1、Formal language and Informal language 正式語言和非正式語言01、Formal la nguage and In formal la nguage 正式語言和非正式語言You p robable have no ticed that people exp ress similar ideas in differe nt ways depending on the situati on they are in. This is very n atural. AllIanguages have two general levels of usage a form

2、al level and an in formal level. En glish is no exce pti on. The differe nee in these two levels is the situati on in which you use a p articular level.你或許注意到人們會用不同的方式表達類似的觀點，這取決于他們所 處的環境。這種現象很自然。所有語言都有兩個普遍的使用層次 正式層面和非正式層面。英語也不例外。兩個層次的區別在于你使用 語言的語境。Formal la nguage is the kind of Ian guage you find

3、in textbooks, reference books and in bus in ess letters. You would also use formal En glish in comp ositi ons and essaysthat you write in school. I nformal la nguage is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and whe n we write personal no tes of letters to close friends.正式

4、語言是在課本、參考書和商業信函中出現的語言。你也會在學校 布置的作文的論文中使用正式語言。 非正式語言是在與同事、家人和 朋友交流時使用的，以及我們在寫個人筆記或給好朋友寫信時也會用至嘰Formal Ian guage is differe nt from in formal Ian guage in several ways.First, formal Ianguage tends to be more polite. What we may find in teresti ng is that it usually takes more words to be po lite. For e

5、xa mp le, I might say to a friend or a family member "Close the door, pl ease." But to a stra nger, I p robably would say, "Would you mind clos ing the door?"正式語言和非正式語言在很多方面有所不同。 首先，正式語言顯得更 禮貌。我們發現的有趣現象是通常要想追求禮貌， 我們必須多說些話。例如，我或許會對我的朋友和家人說“請關門。”但是，對于一位陌 生人，我可能會說“你介意把門關上嗎？”Ano ther

6、 differe nee betwee n formal and in formal la nguage is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some words and p hrases that bel ong in formal la nguage and others that are in formal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I am talk ing to my frie nd, I might say. "I am just crazy ab

7、out soccer." But if I were talki ng to my boss, I would p robably say, "I really enjoy soccer."正式語言和非正式語言的另一處不同在于部分詞匯。 某些詞匯與詞組 屬于正式語言，而有些是非正式的。我們說真的喜歡足球時，如果和 我的朋友交流，我或許會說：“我為足球瘋狂。”如果對我的老板，或 許會說：“我很欣賞足球。”02、Parents and stress 父母與壓力Stude nts' p ressure sometimes comes from their par

8、en ts. Most parents are well meaning, but some of them are n't very helpful with the p roblems their sons and daughters have in adjusti ng to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their childre n's difficulties.學生的壓力有時來自于父母。大多數的父母都是善意的，但是有些父 母面對子女在適應大學生活中所碰到的問題時毫無幫

9、助， 少部分父母 似乎不遺余力地給他們的子女增添了困難。For one thi ng, p are nts are ofte n not aware of the kinds of p roblems their childre n face. They don't realize that the comp etiti on is kee ner, that the required sta ndards of work are higher, and that their childre n may not be prep ared for the cha nge. Accusto

10、med to see ing A's and B's on high school report cards, they may be up set whe n their childre n's first semester college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently inqu ire/ enquire why Joh n or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he o

11、r she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threate n to take their childre n out of college, or cut off funds.一方面，父母常常意識到他們的孩子所遇到的問題。 他們沒有料想到 競爭越來越激烈，工作的標準越來越高，他們的孩子或許還沒有準備好迎接這種改變。家長習慣于看到孩子在高中成績單上的A或B的分數，所以當孩子在大學第一學期的成績低于原來的分數時，他們或 許會感到不安。最好的情況是，他們或許會溫柔地詢問為什么約翰或 瑪麗沒有做得更好，他（她）是否足夠努力了，等等。最糟的情況是

12、, 他們或許會威脅讓孩子退學或是切斷他們的收入。Sometimes parents regard their childre n as exte nsions of themselves and thi nk it only right and n atural that they determ ine what their childre n do with their childre n, they forget that every one is differe nt and that each person must develop in his or her own way. The

13、y forget that their childre n, who are now young adults, must be the ones respon sible for what they do and what they are.有時父母會把孩子視為自身的延續，認為由他們來決定孩子該如何生 活是理所應當和自然而然的事情。他們和孩子緊密聯系，視為一體, 因而忘了人與人其實各不相同，每個人都應該按照自己的方式發展。他們忘了他們的孩子已經是成年人，應該對自己的所作所為以及他們 是誰而負責。03、What is health? 健康是什么?The field of medic ine h

14、as not traditi on ally disti nguished betwee n some one who is merely "not ill" and some one who is in excelle nt health and p ays atte nti on to the body's sp ecial n eeds. Both types have simply bee n called "well". I n rece nt years, however, some health sp ecialists have

15、begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively strivi ng to mai ntai n and improve their health.對于僅僅是“沒有生病”和身體非常健康、非常注意身體特殊需求的 兩種人，傳統醫學并沒有嚴格區分。這兩種人都被簡單定義為“身體 健康”。然而近些年來，一些醫學專家開始認為，只有那些主動維持 和改善其身體狀態的人才稱得上“身體好”和“健康”People who are well are con cer ned

16、with nu triti on and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition. Most important, p erha ps, people who are well take active respon sibility for matters related to their health. Eve n people who have a p hysical disease or han dica p may be "well", i n this new

17、 sen se, if they make an effort to mai nta in the best po ssible health they can in the face of their p hysical limitati ons.健康的人非常關注營養均衡以及運動，他們非常重視監控自己的身體 狀況。最重要的可能是健康的人主動承擔起改善自己身體狀況的所有 責任。在這種意義上，只要他們能在他們現有的身體限制條件下盡可 能地保持最好的狀態，即使是一個有著生理疾病或缺陷的人都可能是“健康”的。"Well ness" may p erha ps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease whe n it strikes.