1、北京四中【語法一點通】定語從句whe n,定語從句在句中做定語，由關系代詞或關系副詞引出。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯 系作用，同時又在定語從句中充當一定的句子成分。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句通常放在先 行詞之后，引導定語從句的關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。弓I導定語從句的關系副詞有:where, why 等。（一）關系代詞引導的定語從句：關系代詞所代替的先行詞是指人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1. 關系代詞who

2、, whom, that 引導的定語從句這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關系代詞在從句中作主語或賓語。eg. Is he the man who/ that wants to see you?他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2. 關系代詞whose引導的定語從句whose用來指人或物，只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which 互換。eg. They rushed over to help the man whose ca

3、r had broke n dow n.那個人的車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose cover is gree n./ Please pass me the book the cover of which is gree n.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3. 關系代詞which, that引導的定語從句關系代詞which, that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。eg. A prosperity which/that had n ever bee n before appears in the cou ntryside

4、.農村岀現了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在句中作主語）The package （which/that ） you are carrying is blue.你拿的包是藍色的。（which/that 在句中作賓語）注意：口語中，作動詞賓語或介詞賓語（這時介詞不可在關系代詞前）的關系代詞常可省略。eg. Have you found the book （that ） you want?你找到你想要的書了嗎？ （ that可以省略）This is the man（whom） we have talked about.這就是我們談論的那個人。（whom可以省略）但要注意 This is th

5、e man about whom we talked.中的 whom不可省略。（二）關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關系副詞 when, where, why 的含義相當于"介詞+which ”結構，因此常常和"介詞+which ”結構交替使用。eg. Beiji ng is the place where/in which I was bor n.北京是我的岀生地。Is this the reas on why/for which he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？（三）關系

6、代詞與關系副詞的辨析方法一：用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系代詞； 而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。eg. This is the mou ntain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。r II n ever forget the days whe n I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯：誤This is the mountain village where I visited last year.這就是去年我參觀過的山村。誤l wil

7、l never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.我永遠不會忘記我在鄉村度過的那些日子。正This is the mountain village（ which ） I visited last year.正I'll never forget the days（which ） I spent in the countryside.習慣上總是表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where, which聯系在一起，此兩題就錯在關系詞的誤用上。關系代詞代替village 等在定語從句中作賓語，用that也可以。where 一般用作狀語，在

8、這里 visit 和spentd是及物動詞，所以這里不用 where。方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇岀關系代詞或關系副詞。例 1 : Is this museumyou visited a few days ago?A. where B. whe n C. on whichD. the one例 2: Is this the museumthe exhibiti on was held?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：1.D2. A分析：例1變為肯定句為：This museum isyou visite

9、d a few days ago.例2變為肯定句為：Thisis the museumthe exhibiti on was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, when, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選Do而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的定語，而要填的關系副詞是從句的狀語，表地點，既可用副詞 where，又因in the museum 詞組，也可用介詞in + which作為地點狀語。而選項C中，介詞on用得不對，所以選A關系詞的選擇依據在于它在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做

10、主、 定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞（who, whose,whom, that, which ）;先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞（ where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀 語）。（四）介詞+關系詞的情況1. 介詞后面的關系詞不能省略2. that, who前不能有介詞。3. 某些在從句中充當時間、地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when和where互換。eg. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(= This is the house where I lived two yea

11、rsago.)這是我兩年前住過的房子。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(= Do you remember the day whe n you joinedour club?)還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？(五) 學習定語從句應注意的幾個問題1. 關系代詞只使用that ,不使用which的情況： 先行詞是指物的不定代詞，如all, much, little, everything, nothing等時：That's all that I have seen and heard.那就是我的全部見聞。 指物的先

12、行詞被不定代詞all, few, little, much, very, some, no 等修飾，或被 the only, the very, thesame, the last等限定詞修飾時：This is the very dictio nary that is of great help.那正是那本極有用的字典。 先行詞既指人又指物時：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and pers ons that they could remember.我父親和他的老師談了很多他們記得的人和事。 關系代詞在定語從句中充

13、當表語時：Our school is not the one that is used to be.我們學校不再是從前的那所學校。 指物的先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾：This is the best En glish film that I have ever see n.這是我曾看到過的最好的英語電影。 主句是who或which引導的特殊疑問句，而中心語是指人或物時：Who is the girl that is sta ndi ng un der the tree?樹下站的女孩是誰？Which is the mach ine that we used last Sun day?我們上

14、個禮拜天用的那臺機器呢？2. 關系代詞不宜用that的情況： 關系代詞前有介詞時：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.這是魯迅住過的房間。 非限制性定語從句中：He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.他有一個女兒，她在醫院工作。 先行詞本身就是that :The cook is that which tells the time.鐘表是告知時間的。3. 定語從句中主謂一致問題：當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持一致。USA.湯姆是來自美國的眾多男孩中的一個。USA.湯姆是唯個從美國來

15、的男孩。我剛才遇到的那位學生在哪里?我將要拜訪的學生在哪里？Tom is one of the boys who are from theTom is the only boy that is from the4. 定語從句中動詞時態問題：定語從句可根據表達需要選用相應時態。Where is the stude nt whom I met just now?Where is the stude nt whom I will visit soon?Where is the stude nt who is on duty today?今天值日的學生在哪里？語法練習：一、選擇題1. The plac

16、ein terested me most was the Childre n's Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. i n which2. Do you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know

17、the yearthe Chin ese Commu nist Party was foun ded?A. whichB. whoseC. whe nD. on which5. This is the dayI'll n ever forget.A. whichB. on whichC. i n whichD. whe n6. The factorywe'll visit n ext week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. i n which7. Great cha nges have take n pla

18、ce since the n in the factorywe are worki ng.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this yearB. that have show nC. that has bee n show n this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talked

19、C. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The penhe is writi ng is mine.A. with whichB. i n whichC. on whichD. by which二、用定語從句的引導詞that, who, whom, whose, where, when或 which 填空。1. This is the professortaught me chemistry in 1980.2. The hospitalwas built five years ago has bee n moder ni zed.3. Th

20、is is the boyfather died three years ago.4. The filmwe saw the day before yesterday is very in teresti ng.5. Do you know the studentwas praised at the meeti ng?答案:1. A 2. C3. D 4. C 5. A 6. C7. A 8. A 9. A 10.A1. who/that2. which/that3. whose 4. which/that5. who/that北京四中同步訓練I .選擇題1. Don't en cou

21、rageby doing things for him.A. him be lazyB. him to being lazy C. his laz in essD. him beco minglazy2. The furn iture looks won derfulit is made by a small compa ny.thatA. exceptB. except forC. besidesD. except3. The furn iture in your shop?A. exceptlooks wonderfulB. except forits color. Do you have

22、 any other choiceC. except thatD. besides4. The furn iture looks won derfulits color. I will take it.D. except thatA. exceptB. except forC. besides5. He rushed out of the banka suitcase in his hand.A. forB. byC. withD. as6. He bought a vasefamous pictures on it for 200 Yuan.A. withB. aboutC. hasD. h

23、ave7. The stude nt bega n his speecha poem.D. beforeA. forB. withC. as8. Before he lear ned how to, he had to know someth ing about howare mixed.A. paint paints B. paints paint C. paintingspaint D. paintpain ti ngs9. Hethe door aga in, because theon it had bee n scratched.A. paint paint B. paints pa

24、intsC. pain ted paintsD. pain tedpai nt10. We had severalon the way up to the top of the mou nta in. Actually wehad to stop tofrom time to time because we had a girl in the group.A. rests rests B. rest restsC. rests restD. rest rest11. They are about it.about their journey to the West, and theyhave

25、had severalA. discussi ondiscussi onsB. discuss ing discussesC. discuss ingdiscussi onsD. discussi ons discussi on12. I ca n'tthe word for"sky” in Spanish.A. think overB. thi nk aboutC. thi nk ofD.thi nk13. I willyour pla n and give you an an swer tomorrow.A. think overB. thi nk aboutC. thi

26、 nk ofD. thi nkn .完形填空If you are 1en terta inmen t, liste n 2music quietly! Music has become3importa nt part of our lives.4peoplelike differentkinds of 5.For me, I like rock music 6it'sexcit ing.My 7band“ Zero ” is one of 8bands in Chin a. I also like popmusic. My friend Lily likes music 9she ca

27、n dance to. But I think that kind ofmusic is 10loud. Zhang Min likes music 11has great lyrics. Of course, hedoes well 12Chinese, especially in writing.Adults think differently. Mymother 13gentle music 14energetic music.She thinks it's peaceful to hear.How about you? What15of music do you like be

28、st?1. A. look forB. look ing forC. findD. finding2. A. toB. /C. onD. for3. A. aB. oneC. anD. /4. A. Differe ntB. DifferenceC. SameD. Similar5. A. musicia nB. musicC. musicsD. musicia ns6. A. becauseB. because ofC. so thatD. that7. A. best likeB. like bestC. favoriteD. favoritest8. A. famousB. most f

29、amousC. the most famousD. more famous9. A. thatB. in thatC. by whichD. whom10. A. too muchB. much tooC. too manyD. many too11. A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which12. A. inB. onC. atD. for13. A. preferB. prefersC. likeD. likes14. A. thanB. toC. better than toD. more to15. A. kindB. kin dsC. /D. about川閱讀理解O

30、nce upon a time, there was a king who raised many excellent war-horses. Later, there were few wars. The king thought : for what use did I raise （飼養）these horses? Then he ordered, "Let those war-horses pull mills（磨）for men. ”Several years passed, the neighboringcountry came to invade （侵犯）the cou

31、ntryagain. So the king ordered to return those war-hoses and let them go to frontier（前線）.But these horses could only walk around in the same place. They did n't go forward any more. Then the king knew that war-horses should n'tbe allowed to pullmills. That's the reas on why his country w

32、as beate n at last.As the story suggests, every one should n ever let his or her minds stop. Keep thinking, keep study ing, keep doing everythi ng one wants to do, and life will be a great success for every one in the world!1. Why did the king raise horses at first?A. To pull mills for men.B. For wa

33、r use.C. For play ing.D. To ride on.2. Who came to in vade the country several years later?A. America. B. The horses.C. The n eighbori ng coun try.D. Itself.3. What did the king realize at last?A. He should n't raise so many horses.B. He should raise more horses.C. The n eighbor would in vade hi

34、s country aga in.D. He should n't let the war-horses pull mills for men.4. Who was the winner of the final war?A. The n eighbori ng coun try.B. The Kin g's coun try.C. We don't know.D. America.5. According to the article, what should we know?A. We should keep our minds work ing.B. We sho

35、uld keep thinking.C. We should keep study ing.D. We should keep doing everyth ing we want to do.IV .句型轉換1.1 like sin gerswho write their own music.（對畫線部分提問）sin gers do you like?（改為同義句）（改為定語從句）2. I would rather listen to music than watch TV.Iliste n to musicwatch TV.3. That's the tree; we en grav

36、ed our n ames on it 3 years ago.That's the treewe en graved our n ames on 3 years ago.4. The photos of people are more successful tha n the photos of cities.（改為同義句）The photos of cities areof people.5. There used to be much to see and do there,?（完成反意疑問句）V .補全對話A: What 12food do you prefer, Tony?B

37、: I like to eat food 3well cooked, 45it's a bit burnt.A: Don't you know that 6food can 7the risk of cancer?B: Really? Terrible!A: If I 8you, rd eat nuts in steadof burnt food.Vegetables are also good9us. We should keep a bala nee of diet.B: Thank you for your advice. I'll eat a 10diet fr

38、om now on.W .作文記得有一首歌曲里唱到：“我想唱歌又不敢唱，小聲哼哼卻又東張西望，老師媽媽您不要生氣，生活原本就是這個樣。”是啊，初三了，老師和家長都希望自己把精力放在學 習上。什么網絡啊、朋友啊、聚會啊等等都要統統拋開。對此你有何感想？給老師或家長寫封信，談談自己應該被允許和不被允許做的事情，并說明理由。參考答案：I .選擇題1. C his lazi ness是名詞做賓語，意思是別為他做事情助長了他的懶惰。如選擇項中有 him to become lazy，亦可。2. D因為橫線后面是一個句子，所以正確選項為D.3. B句意為：家具看起來不錯，但顏色不怎么樣。店里還有其它選擇嗎

39、？顏色是家具的一個部分。4. B句意為：家具看起來不錯，顏色也很好，我買了。5. C with a suitcase in his ha nd作伴隨狀語。6. A with famous pictures on it作定語。7. B句意是那個學生用一首詩開始了他的演講。8. A 第一個paint是動詞，第二個是各種顏色的顏料，用復數。2 ）答案是9. D第一個是動詞，根據下文用過去時，第二個paint是名詞，指門上的油漆，不可數。10. C句意是我們在登頂路上休息了幾次，事實上由于組里有位女隊員，我們不得不時常停下來休息。11. C discuss 是動詞，discussion 是名詞。句意是

40、他們正在討論西行的路程，而且 已經討論了幾次了。12. C 句意是我想不起來西班牙文中“天空”的單詞。13. B句意是我會考慮你的計劃明天給你答復。n.完形填空1. B 尋找娛樂用動詞詞組look for; find強調結果，前有 are，故有進行時，選 B。2. A“聽音樂” liste n to music.3. Cimportant以元音音素開頭，故用an. one太過強調數量。4. A句意為“不同的人喜歡不同的音樂”。5. B據上下文可知。music為不可數名詞。6. A由句意知“it's so excit ing”是原因。because后接句子，而 because of 后接

41、短語。7. C 形容詞“最喜歡的”，用 favorite.8. C one of the most famous ban ds“最出名的樂隊之一”。最高級前加定冠詞the.9. A 定語從句中缺少介詞 on的賓語，只有that合適。10. B too much "太多”，后接不可數名詞；much to “太”，后接形容詞或副詞；toomany后接可數名詞的復數，沒有D項的用法，由句意及loud知選B。11. D定語從句中缺少主語，先行詞是music，引導詞只能用that或which.12. A do well in “在方面做得好”。13. B prefer A to B“ A與B相

42、比更喜歡 A”；主語為單數第三人稱形式。14. B prefer A to B 是固定結構。15. A what kind of music“哪一種音樂”。川.閱讀理解1.B從文中的第一句話可知：這個國王養了很多優秀的戰馬。war "戰爭” ,war-horse“戰馬'。2.C根據第二段第一句話可知答案為Co3.D根據第二段末尾 The n the king knew that war-horses，可知答案為Do4.A根據第二段最后一句“why his country was beate n at last”可知答案為Ao5.A從第三段As the storysuggests, every one should n ever let his or her mindss