1、一、一、Vertebrae 椎骨椎骨There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows:Cervical vertebrae 頸椎頸椎 C.7Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎胸椎 T.12Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎腰椎 L.5Sacral vertebrae 骶椎骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨骶骨Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨尾骨;五、五、Normal Curves of vertebral columnvCervical curvature頸曲頸曲 convex

2、 forwardvThoracic curvature胸曲胸曲 convex backward vLumbar curvature腰曲腰曲v convex forwardvSacral curvature骶曲骶曲 convex backward;General features of vertebraevVertebral body 椎體椎體vVertebral arch 椎弓椎弓vpedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓椎弓根根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch v 椎上、下切跡椎上、下切跡 vlamina of vertebral arch 椎弓

3、椎弓板板vprocess (7): vspinous process 棘突棘突vtransverse process 橫突橫突vsup. and inf. articular processesv 上、下關(guān)節(jié)突上、下關(guān)節(jié)突vVertebral foramen 椎孔椎孔 vVertebral canal 椎管椎管vIntervertebral foramen 椎間椎間孔孔;Lumbar vertebrae vVertebrae Body：v larger, kidney-shape vVertebral foramen:v larger and triangular vSpinous proce

4、sses: projects horizontally vTransverse processes:v long vArticular processes: sagittal ;1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎體間的椎體間的連結(jié)連結(jié)Intervertebral discs 椎間盤椎間盤 between bodies of adjacent vertebrae, composed of:Nucleus pulpous髓核髓核, an inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic structure (gelatinous core )An

5、nulus fibrosus纖維纖維環(huán)環(huán) an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage;Hernia of nucleus pulpous 髓核脫出髓核脫出;dyxyy;8dyxyy;9dyxyy;10dyxyy;11dyxyy;12dyxyy;13 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓間的椎弓間的連結(jié)連結(jié)vLigamenta flava 黃韌帶黃韌帶 elastic ligament, unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the poste

6、rior wall of vertebral canal; tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral columnvInterspinal ligament 棘間韌棘間韌帶帶vSupraspinal ligament 棘上棘上韌帶韌帶vLigamentum nuchae項(xiàng)韌帶項(xiàng)韌帶 vIntertansverse ligament橫突橫突間韌帶間韌帶 vZygapophysial joint 關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié);dyxyy;15dyxyy;16發(fā)生于椎管、側(cè)隱窩和椎間孔。先天發(fā)生于椎管、側(cè)隱窩和椎間孔。先天或后天性。頸或后天性。頸10mm10mm，腰，腰11.5mm11.5mmCTCT：椎體后緣骨贅向椎管內(nèi)突入。：椎體后緣骨贅向椎管內(nèi)突入。側(cè)隱窩狹窄：椎間盤退變膨出和上側(cè)隱窩狹窄：椎間盤退變膨出和上下關(guān)節(jié)突肥大是其主要緣由，前后徑下關(guān)節(jié)突肥大是其主要緣由，前后徑2mm2mm為狹窄，為狹窄，2-4mm2-4mm為可疑。黃為可疑。黃韌帶或后縱韌帶肥厚、骨化。椎體韌帶或后縱韌帶肥厚、骨化。椎體滑脫滑脫椎板峽部裂或椎間盤、韌帶退椎板峽部裂或椎間盤、韌帶退變。變。MRIMRI：征