清器 oil filter機油冷卻器oil cooler起動機starting motor有效功率 effective power有效轉矩 effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption發動機轉速特性engine speed characteristic節氣門開度 throttle percenta

9、ge部分特性 partial characteristic外特性 outer characteristic 第二章 曲柄連桿機構汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner發動機支承 engine mounting活塞頂piston top活塞頭部 piston head活塞裙piston skirt開槽 slot活塞環 piston ring氣環 compression ring油環oil ring環槽groove活塞銷 piston pin主軸承 main bearing主軸承蓋 main bearing cap主軸瓦 main shell連桿軸承 big end

10、 bearing連桿蓋 big end cap起動爪cranking claw帶輪pulley平衡重counter weight發火順序 firing order扭振減振器torsional vibration damper第三章 配氣機構頂置氣門 (OHV) Over Head Valve頂置凸輪軸 (OHC) Over Head Camshaft單頂置凸輪軸(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft雙頂置凸輪軸(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft多氣門發動機multi-valve engine氣門間隙 valve clearance配氣相位 t

11、iming phase氣門桿valve stem氣門座 valve seat氣門導管valve guide氣門彈簧 valve spring第四章 汽油機供給系可燃混合氣 combustion mixture消聲器 silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分餾 distil蒸發性 evaporating property熱值heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛烷值 (RON) Research Octane Number過量空氣系數 coefficient of excessive air理論混合氣 theoretical mixt

12、ure稀混合氣thin mixture濃混合氣 thick mixture主供油系統main supply system怠速系統 idle system加濃系統thickening system加速系統accelerating system浮子 float浮子室float chamber針閥 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻風門 choke濾芯 filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉墊a*estos pad預熱 pre-heating汽油直接噴射 gasoline direct

13、injection電控 electronic control多點噴射 muti-point injection單點噴射single point injection電路控制 circuit control分電器信號distributor signal空氣流量信號 airflow signal冷卻水溫信號water temperature signal第五章 柴油機供給系輸油泵 transfer pump噴油泵fuel injection pump高壓油管high pressure fuel pipe發火性 ignition property黏度 viscosity凝點 condensing po

14、int備燃期 pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period緩燃期slow combustion period燃燒室 combustion chamber統一燃燒室 united chamber球形燃燒室ball shape chamber渦流室turbulence chamber預燃室 pri-combustion chamber噴油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞 plunger出油閥 delivery valve調速器governor兩速調速器 two speed governor全速調速器 full speed

15、 governor定速調速器fixed speed governor綜合調速器combined governor氣動調速器 pneumatic governor機械離心式調速器 mechanical centrifugal governor復合式調速器complex governor噴油提前角調節裝置advancer飛塊flyweight聯軸節coupling粗濾清器 primary filter細濾清器 secondary filter渦輪增壓器turbocharger中間冷卻器 intermediate cooler第六章 冷卻系節溫器thermostat防凍液anti-freezing

16、liquid補償水桶compensation reservoirV-帶V belt百葉窗shutter大循環 big circulation小循環 small circulation散熱翅片 fins第七章 潤滑系潤滑劑 lubricant壓力潤滑pressure lubrication飛濺潤滑splash lubrication潤滑脂 grease機油壓力傳感器oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通閥bypass valve機油散熱器oil cooler機油尺 dip stick加機油口oil filler曲軸箱通風 crankcase ventilation第八章

17、 點火系一次繞組primary winding二次繞組secondary winding熱敏電阻 heat sensitive resistance點火提前 ignition advance分電器 distributor活動觸點moving contact固定觸點 fixed contact分火頭distributor rotor arm電容器 condenser點火提前裝置 ignition advancer離心式點火提前裝置centrifugal ignition advancer真空式點火提前裝置 vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number r

18、ectifier中心電極 central electrode側電極 side electrode瓷絕緣體 ceramic insulator跳火間隙spark gap半導體點火系 semi-conductor ignition system晶體管 transistor二極管diode三極管 triode無觸點點火系 non-contact ignition system霍爾效應 Hall effect正極板 anode負極板cathode隔板 separator電解液 electrolyte蓄電池格battery cell接線柱 terminal電纜cable硅整流交流發電機silicon r

19、ectified A.C. motor轉子 rotor定子stator電刷 brush風扇葉輪 fan blade電壓調節器voltage regulator第九章 起動系手搖起動 cranking電熱塞 electric heater plug串激直流發電機 serial wound D.C. motor起動齒圈starter ring電磁操縱機構electro-magnetic control第十章 新型發動機三角活塞 triangular piston轉子發動機 rotary engine自轉rotary motion, rotation公轉orbit motion軌跡 trajecto

20、ry齒輪 gear齒圈 ring gear往復零件 reciprocal parts動平衡 dynamic balance燃氣渦輪發動機 gas turbine第十一章 汽車傳動系機械式傳動系mechanical transmission液力機械式傳動系hydro-mechanical transmission靜液式傳動系 static-hydraulic transmission電力式傳動系electrical transmission自動式傳動系automatic transmission減速reduction可變速比 variable ratios有級變速definite ratios無

21、級變速 indefinite ratios無級變速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置general layout發動機橫置lateral engine positioning分動器 transfer case, transfer box第十二章 離合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分離徹底thorough separation過載overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦襯片friction liner轂hub主動部分driving part從動部分 driven part花鍵spline壓盤 press

22、ure plate離合器蓋cover plate分離杠桿release lever分離套筒release sleeve分離軸承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分離叉 release fork間隙調整 clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke鉚釘，鉚接 rivet雙片離合器 dual disc clutch中央彈簧離合器central spring clutch膜片彈簧離合器diaphragm

23、spring clutch非線性 non-linear第十三章 變速器與分動器輸入軸（第一軸）input shaft, drive shaft輸出軸（第二軸）output shaft, main shaft中間軸 counter shaft倒擋軸reverse gear shaft常嚙合 constant mesh低速擋 low gear高速擋high gear最高速擋top gear空擋 neutral gear一擋the first gear二擋the second gear三擋 the third gear倒擋 reverse gear直接擋 direct gear超速擋overdriv

24、e動力輸出power take-off換擋 shift嚙合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步錐面synchro cone變速桿 shifting lever手柄 handle球鉸鏈 ball joint換擋撥叉shifting fork自鎖self-lock互鎖 inter-lock變速驅動橋 transaxle加力擋low gear第十四章 液力機械傳動液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵輪 impeller渦輪 turbine葉片 blade液力變矩器torque converter導輪 stator行星齒輪系planetary gear syst

25、em太陽輪sun gear行星輪 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier齒圈ring gear第十五章 傳動軸萬向節universal joint, U-joint十字軸式萬向節Cardan type U-joint叉子 yoke, fork十字軸spider, center cross滾針軸承 needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple等角速constant angular velocity雙聯式萬向節 dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式萬向節Weiss type U-joint球籠式萬向節 R

26、zeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形殼outer race shell保持架，球籠 retainer, ball cage撓性萬向節 flexible U-joint無縫鋼管seamless steel tube第十六章 驅動橋主減速器final drive主動（小）齒輪drive pinion從動（大）齒輪 ring gear傘齒輪bevel gear雙曲面齒輪hypoid gear單級減速single reduction雙級減速double reduction貫通式主減速器penetrable final drive雙速主減速器double g

27、ear (speed) final drive輪邊減速器wheel reduction差速器 differential半軸齒輪 differential side gear差速鎖differential lock軸間差速器 inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential半軸axle shaft全浮式半軸float type axle shaft半浮式半軸semi-float type axle shaft橋殼axle housing橋殼后蓋 final drive rear cover第十七章 行駛系行駛系 run

28、ning gear車架frame車橋，車軸axle懸架suspension半履帶式汽車 semi-caterpillar vehicle第十八章 車架邊梁式車架ladder type frame縱梁side rail橫梁cross member保險杠 bumper托架bracket支承 support拖鉤 tow hook中梁式車架backbone type frame桁架式車架 lattice type frame第十九章 車橋和車輪轉向橋steering axle橋梁 axle beam工字形斷面 I-section轉向節 knuckle主銷king pin輪轂wheel hub轉向輪定位

29、 steering wheel alignment主銷后傾 caster主銷內傾 king pin inclination前輪外傾camber前輪前束 toe-in轉向驅動橋 steering and driving axle支持橋 support axle輪輞 rim輪輻spoke車輪裝飾罩hub cap輪胎 tyre, tire胎冠crown, tread花紋 pattern胎側 side wall簾布層cord, ply尼龍，錦綸nylon帶束層belted layer內胎 tube墊帶protector胎圈 bead氣門嘴 bleed valve氣門芯valve core子午線輪胎ra

30、dial tire無內胎輪胎tubeless tire刺穿 puncture備胎spare tire第二十章 懸架彈性元件spring, elastic element減振器 sock absorber導向機構control device橫向穩定器（桿）stabilizer, anti-roll bar懸架剛度 suspension stiffness簧載質量sprung mass非簧載質量unsprung mass靜撓度static deformation獨立懸架 independent suspension車輪上跳（減振器壓縮行程） jounce車輪回跳（減振器伸張行程）rebound雙向

31、作用減振器 double action shock absorber單向作用減振器single action shock absorber筒式減振器 telescopic shock absorber吊環 link ring工作缸working cylinder貯油缸 reservoir流通閥（進液閥）intake valve伸張閥 rebound valve壓縮閥compression valve補償閥compensation valve充氣減振器gas filled shock absorber壓力可調減振器 pressure adjustable shock absorber鋼板彈簧le

32、af spring中心螺栓central bolt彈簧夾 clip螺旋彈簧 coil spring扭桿彈簧torsional bar囊式空氣彈簧bellow type air spring膜式空氣彈簧 diaphragm type air spring橡膠彈簧rubber spring卷耳spring eye吊耳shackleU形螺栓 U-bolt彈簧蓋板spring plate副簧 auxiliary spring主簧main spring橫臂式懸架transversal type suspension雙橫臂式懸架double wishbone suspension轉向軸線steering

33、axis縱擺臂式trailing arm type滑柱式strut type麥弗遜式McPhaeson type平衡懸架tandem axle suspension第二十一章 轉向系機械（手動）轉向系 manual steering system轉向盤 steering wheel轉向軸 steering shaft轉向柱 steering column轉向傳動軸 steering drive shaft轉向器 steering gear直拉桿drag link轉向節knuckle轉向節臂knuckle arm梯形臂steering arm橫拉桿 tie rod轉向輪偏轉角關系 steerin

34、g geometry轉彎半徑 turning radius循環球式轉向器 recirculating ball steering gear轉向螺桿steering screw轉向螺母steering nut齒扇sector齒輪齒條式轉向器rack and pinion steering gear蝸桿曲柄指銷式轉向器worm and crankpin steering gear動力轉向 power steering轉向油罐steering reservoir轉向油泵 steering oil pump第二十二章 制動系鼓式制動器drum brake制動蹄brake shoe輪缸wheel cyl

35、inder制動底板brake base plate調整凸輪adjustable cam制動蹄回位彈簧 retainer spring領蹄 leading shoe從蹄 trailing shoe盤式制動器disc brake制動鉗 brake calipers制動盤 brake disc液壓制動系 fluid braking system制動液 brake fluid制動主缸master cylinder氣壓制動系pneumatic braking system空氣壓縮機 air compressor制動氣室brake chamber貯氣筒reservoir制動閥 brake valve氣壓調

36、節閥air pressure governor伺服制動系servo braking system真空助力器 vacuum booster防抱死制動系 (ABS) Anti-lock Braking System輔助制動器auxiliary brake緩速器 retarder排氣制動 exhaust braking第二十三章 車身車身殼體 body shell非承載式車身separate frame construction承載式車身unitary construction, integral body發動機艙engine compartment客廂，乘客室 passenger compartm

37、ent行李箱trunk發動機罩 hood, bonnet前翼板 front fender, front wing前擋泥板front fender apron前圍板dash board, fire wall前風窗 windscreen, windshield前圍cowl, shroud頂蓋 roof地板 floor panel行李箱蓋trunk lid, deck lid后圍板 rear end panel前柱 front pillar, “A” pillar中柱center pillar, “B” pillar后柱rear pillar, “C” pillar上邊梁roof rail門檻roc

38、ker panel儀表板 instrument panel遮陽板sun visor刮水器 wiper后視鏡 rear view mirror門鎖door lock玻璃升降器window regulator密封條weather strip暖氣裝置heater空調裝置 air conditioner座椅 seat頭枕head restraint安全帶safety seat belt鋼化玻璃toughened glass夾層玻璃 laminated glass貨箱carrying platform邊板side board后板tail board前板 head board地板，底板floor boar

39、d栓桿 tightening latch第二十四章 附屬設備車速表speedometer里程表 mileage recorder機油壓力表oil pressure gauge燃油表 fuel gauge水溫表 water temperature gauge電流表 ammeter前大燈head lamp轉向指示燈turning indicator制動信號燈braking signal light報警信號裝置 warning signal附表 一般工程詞匯長度 length寬度 width高度 height深度 depth距離distance間隙clearance位移displacement面積

40、area體積volume重量weight質量 mass比重specific gravity密度 density時間time周期period加速度velocity, speed重力加速度acceleration of gravity力 force合力 resultant分力component力矩 moment轉矩 torque, twisting moment彎矩 bending moment壓強 pressure大氣壓 atmospheric pressure聲壓級(SPL) Sound Pressure Level應力stress應變 strain變形deformation拉伸 stretc

41、hing壓縮 compressing彎曲 bending扭轉twisting強度 strength剛度 stiffness硬度hardness黏度 viscosity運動黏度 kinematic viscosity能量energy動能 kinetic energy位能potential energy功 work功率 power溫度temperature熱 heat熱容量thermal capacity比熱specific heat熱功當量Joules equivalent傳熱系數coefficient of heat transfer加熱 heating冷卻cooling膨脹 expansio

42、n固體 solid液體 liquid氣體 gas蒸發evaporation溶解 dissolve融化melt凝結 condensation凝固solidification電路 electric circuit串聯 serial connection并聯 parallel connection電荷 electric charge電壓voltage電位 potential電流current直流 (D.C.) Direct Current交流 (A.C.) Alternative Current電阻 resistance電容量capacity電容器condenser電感 inductance電極 e

43、lectrode正極anode負極cathode電離 ionization電解 electrolysis電鍍 electroplating電泳 electrophoresis磁場強度 magnetic field intensity磁通量 magnetic flux光通量 luminous flux光照度photometric quantity發光強度 luminous intensity工程圖 technical drawing圖板drawing board圖紙 drawing paper描圖紙tracing paper投影 projection前視圖 front end view側視圖side view左視圖 left end view右視圖right end view俯視圖plan view剖面section剖視section view實線 full line虛線 broken line, dotted line點劃線chain line尺寸線 dimension line方形square長方形 rectangle三角形 triangle圓形 circle內接圓 inscribed circle外切圓circumscribed circle直尺 ruler三棱尺 triangular scale三角板