1、下載可編輯電力系統計算報告院（系）電氣工程及自動化授課教師胡林獻姓名張遠實學號13S106052.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯P-Q 分解潮流法簡述 P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理、 計算過程、計算框圖。用 C語言編制 P-Q 分解法潮流程序，并用電科院 6 機 22 節點系統加以驗證。要求采用稀疏技術、因子表技術和節點優化技術， 并考慮負荷靜態特性。P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理：P-Q 分解法即是基于采用極坐標形式表示的牛頓法，其根據電力系統實際運行狀態的線路參數 R/X 通常很小的情況，對求解修正量的修正方程系數矩陣加以簡化，使其變為常數陣( 即所謂的等斜率 ) ，且 P 、Q 迭代解耦。這樣可減

2、少每次迭代的計算時間，提高計算速度，又不影響最終結果，因此是通常選用的一種方法。但在低電壓配電網中，當線路R/X比值很大時，可能出現不收斂情況，此時應考慮更換其它方法。計算過程：1、 形成有功迭代和無功迭代的簡化雅克比矩陣B' 和 B''2、 給定 PQ節點的初值和各節點電壓相角初值nPi (k)/ Vi (k)3、 作有功迭代PiPisPiPis ViV j (Gij cos ijBij sin ij ) ，計算，解修j 1(k1)(k)(k)，得各節點電壓相角的修正值。正方程 iii4、 作無功迭代QiQisQiQisVinV j (Gij sin ijQi(k)/

3、 Vi(k)，Bij cos ij ) 計算，解j 1修正方程 V i (k1)V i(k)V i(k)，得各節點電壓幅值的修正量。5、 返回第三步，繼續迭代到滿足要求為止。計算框圖流程：.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯輸入原始數據形成矩陣 B' 及 B'' 并進行三角分解設 PQ 節點電壓初值，各節點電壓相角初值制迭代計數 k=0KP1,KQ1用公式計算不平衡功率Pi(k)，計算Pi (k) / Vi (k)YmaxPi(k) P ?置 K p 0解修正方程求i(k)K Q0?Y(k1)(k)(k)iii置KQ1用公式計算不平衡功率Qi(k) ，計算Qi(k) / Vi

4、(k)max Qi(k) Q ?置KQ 0Yi(k)K P0?解修正方程求VYVi (k1)Vi (k)Vi (k)置KP1k1k計算平衡節點功率及全部線路輸出.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯算例描述用電科院6 機 22 節點算例進行驗證，詳細參數和網絡拓撲圖如下所示表 1線路參數支路號首末端節點號支路電阻支路電抗對地電納 /217-80.01060.07400.027-90.01470.10400.038-90.00340.01310.049-220.05590.21800.1954512-130.002450.02551.395614-190.00340.02000.0716-190.0578

5、0.21800.1887816-200.01630.06620.2353916-210.03740.17800.1641016-180.00330.03330.01119-210.01140.03700.01220-220.02140.08590.30081321-220.01500.06070.2198148-220.05370.19000.16531511-120.00330.03431.08797表 2變壓器支路數據支路號首末端節點號電阻電抗變比17-10.00.01501.05029-20.00.02171.075322-30.00.01241.100419-40.00.06401.0

6、25518-50.00.03751.050617-60.00.03371.000710-90.0-0.0021.000811-100.00.01801.000915-120.00.01801.0001017-130.00.01001.0001115-140.0-0.0021.0001216-170.00.00101.027表 3并聯電容器數據節點號電納12-1.3665160.5017611-1.366512-1.3665.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯表 4母線功率數據母線號發電機輸出有功發電機輸出無功負荷有功負荷無功15.96311.73550.000.00263.20.000.0033.14

7、.60.000.0000.0054.33.340.000.006-0.011.00.000.0070.000.000.000.0080.000.002.871.4490.000.003.762.21100.000.000.000.00110.000.000.000.00120.000.000.000.00130.000.000.000.00140.000.000.000.00150.000.000.000.00160.000.005.02.9170.000.000.000.00180.000.004.32.6190.000.000.8640.662200.000.000.7

8、190.474210.000.000.70.5220.000.002.2651.69表 5 無功可調母線數據母線號電壓幅值（標幺值）無功下限值無功上限制11.0-51031.0-5561.0-56表 6發電機參數母線號暫態電抗轉子慣性時阻尼系數發電機有功 發電機有功間常數出力下限出力上限10.0150140.820.00316.520.038230.000.001.26.630.039679.500.001.58.2540.121015.680.0048039.200.001.025.6160.19762.620.000.21.1.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯圖 1 電科院

9、6 機 22 節點系統圖計算結果IVCAPLQLPGQG1 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 5.96312 1.735492 0.97384 -11.311893 0.00000 0.00000 6.00000 3.200003 1.00000 -27.459057 0.00000 0.00000 3.10000 3.147314 1.02190 -25.168610 0.00000 0.00000 1.60000 0.700005 1.04392 -28.205656 0.00000 0.00000 4.30000 3.340006 1.00000 -37.5

10、66566 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01000 0.916647 1.02697 -5.247170 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000008 0.96847 -19.788813 -2.87000 -1.44000 0.00000 0.000009 0.98081 -19.738201 -3.76000 -2.21000 0.00000 0.0000010 0.97985 -19.304344 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000011 0.99050 -23.173771 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00

11、00012 0.99359 -30.499034 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000013 0.98198 -35.528090 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000014 1.00020 -30.695861 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000015 1.00103 -30.720282 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000016 0.99308 -27.750976 -5.00000 -2.90000 0.00000 0.0000017 0.96911 -37.546641 0.00000

12、0.00000 0.00000 0.00000.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯18 0.98360 -37.696751 -4.30000 -2.60000 0.00000 0.0000019 1.00776 -31.018334 -0.86400 -0.66200 0.00000 0.0000020 1.01475 -35.674534 -0.71900 -0.47400 0.00000 0.0000021 1.101546 -32.104404 -0.70000 -0.50000 0.00000 0.0000022 1.05792 -29.749725 -2.26500 -1.69000 0.

13、00000 0.00000I J PIJ QIJPJIQJI1 7 5.963121.73549 -5.96312 -1.156932 9 6.000003.20000 -6.00000 -2.141953 22 3.10000 3.14731 -3.10000 -2.905314 19 1.60000 0.70000 -1.60000 -0.513085 18 4.30000 3.34000 -4.30000 -2.319866 17 -0.01000 0.91664 0.01000 -0.888337 8 3.48120 0.74380 -3.35384 0.145337 9 2.4819

14、1 0.41314 -2.39368 0.211128 9 -0.28186 -0.83922 0.28470 0.850168 22 0.76571 -0.74611 -0.71214 0.595619 10 3.63860 -0.48476 -3.63860 0.456749 22 0.71038 -0.64457 -0.66894 0.3995110 113.63860-0.45674-3.638600.7088611 123.38055-2.04951-3.59392-1.1859912 133.38055-1.10216-3.35200-1.3230612 150.21337-0.4

15、0993-0.213370.4138313 173.352001.32306 -3.35200 -1.1883914 15-0.21337 0.413390.21337 -0.4138314 190.21337-0.41339-0.212640.4177216 17-3.34200 -2.06023 3.342002.0767116 180.000270.28284 -0.00000 -0.2801416 19-0.51158 -0.08567 0.52751-0.2319916 20-0.59323 -0.39926 0.59959-0.0495816 21-0.55346 -0.14284

16、 0.56509-0.1326619 210.42113-0.33465-0.417880.3451920 22-1.31859 -0.42442 1.35499-0.0758421 22-0.84721 -0.71254 0.861080.29604源程序#include "math.h"#include "stdio.h"#define NS2000/ 最大節點數#define NS2NS*2#define NS41000/NS4 、 NS必須大于 2*zls 。.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯#define ZS3000/ 最大支路數#define Z

17、S2ZS*2#define DKS200/ 最大電抗器數#define N2ZS*4#define N3ZS*8+NS*4FILE *fp1, *fp2;char inname12, outname12;/ fp1 輸入數據文件指針 fp2 輸出文件指針/inname 輸入數據文件名outname 輸出數據文件名int n, zls, nb, mdk, mpj, bnsopton, it1, dsd, kk2, nzls;/節點總數 n( 包括聯絡節點 )支路數 ( 回路數 )zls節點數 nb( 發電機和負荷 )/接地電抗數 mdk 精度 eps平衡節點號 mpj/節點優化 ( 標志 )bn

18、sopton(=0節點不優化， !=0 節點優化 )/最大迭代次數 it1 最低電壓或最大功率誤差節點號dsd/ 負荷靜特性標志 (=0 考慮負荷靜特性 )/ 支路數 ( 雙回線算一條支路 )int izlZS, jzlZS, idkDKS, ydsNS, ydzNS, iyZS2;/izl,jzl,idk:分別存放左、右節點號和電抗器節點號。/ yds 存放各行非零非對角元素的個數。/ ydzi 是第 i 行第一個非零非對角元素的首地址，/ 即在所有非零非對角元素中的次序號/ iy存放列足碼。int nnewNS4, oldNS, nobNS, nobtNS;/nnew,old存放的是新、舊

19、節點號。/nnewi中為 i 對應的新號/nob 存放的是節點號。nobt存放的是節點類型, 0: pq節點 , -1: pv節點。double eps, dsm, vmin, dph, dqh, af3;/ eps 迭代收斂精度， dsm最大功率誤差/ vmin: 系統最低電壓值。 dph,dqh: 系統有、無功損耗。/ af0 和 af1 分別是負荷有功功率、無功功率靜態特性系數。double v00;/ v00:系統平均電壓ci,cj分別作為節點i,j的電壓相角的臨時存儲單元。double zrZS, zxZS, zykZS, dkkDKS, giiNS, biiNS, ygZS2, y

20、bZS2; double pgNS, qgNS, plNS, qlNS, v0NS, vNS, vaNS;/支路電阻 zr支路電抗 zx輸電線路充電容納 zyk(y0/2)/接地電抗 dkk對角元實部 gii對角元虛部/非對角元實部 yg非對角元虛部 yb/pg,qg,pl,ql:發電機，負荷功率實、虛部/ v 是電壓幅值 ,va 是電壓相角。double wNS2, kg3, bNS2;int newsortNS4;/newsorti存放 i 對應的老號.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯void initial();void pqflow();void out();void dataio();vo

21、id bnsopt();void zlsort(int* nnew);void printo();void printy();void y2();void ya0();void yzb();void jdgl(int kq0);void bbhl(int kq0);void calc();int iabs(int a);void branch_output();void newval(double* aa);void printc(char aa, int n);/void printc();void iswap(int* m, int* n);/void iswap();/void swap

22、();void swap(double* m, double* n);void printf2(double* aa, double* bb, int n);void calc(int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd, double* b);void printi(int* aa, int n);void printf1(double* aa, int n);int find(int k, int a, int* z);void yzb(int t, int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd);int isgn(

23、int a, int b);void yy1();void y3();void newtoold();void node_output();/int pq_main(void)initial();/ 初始化pqflow();/pq潮流計算out();/ 輸出節點和支路數據return 1;.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯int isgn(int a, int b)/*本函數功能返回值為a 的絕對值b 的符號*/ 參數 1 提供值，參數2 提供符號 /if (b < 0)if (a > 0)a = -a;return a;int find(int k, int a, int* z)/*本

24、函數查找a 中是否有fabs(k)有則返回 0，無則返回1*/ 參數 1 為待查找量，參數2 待搜索數組，參數3 返回 k 在 a 中的次序號 /int i;for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)if(iabs(k) = ai)*z = i;return 1;return 0;void oldtonew()/*本函數將輸入數據中的節點號變成從1 開始的連續節點號*/int i, j, k, ii1, ii2, zls2, k1, k2, k3, k4, ip;zls2 = zls + zls;for (i = 1; i <= zls2; i +)newsorti = 0;

25、ii1 = 0;for (i = 1; i <= zls; i +).專業 .整理 .下載可編輯k = izli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsortii1 = iabs(k);k = jzli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsortii1 = iabs(k);for (i = 1; i <= ii1-1; i +)for (j = i+1; j <= ii1; j +)if (newsorti > newsortj)k = newsorti;newsorti = ne

26、wsortj;newsortj = k;for (i = 1; i <= zls; i +)k = izli;if (find(k, newsort, &ii2)izli = isgn(ii2, k);elseprintf("error!");k = jzli;if (find(k, newsort, &ii2)jzli = isgn(ii2, k);elseprintf("error!");printf("izl%d = %d, jzl%d = %dn", i, izli, i, jzli);for (i =

27、1; i <= nb; i +).專業 .整理 .下載可編輯for (j = 1; j <= n; j +)if (nobi = newsortj)nobi = j;break;printf("nob%d = %dn", i, nobi);for (j = 1; j <= n; j +)if (mpj = newsortj)mpj = j;break;/ 電抗器節點號轉變for (j = 1; j <= mdk; j +)for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)if (idkj = newsorti)idkj = i;break;/hu

28、 2013-1-8printc('-', 58);fprintf(fp2, "nn*newsort*n");for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)fprintf(fp2, "%8d%8dn", i, newsorti);fprintf(fp2, "n*newsort*n");/ hu 2013-1-8void initial()/*本函數進行初始化工作*/.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯int i, k1;dataio();/輸入原始數據oldtonew();/轉化為新號if (bnsopton = 0)/

29、節點不優化，新節點號即為老節點號。for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)oldi = i;nnewi = i;elsebnsopt();/節點優化mpj = nnewmpj;/mpj:平衡節點zlsort(nnew);/ sort the r,x and bfor (i = 1; i <= mdk; i +)k1 = idki;idki = nnewk1;for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)vi = v00;vai = 0.0; /所有節點的電壓幅值初值都為1.000(v00)，電壓相角初值都為0 。/ exchange the node before

30、and after sort for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)ydsi = 0; / the immediate for (i = 1; i <= nb; i +)k1 = nnewnobi; ydsk1 = nobti;for (i = 1; i <= n; i +) nobti = ydsi;newval(pg);newval(qg);newval(pl);newval(ql);newval(v0);for (i = 1; i <= n; i +) / nobt is type of nodeif (nobti = -1)vi = v0i;/nob

31、is serials numbe/nobt = -1: pv節點， v0 存放的是最后一個節點數據，.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯/ 對于 pv 節點，即為該點應維持的電壓值。/nobt = 0: pq節點， v0 存放的是最后一個節點數據，/ 對于 pq 節點，即為系統平均電壓值。printo();/ 輸出 af 、 v00 和節點排序后的支路、節點和/ 接地電抗數據 ( 僅僅查看中間結果 )ya0();/獲得 yds 、 ydz 、列足碼iy。 ( P407 )void printo()/*輸出 af、 v00 和節點排序后的支路、節點和接地電抗數據*/int i;fprintf(fp2,

32、"n*AF AND V0 *n");fprintf(fp2, "n %7.3f%7.3f%7.3fn", af0, af1, v00);printc('-', 78);fprintf(fp2, "nn*ZLB*n");for (i = 1; i <= zls; i +)fprintf(fp2, "n");fprintf(fp2, "%8d%8d%8d%8d", izli, jzli, oldabs(izli), oldabs(jzli);fprintf(fp2, "

33、;%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f", zri, zxi, zyki);printc('-', 78);fprintf(fp2, "nn*BUS*n");for (i = 1; i <= nb; i +)fprintf(fp2, "n");fprintf(fp2, "%8d%8d%8d", nobi,oldnobi, nobti);fprintf(fp2,"%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f",pgi,qgi,pli,qli,v0i);printc('-'

34、;, 78);fprintf(fp2,"nn*DKK*n");for (i = 1; i <= mdk; i +)fprintf(fp2, "n");fprintf(fp2, "%8d%8d%7.4f", idki, oldidki, dkki);void dataio().專業 .整理 .下載可編輯/*系統數據初始化*/int i;af0 = 0.6;af1 = 2.0;/af0和 af1分別是負荷有功功率、無功功率靜態特性系數。v00 = 1.000;/系統平均電壓printf("nplease input the

35、 name of data filen");scanf("%s", inname);fp1 = fopen(inname, "r");printf("nplease output the name of data filen");scanf("%s", outname);fp2 = fopen(outname, "w");fscanf(fp1, "%d %d %d %d", &n, &zls, &nb, &mdk);/ the num

36、ber of node ,branches, nodefscanf(fp1, "%lf %d %d %d %d", &eps, &kk2, &mpj,&bnsopton, &it1);/precision, swing node,sort the node,iteration numbersfor (i = 1; i <= zls; i +)fscanf(fp1, "%d %d", &izli, &jzli);fscanf(fp1, "%lf %lf %lf ", &

37、;zri, &zxi, &zyki);for (i = 1; i <= nb; i +)fscanf(fp1, "%d %d", &nobi, &nobti);fscanf(fp1, "%lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &pgi, &qgi, &pli,&qli, &v0i);for (i = 1; i <= mdk; i +)fscanf(fp1, "%d %lf", &idki, &dkki);fclose(fp1);vo

38、id pqflow()/*PQ分解法計算潮流*/int kq0, iu1N2, nfd1NS, iu2N2, nfd2NS;int i, t;.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯double u1N2, u2N2, di1NS, di2NS;yy1();yzb(0, iu1, u1, di1, nfd1); /form the B matrix of P-0 iterationy2();yzb(1, iu2, u2, di2, nfd2); /form the B matrix of Q-V iterationt = 0;kq0 = 0;kg0 = kg1 = 1;dojdgl(kq0); / cal

39、culating the powerbbhl(kq0); / find out the maxiif (kq0 = 0)printf("P: %dt%dt%fn", t, dsd, dsm);elseprintf("Q: %dt%dt%fn", t, dsd, dsm);if (fabs(dsm) > eps)kgkq0=1;if (kq0 = 0)calc(iu1, u1, di1, nfd1, b);if (kq0 = 1)calc(iu2, u2, di2, nfd2, b);for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)if(kq0

40、 = 0 )vai = vai - bi / v00;elsevi = vi - bi;elsekgkq0 = 0;if(kq0 = 0)kq0 = 1;elsekq0 = 0;t +;if(t > it1)break;while(fabs(dsm) > eps) | (kgkq0 != 0);.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯fprintf(fp2, "n%s%d", "times = ", t);void out()/*本函數輸出節點和支路數據*/zlsort(old);/ recover the data if sorted/newtoold

41、();node_output(); / node databranch_output();/branch dataprintc('-', 78);printc('*', 78);fprintf(fp2, "n");void newval(double* aa)/*本函數將舊號換成新號*/int i, k1;for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)bi = 0.0;for (i = 1; i <= nb; i +)k1 = nnewnobi;bk1 = aai;for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)aai =

42、 bi;void yzb(int t, int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd)/*本函數求因子表*/ 參數 1 為標志 (t=0求 B',t=1求 B'')/ 參數 2 因子表上三角矩陣非零非對角元素的列足碼/ 參數 3 因子表上三角矩陣非零非對角元素的數值/ 參數 4 因子表上三角矩陣對角元素/ 參數 5 因子表上三角各行非零元素個數.專業 .整理 .下載可編輯int i, j, k, i1, i2;int jj, jj1, jj2, im, x, fdNS;double ai, bNS;nfd1 = 1;for (i =

43、1; i <= NS; i +)/hu 2013-1-9ui = 0.0;/hu 2013-1-9for (i = 1; i <= n; i +)/nobt存放的是節點類型, 0: pq節點 , -1: pv節點。if (t != 1) | (nobti != -1) && i != mpj) / <-|/|for (j = i + 1; j <= n; j +)/|bj = 0.0;/|bi = biii;/|if (kk2 = 0) && (t = 1) && (nobti != -1)/存在 (t = 1)的情況，不多余。bi = bi + af1 * qli / v0i / v0i;/af1i1 = ydzi;i2 = ydzi + 1 - 1;for (j = i1; j <