1、語法專題一：定語從句1. 定語從句的幾個基本概念： 1) 先行詞：即被定語從句修飾的名次或代詞，通常位于定從的前面。2) 先行詞在從句中擔當成份：根據不同成份，用相應的關系代詞或關系副詞。3) 關系代詞：即先行詞在定從中作主、賓、表、定。 作主語：指物，則用that, which引導，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引導，不省略。 作賓語：即及物動詞賓語和介詞賓語： 指物，用that, which引導，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引導，可省略。 注意：如將介詞提到了定從之首，先行詞指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表語：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省

2、略。 作定語：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 關系副詞：即先行詞在定從中作狀語，指時間用when, 地點用where, 原因用why，亦可用介詞+which替代。所謂作狀語：即先行詞不能直接放入從句中，需要有一個介詞連接，而從句中卻沒有這個介詞。5) 非限制性定語從句：即用逗號與主句或先行詞分開，用于補充說明。(1) which: 用于指代先行詞（物），或整個主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行詞（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行詞的部分。(4) as為關系代詞， “正如、就像”的意思, 引導定從

3、時可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定從中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引導從句的情況：(1) 限制性定語從句中，當先行詞被強調，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修飾時； (2) 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等時；(3) 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時； (4) 先行詞既有人又有物時；(5) 當句中已有who時，為避免重復。2) 一般只用which引導從句的情況：(1)

4、 引導非限制性定語從句，指前面的某名詞或它前面的整個主句時； (2) 引導介詞、介詞短語提前的定語從句時； (3）當先行詞為集體名詞時，著眼于整體，用which；著眼于各個成員，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短語中的指示代詞，如this, that等, 引導定從。3) 由as引導的定語從句的幾種常見情況： (1) as引導非限制性定語從句，說明整個主句的內容，和which引導定語從句代替整個句子的區別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which則沒有此意； (2）當先行詞前有the same，such修飾時，或在 “so / asas”結構中，

5、表示“那樣以致”，后用關系代詞as引導限制性定語從句； (3) 在suchas結構中，as為關系代詞，替代先行詞，引導的是定語從句；在suchthat結構中，that為連詞，引導的是一個完整的結果狀語從句。4) 當way作先行詞時，可用that, in which或省略引導定從5) 當先行詞為situation, case, point, job, condition等時，常用where引導定從。6) 當先行詞為one of the +復數名詞時，定從的謂動用復數動詞； 當先行詞為the (only)one of the +復數名詞時，定從的謂動用單數動詞；鞏固練習：1. Last month

6、, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during

7、whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a n

8、ice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real n

9、ame B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. An

10、yway, that evening, _ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years.A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most impor

11、tant thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I

12、 think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never r

13、eads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is

14、 this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are

15、 not B. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been23. I'd like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _ the judge ga

16、ve a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; whoC. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasn't been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the f

17、ast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to

18、 whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned

19、to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. wh

20、ich C. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time h

21、e learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. that C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much know

22、ledge and _ could help him to kill the time.A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, we'd brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which