1、2021/3/2712021/3/272Introduction of the Author:比爾比爾布福德布福德(Bill Buford)是美國是美國紐約客紐約客(New Yorker)雜志的特約撰稿人雜志的特約撰稿人,1994至至2001年任雜志的小年任雜志的小說編輯。布福德創辦了說編輯。布福德創辦了Granta雜志雜志,并任編輯。并任編輯。Among the Thugs 和和 Heat 是其廣受好評的兩本著是其廣受好評的兩本著作作,前者是對英國足球流氓的真實記錄前者是對英國足球流氓的真實記錄,后者是一部有后者是一部有關餐飲的書。課文關餐飲的書。課文“獅子、老虎和熊獅子、老虎和熊”是布福德

2、的一篇是布福德的一篇游游記記,最初于最初于1999年刊登在年刊登在紐約客紐約客上上,文章入選文章入選2000年度美國最佳游記年度美國最佳游記(The Best American Travel Writing 2000).2021/3/273bolt: vi. a) to run away quickly 猛沖猛沖,逃跑逃跑 b) to move; to break away 迅速移動迅速移動 vt. c) to fasten with strong rods and bar 拴住拴住,使使和在一塊和在一塊 d) to swallow food or drink hurriedly 匆匆吞下匆匆

3、吞下,咽下咽下 n. 門閂,插銷blot:n.污漬污漬, 污點污點v.弄污弄污cf.2021/3/274Examples: a) He bolted out of his house. b) Eyes bolted towards the stranger. c) He bolted the door on the inside. d) He bolted down a hurried breakfast. a bolt from (out of) the blue 晴天霹靂晴天霹靂,意外的事意外的事 bolt upright 筆直筆直 make a bolt (for it) 趕快逃走趕快逃

4、走 2021/3/275drizzle: v. to rain in fine dropsExamples:It drizzled throughout the night.The insecticide drizzled over the plants.The dew on the branches drizzled our hair. Word formation a. drizzly2021/3/276embolden: v. to give courage or confidence to sb.Examples: He smiled and this emboldened her t

5、o ask him for help.Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.2021/3/277on the/a rampage: 橫沖直撞橫沖直撞;暴跳如雷暴跳如雷Examples:The escaped elephant was on the rampage for two days.The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.2021/3/278scurry: v. / n. to run with short quick stepsExamples:It

6、 began to rain and we scurried home.We heard mice scurrying about in the kitchen.Dark clouds were being scurried across a grey sky by the wind.a scurry of footsteps in the passage 急促腳步聲急促腳步聲Huge snow scurries.急趕急趕,急轉急轉,疾走疾走Translation2021/3/279secluded adj. not visited or seen by many people; away f

7、rom the company of othersExamples:This is the quietest and most secluded area of the city.secluded life /monk /valley 隱居的隱居的,與世隔絕的與世隔絕的; 僻靜的僻靜的v. seclude (from)n. seclusionadj. seclusiveTranslation2021/3/2710Background InformationBackground Information2021/3/2711America2021/3/2712New York State2021/

8、3/27132021/3/2714 曼哈頓是一個荷蘭人（亨利曼哈頓是一個荷蘭人（亨利哈德遜）從印第安土哈德遜）從印第安土著手里買的。它是當今世界上最繁華的島之一。曼哈著手里買的。它是當今世界上最繁華的島之一。曼哈頓是紐約市中心部位的島。介于哈得孫河和東河之間頓是紐約市中心部位的島。介于哈得孫河和東河之間,為紐約市五個區中最小的曼哈頓區。長為紐約市五個區中最小的曼哈頓區。長20公里公里,寬寬4公公里里,面積面積57.7平方公里。前寒武紀古老堅硬的片巖出露平方公里。前寒武紀古老堅硬的片巖出露地表地表,為高層建筑提供了基礎。為高層建筑提供了基礎。 紐約是金融、商業中心地。南端的華爾街是許多紐約是金融

9、、商業中心地。南端的華爾街是許多大銀行、大交易所和大壟斷組織聚集中心。聯合國總大銀行、大交易所和大壟斷組織聚集中心。聯合國總部設于東河西岸。百老匯、華爾街、帝國大廈、格林部設于東河西岸。百老匯、華爾街、帝國大廈、格林威治村、威治村、中央公園中央公園、聯合國總部、大都會藝術博物館、聯合國總部、大都會藝術博物館、大都會歌劇院等名勝都集中在曼哈頓島。大都會歌劇院等名勝都集中在曼哈頓島。 2021/3/2715Central Park Location on Manhattan Map New Yorks green rectangle Central Park 2021/3/2716 中央公園坐落在

10、摩天大樓聳立的曼哈頓正中中央公園坐落在摩天大樓聳立的曼哈頓正中,南起南起59街街,北抵北抵110街街,東西兩側被著名的第五大道和中央東西兩側被著名的第五大道和中央公園西大道所圍合。占地公園西大道所圍合。占地843英畝（約英畝（約5000多畝）多畝）,是是整個紐約最大的都市公園整個紐約最大的都市公園,也是紐約第一個完全以園林也是紐約第一個完全以園林學為設計準則建立的公園。學為設計準則建立的公園。 號稱紐約號稱紐約“后花園后花園”的中的中央央公園公園,不只是紐約市民的休閑地不只是紐約市民的休閑地,更是界各地旅游者喜更是界各地旅游者喜愛的旅游勝地。愛的旅游勝地。 1850年新聞記者威廉年新聞記者威廉

11、布萊恩特在布萊恩特在紐約郵報紐約郵報上上進行公園建設運動之后進行公園建設運動之后,1856年年Frederick Law Olmsted和和Calbert Vaux兩位風景園林設計師建成了此兩位風景園林設計師建成了此公園。公園。 它與自由女神、帝國大廈等同為紐約乃至美國的它與自由女神、帝國大廈等同為紐約乃至美國的象象征征,許多好萊塢影片都以中央公園為背景。許多好萊塢影片都以中央公園為背景。2021/3/2717中央公園的著名景點包括中央公園的著名景點包括:中央公園動物園中央公園動物園 (Central Park Zoo)、戴拉寇特劇院戴拉寇特劇院 (Delacorte Theatre)、畢士達

12、噴泉畢士達噴泉 (Bethesda Fountain)、綿羊草原綿羊草原 (Sheep Meadow)、草莓園草莓園 (Strawberry Fields)、保護水城保護水城 (Conservatory Water)、眺望臺城堡眺望臺城堡 (Belvedere Castle)等等。等等。2021/3/27182021/3/27192021/3/2720the urban wonders of the world, a green oasis in the great concrete, high-rise landscape ofNew York CityCentral Park 2021/3

13、/2721For most New Yorkers, Central Park is our constant definition of open space, room to run and the romance of reading under a tree. Free and open to the public, Central Park is our citywide campus and our common backyard. “a garden for all as private Eden”Central Park 2021/3/2722In Central Park,

14、Roller skating has always been a popular recreational pastime. 2021/3/2723Tigress and CubsInside the Central Park Wildlife Conservation Center,64th Street and Fifth Avenue2021/3/2724Groups of Bears: near Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street2021/3/2725 The Park was pressed for primarily by wealthy merchants a

15、nd landowners. In the first decade after its completion, it was clearly the playground of the wealthy. It was located too far uptown to be within walking distance for the citys working class population. Central Park History2021/3/2726 Until the late 19th century, workers comprised but a fraction of

16、the visitors to the Park when they launched a successful campaign to have concerts held on Sundays. Saturday afternoon concerts were for middle-class audiences, for the six-day working week precluded (prevent from ) attendance by the working class. 2021/3/2727 Indeed the concept of creating the park

17、 was originally conceived by wealthy New Yorkers who admired the public grounds of London and Paris. However, with the maturing of the nation and the rise of its power, the pride of Americanism gradually took the upper hand. The author therefore describes the Park proudly as efficient, purposeful an

18、d distinctiveneither romantic nor classical, and neither English nor French, but distinctively American.2021/3/2728Architecture of Central ParkEnglish Romanticism is characterized by the picturesque ideal to blend with the natural environment. Another style is Classicism characterized by formal symm

19、etry and the use of straight lines, evident in the south end of the Park. 2021/3/2729Central Park 2021/3/2730 By traveling the Central Park at night, the authors ambivalence (the mixed feeling) makes clear New Yorkers attitude to the Park. On one hand, there is love and pride New Yorkers have for th

20、e cultural richness and the beauty the Park offers; on the other hand, the crime and fear they have associated with the Park. 2021/3/2731Plot: Travel descriptions combined with everything he has heard, read, observed and experienced in connection with the place: his movements in Central Park, the ev

21、ents and famous people associated with its history, the beauty of New York at night, the crime of fear its inspired.Setting: Central Park in New York 2021/3/2732 Part 1 (Paras. 1) : The author decided to camp in the Central Park .Part 2 (Paras. 26 ) :The first or two hours and his feeling and the fe

22、ar Central Park inspired.Structure of the Text2021/3/2733Structure of the Text Part 3 (Paras. 712) : Central Park history and another scare.Part 4 (Paras. 1325) :My sleep over in the wood. 2021/3/2734 Part 1 (Paras. 1) : The author decided to camp in the Central Park .2021/3/2735Id curled up under a

23、 tree and drop off to a peaceful, outdoorsy sleep. (para. 1)drop off: to begin to sleep 入睡入睡,睡著睡著Eg. He dropped off in front of the fire.2021/3/2736Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the citys essential platitudethat you dont wander around Central Park at nightand in that, needless to s

24、ay, was the appeal: it was the thing you dont do. (Para.1)essential platitude:This is known to all and has been said over and over. 第二個分句是一個倒裝句第二個分句是一個倒裝句(inverted sentence), 正常的語序應正常的語序應該是該是:needless to say, the appeal: it was the thing you dont do, was in thatneedless to say作插入語作插入語parenthesis tha

25、t代指代指platitude2021/3/2737Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the citys essential platitudethat you dont wander around Central Park at nightand in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you dont do.(Para.1)Understanding:Understanding: Everybody who knows New York knows th

26、at you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous. However, precisely because of the risk there are always people lured to visit Central Park at night. They just wish to do what people normally dont do.2021/3/2738Ogden Nash (para.1)an American poet well known for his ligh

27、t versebest-known producer of humorous poetry 2021/3/2739Part 2 (Paras. 26 ) :The first or two hours and his feeling and the fear Central Park inspired.2021/3/2740The Delacorte Theatre (para.3) The Delacorte Theater is the summer home of the New York Shakespeare Festival (莎士比亞戲劇節莎士比亞戲劇節). Its a plac

28、e to host classical plays and musicals. The open-air theater in Central Park that serves as home to free summertime performances which, during the months of June, July and August, include at least one Shakespeare production. The summertime performance is one of the New York Citys most beloved cultur

29、al events.2021/3/2741The Delacorte theatre2021/3/27422021/3/27432021/3/27442021/3/27452021/3/2746William Shakespear(1564-1616 ) (Para.3) was an English poet and playwright.2021/3/2747The Taming of the Shrew (Para.3) In Shakespeares The Taming of the ShrewPetruchio and Kate engage in a battle of wits

30、 as hetries to tame his bold and stubborn wife and bringher into line with societys expectations. This romantic and funny play, full of disguises and role playing, deals with themes such asmarriage and duty, reality and illusion, and compromise. The Taming of the Shrew is one of William Shakespeares

31、 most clever and sophisticated comedies.2021/3/2748The Taming of the Shrew 馴悍記馴悍記片中描寫潑婦凱特因為性格暴躁、脾氣倔片中描寫潑婦凱特因為性格暴躁、脾氣倔強強,找不到任何一個敢娶她的男人找不到任何一個敢娶她的男人,在心不甘情不愿的在心不甘情不愿的情況下情況下,她嫁給了高大結實的大胡子男人皮圖丘。皮她嫁給了高大結實的大胡子男人皮圖丘。皮圖丘一心要把悍婦凱特訓練成百依百順的好妻子圖丘一心要把悍婦凱特訓練成百依百順的好妻子,所所以他采取了以他采取了“以暴制暴以暴制暴”的方式的方式,最后終于馴服了凱最后終于馴服了凱特的一身

32、傲骨。特的一身傲骨。 2021/3/2749So far , so normal, and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect: a police car was now parked conspicuously in view, its roof light slowly rotating. (Para.3)Shakespeare在句中指代的是莎士比亞的作品。通過相近的聯在句中指代的是莎士比亞的作品。通過相近

33、的聯想想,用一種事物代替另一種事物的修辭手法叫用一種事物代替另一種事物的修辭手法叫轉喻轉喻 (metonymy)。Examples:He is fond of the bottle. (wine)It will cost you a pretty penny. (money)Sheraton is a hotel noted for its good table. (food)summer-stock 夏季輪演劇目夏季輪演劇目:固定在某一劇場的專業劇團在夏季演出的劇目固定在某一劇場的專業劇團在夏季演出的劇目2021/3/2750So far , so normal, and this coul

34、d have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect: a police car was now parked conspicuously in view, its roof light slowly rotating. (Para.3)第二個分句是個含蓄條件句第二個分句是個含蓄條件句,句中并沒有出現條件從句句中并沒有出現條件從句,非真實的非真實的條件暗含在介詞短語條件暗含在介詞短語except中。中。含蓄條件句含蓄條件句:在這種句型中在這種句型

35、中,條件都暗含在上下文中。條件都暗含在上下文中。Examples:I wouldnt have been there except for him. But for your help we wouldnt have succeeded in the experiment.This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.Alone, he would have been terrified.2021/3/2751Belvedere Castle 眺望臺城堡眺望臺城堡 (para4)Belvedere is Ital

36、ian for “beautiful view”.2021/3/2752Belvedere Castle To the south of Delacorte Theater perched on Visa Rock. As its name suggests, the castle offers visitors a wonderful panoramic (a view of wide area) viewpoint. It is now home to the Henry Luce Nature Observatory (亨亨利利盧斯自然氣象臺盧斯自然氣象臺), where simple

37、displays show how naturalists observe the world.2021/3/27532021/3/27542021/3/2755Shakespeare Garden (莎士比亞花園莎士比亞花園) (para4)Nestled between the Delacorte Theater, Belvedere Castle, and the Swedish Cottage, it is a garden dedicated to Shakespeare in 1916, the 300th anniversary of his death.2021/3/2756S

38、hakespeare Garden (para4) Following a Victorian tradition, only flowers mentioned in Shakespeares plays and poetry were planted in the garden. Scattered throughout the garden are bronze plaques with Shakespearean quotations that inspired the planting.2021/3/2757 (para. 4) I was feeling a certain exh

39、ilaration, climbing the steps of Belvedere Castle all alone, peeking through the windows of the Henry Luce Nature Observatory, identifying the herbs in the Shakespeare Garden, when, after turning this way and that, I was on a winding trail in impenetrable foliage, and, within minutes, I was lost. 20

40、21/3/2758The Ramble (漫步園漫步園) (para.5)The Ramble is a sanctuary(避難所避難所) for as many as 250 species of birds, with the interlaced paths and hills, countless trees, shrubs, meadows, rocky cliffs and a winding stream. The Ramble was intended as a woodland walk through highly varied topography(地形學地形學), a

41、 wild garden away from carriage drives and bridle paths.2021/3/2759Raccoons can be seen scurrying (run with short quick steps) in the underbrush. The Ramble (para.5) Raccoon2021/3/2760Bird-watching The Ramble is one of the major centers of bird-watching in Central Park: 250 species of birds have bee

42、n spotted over the years. The Ramble as a gay icon Since at least the early 20th century, the seclusion of the Ramble has been used for private homosexual encounters.2021/3/2761Background New York Skyline (para.5)2021/3/2762New York Skyline at Night (para.5)Buildings soar upward.2021/3/2763The lake

43、is the largest body of water(excluding the Reservoir) in CentralPark. It was created out of a largeSwamp(沼澤沼澤) in the south of the Park and was intended for boating in thesummer and ice-skating in the winter. Many visitors are content, however, to circle the lake on foot, following the pathways that

44、 wind along its shoreline, watching the Parks tree-line shifting in its reflection.The Lake (para.5)2021/3/2764rowing boat on the lake in theCentral Park The Lake (para.5) 2021/3/2765 There was a light ahead, and as I rounded the corner I came upon five men, all wearing white T-shirts, huddled aroun

45、d a bench. (para. 5)2021/3/2766 I walked past, avoiding eye contact, and turned down a path, a narrow one, black dark, going down a hill, getting darker, very dark. (para. 5)2021/3/2767Im in the Park less than an hour and alreadyIm lost, on an unlighted path, facing an unknown thing shaking threaten

46、ingly in the bushes, and I thought, shit! (para.5) 2021/3/2768And I bolted, not running, exactly, but no longer strolling - and certainly not looking back - turning left, turning right, all sense of direction obliterated, the crashing continuing behind me, louder even, left, another man in a T- shir

47、t, right, another man, when finally I realized where I was - in the Ramble. (para. 5)2021/3/2769 (para. 6) 約翰約翰溫斯頓溫斯頓列儂是一名英國搖滾音樂家、創作歌手、列儂是一名英國搖滾音樂家、創作歌手、作家與積極的和平運動家作家與積極的和平運動家, ,以身為披頭士樂隊創團團員揚名全以身為披頭士樂隊創團團員揚名全球。列儂與保羅球。列儂與保羅麥卡特尼的合作是麥卡特尼的合作是2020世紀最成功也是最具世紀最成功也是最具影響力的創作組合之一影響力的創作組合之一, ,并并“創作了搖滾史上最受歡迎的歌創

48、作了搖滾史上最受歡迎的歌曲曲”,”,他在單曲榜史最有成就的作曲家中名列第二他在單曲榜史最有成就的作曲家中名列第二, ,僅次于麥僅次于麥卡特尼。卡特尼。 列儂在他的音樂、電影、書作中列儂在他的音樂、電影、書作中, ,甚至在記者會與專訪時甚至在記者會與專訪時, ,總是顯露出一種桀驁不馴、反抗權威的性格與尖刻而諷刺的總是顯露出一種桀驁不馴、反抗權威的性格與尖刻而諷刺的才思。與他的妻子小野洋子同為激進和平主義者與視覺藝術才思。與他的妻子小野洋子同為激進和平主義者與視覺藝術家家, ,所以其作品亦是極具爭議性。所以其作品亦是極具爭議性。 2021/3/2770紐約中央公園New York Central

49、Park草莓園 (Strawberry Fields）約翰列儂遺孀約翰列儂遺孀 - - 小野小野洋子為了紀念其夫于洋子為了紀念其夫于 1980 1980 年遇刺年遇刺, ,在住處（也是藍儂在住處（也是藍儂遇害的地點）達科塔大廈遇害的地點）達科塔大廈前前, ,出資修繕這個淚滴狀區出資修繕這個淚滴狀區域域, ,并稱之為并稱之為“草莓園草莓園” ” (Strawberry Fields) (Strawberry Fields) 。每年每年 12 12 月月 8 8 日（藍儂遇日（藍儂遇害日）害日）, ,全世界的披頭士歌全世界的披頭士歌迷會聚集在此一同紀念他迷會聚集在此一同紀念他, ,并遙望達科塔舊居

50、并遙望達科塔舊居, ,平時也平時也有歌迷會在馬賽克圖形上有歌迷會在馬賽克圖形上點一根蠟燭、放一束鮮花點一根蠟燭、放一束鮮花來憑吊他。來憑吊他。2021/3/27712021/3/2772eg: Its hard to get ones bearings in a thick rain forest. (1) lose ones bearings 迷失方向迷失方向;惶惑惶惑(2) bring sb to his bearings 使清醒使清醒(para. 6) get / find ones bearings: 辨明方向辨明方向,確定位置確定位置 2021/3/2773 Part 3 (Para

51、s. 712) : Central Park history and another scare.2021/3/2774One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the c

52、itys rougher elements out. (Para. 7)to the day: 恰好恰好,剛好剛好,一天不差一天不差Examples:three years ago to the day 40 years ago to the daycf.to this day 直到現在直到現在,迄今迄今of the day 當代的當代的,當時的當時的一天不差恰好三年前一天不差恰好三年前四十年前的今天四十年前的今天2021/3/2775One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day:

53、a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the citys rougher elements out. (Para. 7)句子中的句子中的rougher elements指的是紐約的工人階級指的是紐約的工人階級(working class population).中央公園當初主要是應商人和富有階層的中央公園當初主要是應商人和富有

54、階層的要求興建的要求興建的,因此因此,在公園開放的前十年在公園開放的前十年,它主要是富裕階層的娛它主要是富裕階層的娛樂場所。音樂會特別安排在周六下午樂場所。音樂會特別安排在周六下午,因為當時仍實行六天工因為當時仍實行六天工作制作制,工人們周六無法去聽音樂會工人們周六無法去聽音樂會,這樣就確保了音樂會只有富這樣就確保了音樂會只有富人才能去參加。人才能去參加。2021/3/2776One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, p

55、ointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the citys rougher elements out. (Para. 7) Understanding:Understanding: One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140 years ago: a band concert.

56、 The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.2021/3/2777Another Aesthetic Experience (para.7)2021/3/2778but everyone, as he put it, felt the need to “keep patting the Park on the back ” (para. 10)pat sb. on the back: to praise sb. for

57、doing sth. well 贊揚某人贊揚某人Eg. You should pat him on the back for the progress he has made.2021/3/2779The park might have been at its most popular (para. 10) at its most popular: when it was most popular 當當最受歡迎的時候最受歡迎的時候eg. Yoga is at its most popular now.Another expression: at ones best: meaning in on

58、es best conditioneg. He acted both tragic and comic parts, but he was at his best in comedy. 2021/3/27802nd stage in Central Parks history (19001934 ) (Para. 10) Robert Moses (18881981) was a New York state and municipal official whose ambitious public works projects of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s tr

59、ansformed the urban landscape of New York City. He expanded the States park system and built numerous parkways and hundreds of new playgrounds and parks and important highways, bridges and tunnels linking the boroughs of New York City. 2021/3/2781 Moses preferred recreational facilities to the rural

60、 scenery stressed by the English Romanticists, and an ordered and symmetrical design in French Renaissance style, evident in the southern Central Park. Therefore, under Moses, Central Park gained 19 playgrounds, 12 ball-fields, handball courts, and the Woll-man Rink (沃爾人溜冰場沃爾人溜冰場 ). 2021/3/2782He pu