1、2019 年高三二輪復習 -完形填空的解題技巧及訓練+非謂語動詞的復習( 3)一 . 課程介紹知識點1. 歸納講解完形填空的解題技巧(3) - 說明文2. 重點語法 : 非謂語動詞的復習(3) - 非謂語動詞作狀語教學重點1. 掌握并運用好記敘文體完形填空的解題技巧2. 準確辨析及正確使用非謂語動詞作狀語的用法教學難點完形填空中高頻詞語的掌握二 . 要點回顧I. 填空1 .The park was full of people (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.2 .Toady there are more airplanes (carry) more pe

2、ople than ever before in the skies.3 .The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras(return) to our shop for qualityproblems.4 .Volunteering gives you a chance(change) lives, including your own.5 .Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint)to guard her.【答

3、案】1.enjoying【解析】現在分詞作定語，表示動作正在進行，主動含義【答案】2.carrying【解析】現在分詞作定語，表示動作正在進行，主動含義【答案】3.returned【解析】過去分詞作定語，表示被動【答案】4.to change【解析】不定式作定語，強調將來的動作【答案】5.appointed【解析】過去分詞作定語，表示動作被動含義II. 完形填空 （2015 四川卷）My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I_11_ fe

4、eding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no_12_coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no _13_ and didn etscape. When I threw carrot slices（ 薄 片 ） ， they even came for a nibble（啃）.Slowly they came to_14 me, and by the end of the

5、year they were eating out of myhand.That second year, the rabbits_15me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I wasfeeding them, I_16_that a groundhog who used to run away was now talking an_17interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long_17,with a keen eye onthose teeth, and _,

6、there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching（ 津津有味的咀嚼） On carrots. A few months later, while _20_,she would even turnher back to me._21_ When she was facing away, I reached out and 22_scratched （搔）her back with my finger, SheDidn t move.By year three, the rabbi

7、ts and the groundhog were back. The ground hog _23_didn a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea, I dalways_24_,while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap.25_one day, just to see what she would do ,I gently26_ one on top of the groundhog s head. Again, not a _27_, The n

8、ext time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures,28_she had aslice to eat, she never _29_ the one of her head. It was a fair _30_ I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.11.A. avoidedB. startedC. canceledD. suggested12.A .businessB. funC.

9、problemD. privilege13.A. helpB. cheatC. threatD. exception14.A .trustB. missC. admireD. appreciate15.A .fearedB. ignoredC. discoveredD. remembered17.A. extremeB. increasingC. additionalD. inspiring18.A. squirrelB. rabbitC. peanutD. carrot19.A. before longB .long agoC. over and overD. all over again2

10、0.A. eatingB. playingC. sittingD. sleeping21.A. NextB. OnceC. SoonD. Lately22.A. carefullyB. suddenlyC. violentlyD. patiently23.A. alsoB. thusC. justD. still24.A .thoughtB. doubtedC. admittedD. recognized25.A. WhileB. OrC. SoD. For26.A. fixedB. placedC. hungD. kept27.A .trembleB. moveC. delayD. hesi

11、tation28.A. Even ifB. Ever sinceC.As far asD. So long as29.A. welcomedB. requiredC. botheredD. expected30.A .tradeB. competitionC. taskD. affair【答案】 11-15 BCCAD 16-20 CBDAA 21-25 BADAC 26-30 BBDCA三 . 知識精要1 .說明文類型的完形填空的解題思路在說明文型完形填空中，作者一般是首先提出一個要說明的對象，如某種理論、某種方法、某種技巧、某項活動，然后按照時間、空間、事情發展順序，運用列舉、對比、演繹、

12、歸納等方式進行介紹和說明。 說明文型完形填空常就某一個問題從不同的角度來加以說明。 文章還可以用來說明某一個存在的社會現象、 一個產品的制作過程、 一個產品的使用方法、 某個科學成就或人類生活中所面臨的某個具體的難題。 對于這一類型的完形填空， 對考生而言最重要的還是要抓住作者說明的中心。 說明文所呈現的方式往往比較單一， 作者往往一開始就交代說明的對象， 然后再從不同的角度進行說明。 由于以上特點， 這類文章的每一段往往就是其中的一個角度或側面。 因此， 考生要注意概括每一個段落的主旨大意。 在文章每一段的開頭或結尾，作者往往會對說明的話題進行概括說明。2 . 語法非謂語動詞（3） - 非謂

13、語動詞作狀語的辨析考點聚焦1 .不定式：一般做目的狀語（翻譯為“為了。 。 ” ）和結果狀語（一般放在逗號后，與only連用，強調出乎意料的結果）（注）： in order to 和 so as to 也可譯為“為了。 。 。，以便。 ?！钡?in order to 可以位于句首或句 中， so as to 不能位于句首。Eg. To complete the task on time , workers had to work overtime.I hurried to the airport, only to be told the plane had taken off.2 .分詞：可做

14、時間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語或結果狀語（分詞做結 果狀語時，一般強調自然而然產生的結果）Eg. Walking on the street yesterday , I heard my name called.（ 時間狀語）Seen from the top of the mountain, the village seems more beautiful. （條件狀語/時間狀語） （注） 分詞做狀語時， 它的邏輯主語是句子的主語， 所以要根據句子的主語來判斷主動或被 動關系。The teacher came into the classroom, carrying a l

15、arge box.（ 伴隨狀語）It has been raining for a week , causing a lot of damage. （結果狀語，強調自然而然產生 的結果）四 . 要點講練【要點1 】說明文的完形填空：【 例題1 】 （ 2015 廣東卷）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably t

16、he longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we can t live forever, we are living

17、a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span （ 壽命 ） was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don btegin to experience physical and menta

18、l _7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood. Before modern medicinechanged the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that thechances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and heal

19、th care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in our population will havelasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes willbe for the worse, while some see _ 12_, not disaster, many men and women in their“ goldenyears ” are healthy, st

20、ill active, and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives aheadof them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1. A. designedB. selectedC. improvedD. discovered2. A. completelyB. generallyC. apparentlyD. extremely3. A. rapidlyB. harml

21、esslyC. endlesslyD. separately4. A. eventuallyB. hopelesslyC. automaticallyD. desperately5. A. busierB. longerC. richerD. happier6. A. finishingB. guidingC. waitingD. dividing7. A. stressB. damageC. declineD. failure8. A. surviveB. enjoyC. rememberD. value9. A. problemsB. fearsC. worriesD. diseases1

22、0. A. poorB. youngC. sickD. quiet11. A. changesB. recoveryC. safetyD. increases12. A. dreamsB. chancesC. strengthsD. choices13. A. mindB. appearanceC. voiceD. movement14. A. protectionB. suggestionsC. contributionsD. permission15. A. soundB. appearC. turnD. stay答案與解析：1.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根據動詞短語的固定搭配可以知

23、道，這里表示設定。3 .【答案】D【解析】考查副詞。根據110 years is the longest that 的意思，即一個必須非常健康才可能達到。4 .【答案】 C【解析】 考查副詞。 根據第一段所述的最長壽命可知， 人的細胞不可能無窮無盡的再生可以得知答案。5 .【答案】A【解析】考查副詞。第一段最后一句，they wear out, and as a result,we get old的意思可知，人最終是會死亡的。6 .【答案】A【解析】考查比較級的用法。 was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years.所以答案是longer。7 .【答案】B

24、【解析】考查對上下文的理解。between middle age and old age可以知道這里是說兩者的切分點，其他選項不符合語境。8 .【答案】C【解析】 考查名詞。 根據第三段最后句， many older people don ' t beginetoperience physical and mental untilafter age 75r知答案。9 .【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據第四段第一句可知答案。10 【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據前面內容可知，此處指孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。11 .【答案】B【解析】考查對上下文的理解。根據第四段段第一句和第二句話可

25、知，這里指的是兒童的早逝。12 .【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據第五段第一句話同時聯系第三句可知，人口結構發生了變化。13 .【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據對上下文的理解，第五段段第一句和第二句話可知，這里指的是人口結構變化帶來的機遇。14 .【答案】A【解析】考查對上下文的理解。根據前四段可知，這里指的人口年齡和心態。15 .【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。文章最后一段可知，還有最后一個單詞可知答案。16 .【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據語意，老年人需要保持活躍和有貢獻可知答案?！纠}2】（2017年安徽淮南高三第二次模擬）Using public toilets in C

26、hina can often be a challenging undertaking, particularly for thosenot practiced in the art of sitting deep. 41 researchers in China have come up with a new 42 that's public toilets: the overpowering odorthey say can help 43 a poisonous problem bothering China（惡臭）.Unlike chemical solutions, 44 a

27、re expensive and can 45 . the environment, the new biotreatment is being thought as a cost-effective way of protecting the environment to 4675percent of the bad smell in bathrooms, according to researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The 47 behind the treatment lies in a special 48 of two t

28、ypes of bacteria - lactobacillius sp （孚L桿菌類細菌 ）and streptococcus thermopiles （嗜熱鏈球菌） as well as the elements of oranges. The prepared mixture, which comes in liquid or powder form, feeds on human waste when applied, thus 49 the growth of odor-making bacteria. However, not yet available in 50 the odo

29、r-killing technology is still undergoing 51 Many experiments with the solution are being 52 in the Huanglong Nature Preserve and Jiuzhaigou National Park.We can see the technology is especially suited for use in the nonflushing （ 非沖水）toilets often found in these types of nature preserves, since wate

30、r regulations in these areas are often very 53 and pipes are difficult to 54 . Portable bathrooms, while 55 , are relatively expensive to maintain compared with the biosolution.This way 56-can see that not only are your 57 nice, but the toilets and the other facilities at the site are pleasant as we

31、ll and the technology has other_58, as well, such as the treatment of rubbish. " said the administrator of Jiuzhaigou National Park.If 59 to its effectiveness prove true, the technology is likely to be 60 by the Chinese healthauthorities.41. A. BecauseB. IfC. ButD. While42. A. technologyB. wayC

32、. machineD. psychology43. A. confirmB. analyzeC. find outD. deal with44. A. whichB. theyC. thatD. those45. A. benefitB. protectC. harmD. influence46. A. lead toB. take inC. keep outD. make use of47. A. identityB. scienceC. instructionD. procedure48. A. seedB. poisonC. mixtureD. discovery49. A. preve

33、ntingB. keepingC.causingD. forbidding50. A. gardensB. forestsC. homesD. supermarkets51. A. discussingB. usingC. testingD. analyzing52. A. plannedB. simplifiedC. classifiedD. debated53. A. strictB. harmoniousC. draftedD. canceled54. A. polishB. twistC. makeD. fix55. A. optionalB. cleanC.superbD. conv

34、enient56. A. lawyersB. touristsC. burglarsD. merchants57 A. goodsB. animalsC. mountainsD. guides58. A. phenomenaB. disadvantagesC. applicationsD. characteristics59. A. resultsB. guessesC. doubtsD. claims60. A. acceptedB. refusedC.abandonedD. banned答案與解析：41.【答案】C【解析】 考查邏輯關系中的轉折關系。42 .【答案】A【解析】 根據第三段中

35、“the odor-killing technology ”,與 the technology is especially suited for ” 提示。43 .【答案】D【解析】 根據句意推斷為“新技術有助于解決或處理一個嚴重的問題。”44.【答案】A【解析】 非限制性定語從句。45 .【答案】C【解析】 根據句型結構和"chemical solutions”說明化學方法有害環境。46 .【答案】B【解析】新技術能夠分解或吸收廁所中75%勺臭氣。47 .【答案】B【解析】這種處理方式背后的科學在于一張混合物質。48 .【答案】C【解析】根據下文提示，"The prepa

36、red mixture ”。49 .【答案】A【解析】根據下文推理，抑制產生臭氣的細菌生長。50 .【答案】D【解析】只有"supermarkets ”是公共場所，才有公共廁所。51 .【答案】C【解析】這種技術正在被測試，因此不能應用到公共廁所。52 .【答案】A【解析】 根據上題推斷，有關測試正在風景區計劃當中。53 .【答案】A【解析】“由于風景區的用水規定相當嚴格，水管等安裝系統也很難安裝?！?4 .【答案】D【解析】見53題詳解。55 .【答案】D【解析】與生物處理辦法相比，便攜廁所雖然方便但保養費用相對昂貴。56 .【答案】B【解析】“通過這個辦法，游客會發現，不僅你這里

37、的山美，景區的廁所和其他設施也 很好”。57 .【答案】C【解析】見56題。58 .【答案】C【解析】“該技術還有其他用途，比如應用于垃圾處理”。59 .【答案】D【解析】根據上文推理，“如果事實證明，關于其有效性的說法是真的，該技術可能會 被中國衛生機構全面采納?！?0 .【答案】A【解析】見59題?！纠}3】（2015河南開封二模）It can be hard to decide which food to buy in an American grocery store these days. The information on many products makes 51 claim

38、s.The label organic （有機的）"52 that the United States Department of Agriculture recognized the product was grown under special conditions. If the food is grown 53 , it shows the words USDA organic " on it. This is an official label.The food is grown without chemical treatment against insects

39、 or 54 . It is grown without chemical fertilizers. Before a product can be labeled “ organic, " 5n） will visit the farm where the food is produced to make sure the farm 56_USDA standards. Organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products come from 57_ that are given no antibiotics （抗生素）,must be fe

40、d organic food and have 58 to the outdoors.No conclusive 59 shows that organic food is more nutritious than traditionally grown food. And the USDA even if it proves organic food doesn ' t60 claim that these products are safer or more nutritious. Organic foods meet the same 61_and safety standard

41、s as traditional foods. The difference 62 how the food is produced, processed and handled. Some people buy organic food for 63 reasons. Organic food is produced by 64who emphasize the use of renewableresources. The prices between most organic food and 65 food vary. Higher prices are due to moreexpen

42、sive farming 66. A lot of work must be done every day.The new USDA ' s national organic programme for labelingis 67 at enabling consumers to make a(n) 68 choice among the foods they purchase and also include the safeguardagainst 69 . People who sell or label a product<< _ _ _ _ _organic“ w

43、hen they know it does not meet USDAstandards can be 7051. A. unbelievableup to $11,000 .B. falseC. differentD. flexible52. A. predictsB. provesC. proposesD. doubts53. A. on the contraryB. in any caseC. in turnD. in this way54. A. diseasesB. operationsC. activitiesD. services55. A. protectorB. remind

44、erC. inspectorD. volunteer56. A. presentsB.opposesC. protectsD. meets57. A. plantsB. villagesC. animalsD. farms58. A. solutionB.accessC. entranceD. direction59. A. agreementB. conceptC. expectationD. evidence60. A. publiclyB. soonC. secretlyD. anxiously61. A. shapeB. fashionC. qualityD. size62. A.li

45、es inB. consists ofC. knows aboutD. puzzles about63. A. financialB. socialC. culturalD. environmental64. A.sellersB. farmersC. driversD. buyers65. A. freshB. deliciousC. traditionalD. new66. A. practicesB.toolsC.chemicalsD. machines67.A. surprisedB.laughedC.aimedD.delighted68. A. activeB.potentialC.

46、 wrongD.sensible69 A.limitationB.misrepresentationC.reservationD. reaction70. A. awardedB. givenC.finedD.spared答案與解析：51.【答案】C【解析】由前文的It can be hard to decide可知選Co52.【答案】B【 解析 】由前文的 claims 可知選 B 。53 .【答案】D【 解析 】由前文的 grown under special conditions 可知選 D 。54 .【答案】A【解析 】由 insects 可知選 A 。55 .【答案】C【 解析】此處

47、指美國農業部門的檢查員檢查后才會給予有機食物標簽。56 .【答案】D【解析】由空后的USDA standards 可知選 D。57 .【答案】C【 解析 】由前文的 Organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products 可知選 C 。58 .【答案】B【解析 】根據空后的 the outdoors 可知選 B 。59 .【答案】D【 解析 】根據空后面的內容可知選D 。60 .【答案】A【 解析 】根據前后句意選A 。61 .【答案】 C【解析】由下文的 safety standards可知選C。62 .【答案】 A【 解析 】根據句意，不同之處在于食物

48、是怎樣被產生，加工和處理的。故選A 。63 .【答案】D【解析】由下文的the use of renewable resources可知選 D。64 .【答案】B【 解析 】根據句意有機食物由重視使用可再生資源的農民產生，故選B 。65 .【答案】C【 解析】此處是指有機食物和傳統食物的價格不用，故選C。66 .【答案】A【 解析】 farming practices 引申為農業勞動。67.【答案】C【解析】be aimed at doing固定結構，以。為目標。68 .【答案】D【解析】make a sensible choice做出理性選擇。69 .【答案】B【解析】根據下文的描述可知選

49、B。70 .【答案】C【解析】根據空后的up to $11,000可知選Co【例題4】（2015重慶卷）Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 1 , your body clock is co nfused. You' rsleepy all day, but when it ' time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously yo u are 2 jet lag （時差反應）.Travelers have traditional

50、ly fought this 3 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actuall y healthier ways that can work just as 4.For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 5 your biological block to the destination ' s time. If it ' s daytime in your destination, try towaaying around the cabin （客艙）ca

51、n be of help. When it ' s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before theflight, 7 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new _8_of sleep and wakefulness.1.A. flightB. changeC. demandD. climate2.A. suffering from B. working onC. looking intoD. lea

52、ding to3.A. dangerB. problemC. wasteD. fear4.A. brieflyB. slowlyC. suddenlyD. effectively5.A. checkingB. sendingC. adjustingD. stopping6.A. awakeB. aloneC. hungryD. calm7.A. thoughB. soC. wholeD. or8.A. understanding B. cycleC. researchD. trend答案與解析:1.【答案】B【解析】根據上下文可知，到達新時區后，體內的生物鐘會混亂，此處指的是身體對這種時間的改

53、變反應很慢。2 .【答案】A【解析】考查基本句意。根據上文可知，到達新時區后，白天會困，而到了睡覺時間卻幾乎 不能入睡，由此可知，這是在遭受時差反應之苦。3 .【答案】B【解析】考查基本句意。根據上文可知，人們會遭受時差反應之苦，因此，旅行者習慣上會 使用安眠藥或者酒精來與這種問題作斗爭。4 .【答案】D【解析】根據語境可知相比于使用安眠藥或酒精來對抗時差反應，實際上有更健康的方法， 且同樣有效。5 .【答案】C【解析】根據上下文可知，作者提到的更健康的方法是一上飛機，就開始把你的生物鐘調整到目的地的時間。6 .【答案】A【解析】考查對上下文的理解。根據上文中提到的把你的生物鐘調整到目的地的時

54、間可知， 如果到達目的地是白天，就盡力保持清醒，不要睡覺。7 .【答案】D【解析】根據語境可知，空格前為祈使句，意為在飛行前吃東西，空格后意為空腹會讓你睡不著，故空格處應填并列連詞or。8 .【答案】B【解析】根據上文可知，作者提出了適應時區變化的建議，即改變作息時間，這是一個不同于以往的新的生物鐘循環?！纠}5】（2015上海卷）If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interes

55、t in romance among the artists. 1 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people' s earned to center on hunting andgathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 2 in people ' slives. The 3_is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love.An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly va