1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語定語從句講解一、專題精講 知識點1：定語從句的基礎知識1. 定語的概念：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的詞。可以作定語的成分有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）、分詞、從句或相當于形容詞的詞、短語或句子。定語和中心語之間是修飾和被修飾、限制和被限制的關系。在漢語中， “的”是定語的標志。e.g.: 1. She is a beautiful girl.(形容詞作定語)2. It is a school bus.(名詞作定語) 3. Her name is Lily./ Davids car is broken.(代

2、詞或者名詞所有格作定語)4. There are two boys in the classroom.(數詞作定語)5. The woman there needs help. / People now have their festival dinners at restaurants.(副詞作定語)6. The man in the kitchen is my father. (介詞短語作定語)7. There is nothing to do today. (動詞不定式作定語)8. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his father(分詞作定

3、語)9. There are five boys who will play the game. (從句作定語)例1： 翻譯下列短語，并畫出這些短語中定語的位置。1. a naval pilot_ 2. two huge objects_3. the rocks on the moon_ 4. the girl in red_5. the village far away_ 6. a library with lots of books_7. the first man that walked on the moon_1. a naval pilot 2. two huge objects3.

4、 the rocks on the moon 4. the girl in red5. the village far away 6. a library with lots of books7. the first man that walked on the moon總結：用單詞充當定語修飾名詞時，位于名詞之前，做前置定語。用短語充當定語修飾名詞時，位于名詞之后，做后置定語。2. 定語從句的定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞，所以也稱作形容詞性從句。e.g.: The man who

5、0;is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.  (修飾名詞the man)Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. (修飾代詞anyone)3. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (the people為先行詞，被橫線

6、部分及定語從句部分修飾)4. 關系詞：在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞兩種。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose；例2：判斷下列復合句是否含有定語從句，如果有，在括號內打 “”并在句中把定語從句畫出來。1. Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.( ) 2. There are reports which say Armstrong and Aldrin saw alien spacecraft when t

7、hey were on the moon.( )3. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.( )4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom.( ) 5. Many people believe that aliens were watching the astronauts wh

8、en they landed.( ) 知識點2： 關系詞的作用及分類1. 關系詞的作用：A. 引導定語從句；B. 代替先行詞；C. 在定語從句中擔當一個成分。e.g.: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.  該句中，who is  shaking hands with my father 是定語從句，修飾

9、先行詞the man， “who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。2. 關系詞的分類：引導定語從句的詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞I. 引導定語從句的關系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語。1.who指人，在從句中做主語或賓語，且做賓語時，?？墒÷?；e.g.: The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （做主語）Do you know the girl who is sta

10、nding under the tree? （做主語）The girl (who) you talk to just now is my friend. （做賓語）2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?，一般也可用who替代。但在介詞后面只能用whom。e.g.: Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.    The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.     Two men, neither of whom I had eve

11、r seen before, came into my office. （在介詞后面不用who）3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。e.g.: Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (做主語)   This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (做賓語)4. that既可指人也可指物。指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，做賓語時常省略。e.g.: The people that/who come to v

12、isit the city are all here. (做主語，指代人)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (做賓語，指代人)The picture that is on the wall cost much. (做主語，指代物Did you see the computer that I bought yesterday? (做賓語，指代物)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。e.g.: He has a friend whose father is a doctor.  I l

13、ived in a house whose roof has fallen in.   whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? (批注：此部分選講)檢

14、測題（一）：單項選擇(    ) 1. -The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.            -Yes. They are helping the people _ are suffering from the earthquake. (2010揚州)     A. which        &

15、#160;    B. what               C. /                           D. who (   ) 2. They want to develop a kind

16、 a dog-friendly food _ will help dog owners cool down their pets. (2010常州)     A. who               B. what               C. which      

17、0;             D. whether (   ) 3. The girl _won the gold medal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. (2010鎮江)      A. who               B. wh

18、ich             C. what                      D. whom (   ) 4. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the

19、West Slender Lake. (2011揚州)      A. what               B. who                C. that            

20、0;          D. /(   ) 5. Who is your favourite writer? Mo Yan. He is the first Chinese person _ wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. which B. where C. that D. whom(   ) 6. I like the photo I took on the beach yesterday. What do you think

21、 of it?Well, really nice!A. whereB. when C. which D. who(   ) 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week.A. what B. who C. whom D. that答案：D C A C C C D知識點3：關系代詞的選用一般情況下，that既可以指人又可指物，可以代替who, whom和which, 在從句中做主語，表語和謂語動詞的賓語。但不能放在介詞后做介詞的賓語；which指物，在從句中做主語、表語或

22、謂語動詞及介詞后的賓語；who在從句中做主語、表語或賓語，whom在從句中做賓語，whose在句子中作定語。注意：whom為who的賓格形式。具體用法如下：1) that & which在下列情況下，定語從句中一般只用which引導：     (1)先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.   Eg：Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? &

23、#160;     (2)關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.       Eg：This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。       (3)引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.  Eg：Tom came back, whi

24、ch made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。在下列情況下，定語從句中一般只用that引導： (1) 當先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時，或當先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時：e.g.: Everything that they said was true.    He is dead and there's nothing that can be

25、done.    There was little that we could do to help her.    These walls are all that remain of the ancient city. (2) 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。e.g.: The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.   She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taugh

26、t. (3) 當先行詞被the very, the only修飾時。e.g.: This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.     Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of. (4) 當先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。e.g.: Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense    Who is the man that is standi

27、ng by the gate?    Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5) 當先行詞為人與事物或動物時。e.g.: The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 批注：定語從句需要注意做題順序，首先找到主句的部分，然后剩余的部分則是定語從句的部分，所修飾的詞即是先行詞，若先行詞是物，則在which和that中選擇；若先行詞是人，則在who和that中選擇。但有時定語從句并不是緊跟著先行詞，可能會被介詞分開。例如： P

28、lease show me the watch of Yao Ming which your grandmother bought you as the birthday present. (the watch為先行詞) 因為 which your grandmother bought you as the birthday present所修飾的詞不可能是Yao Ming所以從句應該修飾的是the watch.2) who& that當先行詞是人，但是與定語從句被其他詞所分隔時，一般不能用that代替whoe.g.: Don't tell anyone about the s

29、ecret who oughtn't to know. I was the only person in my office who was invited.例1：用關系詞who, which, that完成句子1) The first film _ made Zhang Ziyi famous was directed by director Zhang Yimou.2) A doctor is a person_ looks after peoples health.3) A plane is a machine _ can fly.答案：1) that 2) who/ that

30、3) that/ which例2：Do you remember the report about the teacher _ was read by our monitor last week?A. which             B. what               C. whom      &

31、#160;      D. who 例3： The report and the teacher _disappeared have not yet been found.A. which             B. who                C. that   &

32、#160;             D. /知識點四：定語從句的主謂一致定語從句中關系代詞that, which, who所代替的先行詞可以是單數，也可以是復數，且他們本身無單數和復數的變化。如果它們在定語從句中作主語。那么從句中謂語動詞的數要與先行詞的數保持一致。e.g.: I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.   The family, who are fond

33、of music, go to the concert once a month.     He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.  （one of +復數名詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句謂語動詞用復數形式）  He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.  （the (only) one /the very one the right one of +復數名詞+關系代詞

34、 引導的定語從句謂語動詞用單數形式）批注：關于one的相關內容，可以作為銜接的知識和孩子講解，具體地，老師根據孩子的情況進行刪選。例1：The sunlight we are all used to _(include) seven different colors. (2012無錫)答案：includes例2：The words that we should pay attention to _ on the blackboard. (08宿遷)    A. being written    B. are written  

35、;     C. is writing               D. writing 答案：B例3：翻譯句子：她就是給你兒子動手術的那個醫生。 She is the doctor_答案：who/ that operates on your son例1：選用關系代詞who, which或that連接下列句子。1. The building is our school. / The building stands by the river.2.

36、This is the nurse. The nurse came here this morning.3. The computer is made in Japan. My father bought me a computer.解析：利用上面的規則，先行詞在定語從句中不復出現，所以做連接句子題時，只需要找到相同的詞，將其作為先行詞即可。1中重復的詞時the building 所以以building作為先行詞，stands by the river作為定語從句，而先行詞是物，用that和which都可以。以此類推。答案：1. The building that/ which stands

37、by the river is our school.2. This is the nurse that/ who came here this morning.3. The computer which/ that my father bought me is made in Japan.二、專題過關檢測題（二）：選用關系代詞who, which或that連接下列句子。1. I love this city. / I was born in this city._2. I am reading a book. My father bought it for me as my birthday

38、 present yesterday._3. The woman is speaking at the meeting. The woman is my mother._4. The man is her brother. The man is standing under the tree._5. Bruce Lee was one of the greatest actors. Many fans were crazy about him._檢測題（二）：將下列句子翻譯成中文。1. Tom is the only student who came up with the answer._2

39、. Have you found information which you need for your composition?_3. Would you please tell me something about the person that you talked to just now?_4. She will meet a friend of hers who she hasnt seen for many years._5. The report that we listened to yesterday morning was really interesting._答案：1.

40、 湯姆是想出答案的唯一一個學生。 2. 你找到你作文需要的信息了嗎？ 3. 你能告訴我一些關于你剛才談話的那個人的信息嗎？ 4. 她將會遇到一個她很多年沒有見的朋友。 5. 我們昨天早上聽的報告真的很有趣。檢測題（三）：用關系詞who, which, that完成句子1. If people drink the water _ is polluted, they will get ill.2. I saw Sandy _ left just now on the train.3. That is the player _ scored three goals in our school foo

41、tball match last week.4. The girl _ comes from the UK will visit the Palace Museum tomorrow.5. Is this the book _ Simon asked for?6. Id like to say “thank you” to the policeman_ helped me find the way yesterday.7. People in HongKong _ heard the surprising news all felt shocked.答案：1. which/ that 2. w

42、ho/ that 3. who/ that 4. who/ that 5. which/ that 6. who/ that 7. Who 學法升華一、 知識收獲 1. 定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞分別有哪些？ 2. 先行詞指物的時候，用哪些關系代詞引導？關系詞指人的時候，用哪些關系代詞引導？ 3.關系代詞that和which的區別是什么？2、 方法總結 1）判斷句子是否是定語從句，找到構成定語從句的幾個部分，因為賓語從句一般置于動詞后，所以動詞后的不是定語從句； 2）若句子是定語從句，找到先行詞 3）若先行詞代替的是人，則用who或者that若先行詞代替的是物，則用which或者that若先

43、行詞既是人又是物，則只能用that3、 技巧提煉 考引導詞：讀題找出先行詞（是人或物？）選擇正確的連詞（注意that與which、that與who的區別） 課后作業一、選擇題【2014黃岡】In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye. And another example is F2F _  stands for face  to face.A. that         B. who      

44、   C. whom          D. it【2014臨沂】After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him.A. whose   B. which         C. /    &#

45、160;    D. who【2014河南】 “Underground” is the only word in the English language _ begins and ends  with the letters “und”.             A. what          B. that  &

46、#160;          C. who         D. who m【2014鄂州】Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?             Im not sure. Is it in the ha

47、ll _ can hold 300 people? A. where         B. what           C. that          D. when 【2014湖北咸寧】Have you seen the documentary named A  Bite of China (

48、 舌尖上的中國)?               Yeah! Its the most funny one _  I have ever seen.               A. that          B. wh

49、at        C. which         D. where【2014達州】What kind of movies do you like?             I like movies _ scary monsters.A.  which has    

50、0;  B. that have       C. what has       D. why have【2014長沙】The shop _ sells flowers is a t the end of the street.             A. who      B. where  &

51、#160;   C. which【2014杭州】I will never forget the day_ we spent in the old town with small houses.A. who     B. whom     C. that   D. what 【2014宜賓】Do you know the man_ _ saved five people in the fire?      &

52、#160;       A. who           B. it             C. when        D. whom 【2014呼和浩特】People _ overweight need more water than

53、 thin people.             A. who is    B. which are      C. that is      D. who are【2014東營】When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, the people

54、_ lived nearby called the police.A. who          B. whom         C. whose         D. which【2014廣州】Do you know the man _ is talking to Miss Wu?     

55、60;      A. he   B. whom   C. who   D. which【2014甘肅白銀】Could you tell me the result of  the discussion _ you had made in the meeting just now?              

56、    A. that       B. when        C. how          D. who【2014紹興】I really like the photo of my family _ my sister took in the city park last year.             A. which         B. who         C. what