1、定語從句一、定義：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行i司，引導定語 從句的引導詞分為：關系代詞who, whom, whose, which,蜂t和關系副詞where, when, why ,關系代詞 和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成份，不可省略。1 .由who弓I導的定語從句中，who用作主語，如：This is the boy who often helps me.2 .由 whomI導的定句中，whorffi作賓語，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3 .由 whos國 I導的定語中,who

2、s的作定語,如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4 .由whichH導的定語從句中，whichffl作主語或謂麻抗司的賓語或介詞的賓語。如：The room in which there is a machine is a worKsh翊 .The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意：whom, which1作介詞賓語時，介詞可放在whom which前，也可放在從句原來的位置匕 但在 含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中，

3、介詞只育盟在原來的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we muse good care of.(2)弓用非限制性定語從句時，必須用關系代iwhich不用that如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3)關系代詞在句中作語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須和先行詞保持f。5 .由tha引導的定語從句中，tha何以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面 作介詞賓語，即介詞后只育卵which不育即that.如：The book that I bought yesterday was writte

4、n by Lu Xun.注意：在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導定語從句。先行詞是不定代something, nothing, any theverything,如：All that we have to do is to practise English.(2)先行詞被序數詞跳容詞最高級所修飾，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept in my case .(3)先行t颯all, anyeveryeach, fewittle, no, some#飾,如：I have eaten up all the food that you

5、gave me .(4)先行詞被 the onlythe verythe same, the lastB,如:H e is the only person that I want to talk with.(5)先行詞既有人又有物時，如:They talk about persons and things that they met .(6)當句中已有who時,為避免重復,如： Who is the man that is giving us the class?6 .由when, where, why導的定語從句，如：I dont know the reason why he was lat

6、e.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.注意：先行詞是表示地點時，如果從句的謂語動詞是及物的，刖that(which)如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的，就用 wherel導。This is the house which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(where he has lived for 15 year7、限制，性定語從句和限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句是句中不可缺

7、少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，引導限制性定語從句的關系代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,of whch®系代詞都可省。非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句，不影響主句意用的完整性，一般用逗號將其與主句隔開，關系代詞用which不用that指人時可用who.Eg: I have two brothers, who both are both students.8、如何簡化定于從句(1)定語從句簡化為形容詞或形容詞短語作后置定語。Eg:My grandfather lives in a villagich is far away from h

8、ere.fMy grandfather lives in a village far away from here.(2)定語從句簡化為現在分詞或現在分詞短語作前置或后置定語。Eg:The mawho is standing under the tree is our English.teacherfThe man standing under the tree is our English teacherI saw the housthat wasburning(Ws) at that time.fI saw the house burning at that time.(3)定語從句簡化為

9、過去分詞短語作后置定語，Eg:I like to eat the cakesich aie made by my mother fI like to eat the cakes made by my mother(4)定語從句簡化為不必作后置定語。Eg:She is always the first petrsaoncomeso school 主動fShe is always the first personometo school .The report which will be given tomorrow is very importancefor us.fThe report to

10、be given tomorrow is very importance for us.(5)定語從句簡化為whatM句。Eg:I couldn ' t remember the words that he said .I couldn ' t remember what he said .練習、I單選題1. The silk is made in Hangzhou sells well.A. that B.who C. what D. /2. The man today left this message for you.A.called B.has called C.who

11、m called D.who called3. Do you live near the building color is yellow?A. that B.which C.whose D. its4. He helped his father on the farm they lived.A. which B.that C.when D. where5. I'm one of the boys never late for school.A.that is B.who is C.who are D.who am6. All should be done has been done.

12、A.what B.which C.that D.whatever7. Jack told me everything he knew about it.A. what B.that C.which D.who8. My father works in the factory this type of truck is made.A.in where B.in which C.from which D.of which9. The school we visited last week was built in 1956.A./ B.where C.that D.both and C10. Th

13、is is one of the best films I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.of which D.of that11. In fact the Swede典人）did not understand the three questions were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which12. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn' t been cleaned for at least a yearA.t

14、hese B.those C.that D.which13. His parents wouldn ' t let him play with anyone family was poorA.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose14. All is needed is a wonderful meal.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which15. In the dark street ,there wasn ' t a single person she could turn for help.A.that B.who

15、C.from whom D.to whom16. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that17. -Do you know the man is talking with your? father-Yes he ' s our headmasterA. he B. who C. which D. whom18. Is this the river I can swimA. which B. in which C. that D. the one19. Th

16、is is the best hotel in the city I.knowA. where B. which C. that D. it20. Can you lend me the dictionary the other dayA. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it. which you bought it21. Anyone with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree2

17、2. My watch is not the only thing is missing.A. that B. it C. which D. who23. The man coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who s B. whose C. that D. of which.24. The girl is reading under the tree my sisterA. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was25. I love places the people are really. fri

18、endlyA. that B. which C. where D. who26. The world is made up of matterA. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live inII用適當的關系詞填空：1) I ' ll nevegfotrthe day on they met for the very first time last summer2) This is the place he so often menionecW) to me.3) The only thing interested him was that he could do anything he wanted to.4) “W