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1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講座代詞初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講座代詞【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】代詞是代替名詞的詞或者起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)和句子的詞。英語(yǔ)中代詞有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞。英語(yǔ)代詞使用得很廣泛。一、人稱代詞:1.人稱代詞的形式:英語(yǔ)中有以下這些人稱代詞:人  稱單       數(shù)復(fù)       數(shù)主  格賓  格主  格賓  格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithi

2、mherittheythem通    稱oneones說(shuō)明:. 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,主格在句中一般用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,賓格在句中用作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。. 人稱代詞單數(shù)he, she 和it的復(fù)數(shù)形式都是they,賓格形式也相同,為them。. 第三人稱的人稱代詞分陽(yáng)性he / him,陰性she / her 和中性it /it,復(fù)數(shù)只有一個(gè)they / them,不分性別。2.人稱代詞的根本用法:. 主格人稱代詞用作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),例如:If he writes to you, you must write back.  如果他給你寫信,你必須回復(fù)

3、。用作主語(yǔ)It wasnt she who broke the window.  打破窗子的不是她。用作表語(yǔ)在口語(yǔ)中,人稱代詞如果作表語(yǔ),通常用賓格形式。例如:Who is it? Its me (us).  是誰(shuí)呀?是我我們。. 賓格人稱代詞用作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如:Tell her to call me tomorrow, please.  請(qǐng)叫她明天給我打 。用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)I dont want to put them under the table.  我不想把它們放在桌底下。用作介詞賓語(yǔ)人稱代詞獨(dú)立使用時(shí)也用賓格形式,例如:Id like

4、 to go back in here.  Me too.  我想回到這里來(lái)。我也想。以下兩句中的人稱代詞用主格和賓格都可以,用主格被認(rèn)為較正式,用賓格為口語(yǔ)說(shuō)法。例如:My sister is two years older than I (am) / me.  我姐姐比我大兩歲。You are as tall as he (is) / him.  你跟他個(gè)子一樣高。在使用人稱代詞時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn):. she 可以用來(lái)代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等,例如:China will always do what she has promised to do. 中

5、國(guó)從來(lái)是說(shuō)話算話的。The Titanic was on her first voyage when she sank. 泰坦尼克巨輪是在首航途中漂浮的。 . 注意人稱代詞并列式的順序:?jiǎn)螖?shù)人稱代詞一般是2.3.1的順序;復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞順序一般是1.2.3。例如:You and I are good friends.  你和我是好朋友。出于禮貌Tom and I left home early this morning.  湯姆和我今天一大早就離開了家。出于禮貌You and he must be there at seven oclock.  你和他必須

6、7點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)那里。you較近,he較遠(yuǎn)You, he and I will be put in the same class.  你、我、他將被分在同一個(gè)班。注意::假設(shè)把責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱最領(lǐng)先,(即假設(shè)做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱放在最前面.)Who broke the window? _and _.誰(shuí)打破的窗戶?我和邁克。3.it的用法總結(jié):、用于指人以外的一切生物、無(wú)生命的東西和事情: 一般指說(shuō)話者心目中已經(jīng)了解或所指的生物、無(wú)生命的東西或事情、沒(méi)有性別的區(qū)分;可以是可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,在句子中既可作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ)。 指動(dòng)物和植物。如:Oh,that's Lucy&

7、#39;s hat噢,那是露茜的帽子。 It looks like a cat!它看上去像只貓! Where's tea grown?It's grown in the southeast of China什么地方種植茶?中國(guó)東南部種植茶。 指代一些無(wú)生命的東西。如: Is it your watch?這是你的手表嗎?Look at the rain!It's heavy,isn't it?看這雨!雨很大,對(duì)嗎? 代替上文提到過(guò)的整個(gè)事情。如:Well,you mustn't play on the roadIt's dangerous哦,你不能

8、在公路上玩。這太危險(xiǎn)了!It was hard work,but they really enjoyed it摘蘋果是艱苦活,可他們都樂(lè)意去干它。 、用于指代人: 指代說(shuō)話者心目中不太清楚的那個(gè)人,常在打 或敲門時(shí)用。如:Who was it?是誰(shuí)打來(lái)的 ?Was it Susan?打 的是蘇珊?jiǎn)幔?Yes,it was是的,我是。根據(jù)上下句,“it was也可不譯出來(lái)。Who is knocking at the door?誰(shuí)在敲門?It's me是我。 指說(shuō)話者心目中的那個(gè)人。如:Is it your sister,Kate?那舊照片上的 baby是你姐姐凱特吧? No!不是。 I

9、s it your brother?是你哥哥吧?No!不是。I knowit's you!我知道了,那是你。 指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥?jì)較性別時(shí),也可用it來(lái)指人。如:The child smiled when it saw its mother這小孩一見到母親就笑了。I don't know who it is我不知道他是誰(shuí)。 注意:看到這樣的句子或聽到這樣的話時(shí),要想一想,不要一看到it就把它譯成“它。 在答復(fù)用指示代詞表示人的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí),常用it指人。如:Who's that?那人是誰(shuí)?Is it Kate?是凱特嗎?Yes,I think you're

10、 rightIt's Kate是的,我想你說(shuō)對(duì)了,是凱特。 、用于指時(shí)間、距離和自然現(xiàn)象等: 表示時(shí)間。如:What time is it?幾點(diǎn)鐘? It's ten十點(diǎn)鐘。It's summer in Australia now現(xiàn)在澳大利亞是夏天。 特別注意it用于表示時(shí)間時(shí)還常見于以下兩個(gè)句型中: A: It's timefor sbto do sthIt's time for sth譯為“是某人該干的時(shí)間了、“到的時(shí)候了。如:It's time for supperto have supper是吃晚飯的時(shí)候了。I think it'

11、s time for us to start the lesson now我想現(xiàn)在是我們開始上課的時(shí)候了。 B: It is has been 時(shí)間段since 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。譯為“自從以來(lái)已過(guò)了時(shí)間。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以與另一種句型進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。如:It has been two weeks since we met last Two weeks has passed since we met last自從我們上次相遇以來(lái),兩個(gè)星期過(guò)去了。It's three years since he came hereIt has been three years since he came hereH

12、e has been here for three years他到這里已經(jīng)三年了。 表示距離。如:It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school從我家到學(xué)校步行得花半小時(shí)時(shí)間。 Where's the farm,Li Lei?Is it far?李雷,農(nóng)場(chǎng)在哪里?遠(yuǎn)嗎?No,it's quite near不,距離這很近。 表示自然現(xiàn)象。如:Sometimes it snows and the land is all white有時(shí)下雪,大地一片白。It is very quiet here at the m

13、oment眼下這兒很安靜。 、用作形式主語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中常常見到某個(gè)句子以it開頭,it與其后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句等相照應(yīng),以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。這是一種習(xí)慣表達(dá)法,這樣的句式可防止句子顯得頭重腳輕。 Itiswas形容詞forof sb動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。對(duì)于這個(gè)句型中究竟用 for還是用of,一般遵循這樣的規(guī)那么:如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞,如:difficult, easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等那么用of。例如: It is interes

14、ting to play with snow in winter冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It's important for us to keep the water clean保持水質(zhì)清潔對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so你這樣說(shuō)真是太好了。 注意:這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞;連系動(dòng)詞be也可換用其它連系動(dòng)詞,如feel等。如:It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。It must be great fun to fly to t

15、he moon in a spaceship乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister有個(gè)孿生姐妹感覺(jué)很奇怪。 Itiswas形容詞從句。如:It is certain that he will come他一定會(huì)來(lái)。It's true that he may fall behind the other students他真的可能落后于其他同學(xué)。It is strange that he should say so他居然這么說(shuō),真是奇怪。 It is was one's turnduty,pleasure to do

16、 sth意為“該輪到某人做某事做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事。如:It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow明天輪到你值日了。 It takessbsome time to do sth意為“某人花時(shí)間做某事。如: It took me a week to finish reading the book我花了一周時(shí)間看完這本書。 It is said (reported, learned.) that . 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)悉如: It is said that he has come to Beijing.It seems seemed 從句。譯為“看起來(lái)好

17、似,此結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem 動(dòng)詞不定式形式。如:It seems that he is illHe seems to be ill看起來(lái)他好似病了。 . It is the first (second .) time that . “是第一二次。that從句一般用完成時(shí)如:It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.、用作形式賓語(yǔ):當(dāng)句子的真正賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí),為防止句子頭重腳輕,須將其放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后,改用先行詞it占據(jù)其原來(lái)的位置。it用作形式賓語(yǔ)的句

18、型為:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)it賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞從句。該句型中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由形容詞、名詞等充當(dāng)。如:He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed我們認(rèn)為躺在床上看書無(wú)益處。I think it necessary that we have the meeting我認(rèn)為開這個(gè)會(huì)是必要的。、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:“It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部 + that .使用該句型有以下幾點(diǎn)請(qǐng)注意: 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語(yǔ)is或was永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù). It was yesterday

19、 that I met your father in the street不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部是哪種狀語(yǔ),只能用that連接,不得使用where、when等連詞. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部為人時(shí),可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that,用that也行。It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterdayIt was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday強(qiáng)調(diào)句

20、中 也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移的問(wèn)題。It is they who are our friendsIt was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night注意不要混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。It is wasthat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句標(biāo)志,去掉后仍可組成一個(gè)完整的句子,只是沒(méi)被強(qiáng)調(diào), 而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比擬:1) It was ten o'clock when we got home last night我們昨晚到家時(shí)已十點(diǎn)了。2) It was at ten o'clock that we got home

21、 last night我們昨晚是在十點(diǎn)到家的。注意:第一句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,when不可改為that,因?yàn)槿サ鬷t was和that后,只能組成“We got home ten o'clock last night這樣一個(gè)不完整的句子;第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,that不可改為when二、物主代詞:物主代詞實(shí)際上是人稱代詞的所有格形式。根據(jù)其句法作用,物主代詞可以分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。形容詞性物主代詞一定要后接名詞。如:This is my book. 這是我的書。名詞性物主代詞可以獨(dú)立使用,無(wú)需后接名詞。如:This book is mine. 這本書是我的。物主代詞的形式請(qǐng)見下表:人 

22、; 稱單      數(shù)復(fù)      數(shù)形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱mymineourours第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通    稱one's1. 形容詞性物主代詞的根本用法:形容詞性的物主代詞作定語(yǔ)放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用。例如:My name is John Green.  我叫約翰·格林。Excuse me, is this your

23、 car?  對(duì)不起,這是您的車嗎?His parents are in England.  他的父母在英國(guó)。They wash their faces every day.  他們每天都洗臉。本句中的their無(wú)須譯出2. 名詞性物主代詞的根本用法:.名詞性物主代詞在句中獨(dú)立使用,即不后接名詞,名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。其句法作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。例如:Ours is a great country.  我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。用作主語(yǔ),一般用于正式文體I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use y

24、ours?  我忘了帶詞典,我可以用一下你的嗎?用作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)He wasnt in my room. He might be in his.  他剛剛不在我的房間。他可能在自己的房間。用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Whose book is this?  Its hers.  這是誰(shuí)的書?是她的。用作表語(yǔ)Jack is a friend of mine.  杰克是我的一個(gè)朋友。用于雙重所有格.名詞性物主代詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)隨所指者的數(shù)而定。例如:Is this pencil yours or hers? Its mine. Hers is

25、 in her bag.  (Hers = Her pencil)  這支鉛筆是你的還是她的?是我的。她的鉛筆在她包里。注意:1名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞 例如:This isnt _ bag , _ is here.這不是我的包,我的在這。2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時(shí),后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.My own house = a house of my own三、反身代詞:反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,不定人稱代詞one也有反身代詞的形式。人  稱單   數(shù)復(fù)   數(shù)第一人稱myselfourse

26、lves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves通    稱oneself說(shuō)明:反身代詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,單數(shù)用詞尾-self表示,復(fù)數(shù)用詞尾-selves表示。1.常見反身代詞短語(yǔ):look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself/have a good time玩得快樂(lè),過(guò)得愉快help oneself to sth請(qǐng)自用隨便吃/喝些

27、hurt oneself摔傷自己say to oneself自言自語(yǔ) lose oneself in 沉浸于,陶醉于之中l(wèi)eave sb. by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下Make yourself at home 請(qǐng)隨便不要拘束 (all) by oneself單獨(dú)地2.使用反身代詞時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn):.反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),例如:錯(cuò)Myself drove the car. 對(duì)I myself drove the car.我自己開車。但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)中,第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞,特別是用myself 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如:Charles and myself saw

28、it. 查爾斯和我自己看到了那東西。.反身代詞沒(méi)有所有格形式,可以用“物主代詞 + own來(lái)表示其所有格的含義。例如:Id like to have my own car.我想有一部自己的車。Please retell the story, using your own words.請(qǐng)用你自己的話來(lái)復(fù)述這篇故事。四、不定代詞:不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常用不定代詞有:some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each,every,other,another,much,many,few,little,one等。下面列舉局部不定代詞的用法比擬

29、:1.some, any: some通常用于肯定句。例如: 用作形容詞:There are some people in the room.  房間里有一些人。I want some bread and some eggs.  我想要一些面包和幾只雞蛋。 用作代詞:Some of our friends cant come.  我們有幾個(gè)朋友不能來(lái)。Some are healthy and some arent.  有些人健康,而有些人那么不然。 any通常用于否認(rèn)句、一般疑問(wèn)句和條件句。例如: 用作形容詞:There isnt any water le

30、ft.  一點(diǎn)水都沒(méi)剩下。Do you know any French?  你懂法語(yǔ)嗎?If you need any help, just let me know.  如果你需要幫助,就盡管說(shuō)。 用作代詞:I cant give you any.  我什么也不能給你。Did you see any of the teachers?  你有沒(méi)有見到幾位老師?If there is any left, please give me some.  假設(shè)還有剩的,就請(qǐng)給我?guī)讉€(gè)。 如果一般疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求,或是期待對(duì)方的肯定答復(fù),就要

31、用some。例如:Would you like some milk in your tea?  你要不要在茶里加點(diǎn)牛奶?Isnt these some meat in the fridge?  冰箱里難道沒(méi)有肉嗎?2. all, both; any, either: all表示“三者或更多者都,both表示“兩者都。例如: All these problems must be solved.  所有這些問(wèn)題都必須解決。Both her parents are doctors.  她的父母都是醫(yī)生。both and 用作連詞,意思是“既又;不但而且,相當(dāng)于

32、not only but also。例如:Both you and I were wrong.  你和我都錯(cuò)了。He can speak both English and French.  他既會(huì)講英語(yǔ),又會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。both and的反義詞是neither nor。請(qǐng)比擬:Both he and his brother are at home.  他和他弟弟都在家。Neither he nor his brother is at home.  他和弟弟都不在家。 any表示“三者或更多者中任何一個(gè),無(wú)論哪一個(gè),either表示“兩者中任何一個(gè),隨便哪一個(gè)

33、。它們都用于肯定句中,通常與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。例如:You can borrow any book on the shelf.  書架上的任何一本書你都可以借Choose either book, not both.  兩本書中你任選一本,而不可兩本都選。3. neither, none, no one: neither表示“兩者都不的;兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)。例如:Neither of the twins likes dark green.  這對(duì)孿生兒誰(shuí)也不喜歡深綠色。 none和no one都表示“三者或更多者中誰(shuí)也不;一個(gè)也不,但用法上稍有不同。no one與no

34、body同義,只用來(lái)指人,其后一般不跟of短語(yǔ)。例如:Everyone is here; no one is away.  大家都在這里,一個(gè)人也不少。I found no one in the room.  我發(fā)現(xiàn)房間里空無(wú)一人。none既可指人又可指物,通常后接of短語(yǔ)。None用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如:None of us want(s) to go, but we have to.  我們誰(shuí)也不想去,但又不得不去。I have read none of his books. 他的書我一本也沒(méi)讀過(guò)。4. another, other(

35、s), the other(s) another既可作形容詞,也可作代詞,只能用于三個(gè)或更多的人或物,泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個(gè),只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如:I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜歡這一個(gè),請(qǐng)給我看看另一個(gè)。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三個(gè)女兒。一個(gè)是護(hù)士,另一個(gè)是教師,還有一個(gè)是工人。 other為泛指,用作形容詞時(shí)意思是“其他的;別的。例如: Hav

36、e you got any other questions?  你們還有什么問(wèn)題嗎?I have many other things to do.  我有許多別的事要做。other用作代詞時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式others,意思是“其他人,別人;其他物。例如:You should be kind to others.  你對(duì)他人要親切。Some people like milk; others do not.  有的人喜歡牛奶,有的人不喜歡。 the other為特指,指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)。后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞the others意思是“其他東西,其余的人。特指某一范

37、圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物。例如:Now open the other eye.  現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)睜開另一只眼睛。I found one shoe but I cant see the other one.  我找到了一只鞋,但另一只鞋沒(méi)看到。Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.兩個(gè)男孩將去動(dòng)物園,其余的留在家里。5. each, every: each可指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中間的每一個(gè),而every只可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中間的每一個(gè),不能指兩個(gè)中每一個(gè)。例如:Each student studies in

38、 his or her own way.  每一個(gè)學(xué)生都以自己的方式學(xué)習(xí)。There is a fruit shop on each/either side of the street.  (= on both sides of the street.)  街的兩邊各有一家水果店。We want every child to be happy.  (every child = all the children)  我們希望所有的孩子都幸福。 each可作代詞和形容詞,而every只能用作形容詞,如可以說(shuō)each of these diction

39、aries或each one of these dictionaries, 但不能說(shuō)every of these dictionaries, 該用every one of these dictionaries。注意:Each of us has a map/ We each have a map我們每人都有一張地圖。6. (a) few, (a) little:這四個(gè)詞的含義見下表:否認(rèn)意義肯定意義用于可數(shù)名詞few 沒(méi)幾個(gè);幾乎沒(méi)有a few 有幾個(gè);有一些用于不可數(shù)名詞little 沒(méi)多少;幾乎沒(méi)有a little 有一點(diǎn);有一些 few, a few用法舉例: 用作形容詞:He has

40、very few friends here. 他在這里幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。He asked us a few questions.他問(wèn)了我們幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。 用作代詞:Few of the children noticed the time passing.  孩子當(dāng)中很少有人注意到時(shí)間在流逝。There are only a few left in the bag.  口袋里只剩下幾個(gè)了。 quite/not a few用于口語(yǔ),意思是“相當(dāng)多的。例如:Quite a few (people) went to the game.不少人都去看比賽了。 little, a little用

41、法舉例: 用作形容詞:We had little rain all summer this year.  今年夏天雨水很少。I need a little more time to finish this. 要做完這件事我還需要一些時(shí)間。 用作代詞:He knows a little about China.  他對(duì)中國(guó)略有了解。 a little / a bit還可以用作副詞,意思是“稍微,稍稍,常與比擬級(jí)連用。例如:The coat is a little too short for me.  這件外衣我穿有一點(diǎn)短了。Cant you walk a littl

42、e faster?  你不能走快一點(diǎn)嗎?a little,a bit區(qū)別: 兩者都可放在形容詞之前用作程度狀語(yǔ),表示“有點(diǎn)。例如:He is a bit /a little tired. 他有點(diǎn)兒累了。These boxes are a bit /a little heavy. 這些箱子重了點(diǎn)。 a little可直接用于不可數(shù)名詞前作定語(yǔ),但 a bit 卻不能,它用于不可數(shù)名詞之前時(shí)應(yīng)先接介詞 of。如:He may need a bit of / a little help. 他也許需要點(diǎn)幫助。He knows a bit of / a little French. 他懂一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)

43、法語(yǔ)。 not a little, not a bit:not a bit= not at all意思是“一點(diǎn)兒也不例如:Do you mind if i smoke here? Not a bit. Do, please. not a little= very(much)意思是"非常"、"很"、"許多"。例如:I am so sorry to give you not a little trouble. 真抱歉給你添了這么多麻煩。Its not a little hot today.今天非常熱。7. it, one, ones, t

44、hat, those的區(qū)別用法:.替代泛指的單數(shù)名詞,通常用one。替代泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通常用ones。如:I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的舊相機(jī)丟了,這是一架新的。Did you get a ticket? Yes,I managed to get one.你搞到票了嗎?是的,我設(shè)法搞到了一張。Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青蘋果往往比紅蘋果好吃。.替代特指的單數(shù)名詞,可用 it, that, the one。替代特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通常用the ones。如:Dont buy

45、the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.別買那價(jià)錢貴的蘋果,買那廉價(jià)的。.it,that,the one區(qū)別: one只能代替可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式ones;而that 代替不可數(shù)名詞也可代替可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式those。例如:There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the rotten ones. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in shanghai. Our rules are quite from those of o

46、ther organizations it與 that 的區(qū)別是:表示同一事物時(shí),用it;表示同類事物時(shí),用 that 或 the one。例如:The weather here is too cold. I dont like it.這兒的天氣太冷了,我不喜歡這兒的天氣。it 在此指前面提到的 the weatherThe weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州冷。that 在此指代的天氣與前面提到的天氣為同類 替代事物時(shí),三者均可用;替代人時(shí),只能用 the one。如:Who is her husband?

47、The one by the window.哪位是她的丈夫?窗戶邊的那一位。注意:當(dāng)要替代性別不明的嬰兒時(shí)可用 it。 one的定語(yǔ)除了前置的形容詞、指示代詞this ,that 外,還有后置的形容詞、從句或短語(yǔ);而that不能有前置修飾語(yǔ),一般是后置的短語(yǔ)、分詞或定語(yǔ)從句。例如:This bag is too small. Please give me a bigger one. This school is the one that we visited last week. The air in the countryside is fresher than that in cities

48、. The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中國(guó)人口比日本人口多得多。8. none,no one,nothing,nobody的區(qū)別用法: no one =nobody: 不與of連用; 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 只能指人,但不具體指什么人;一般用來(lái)答復(fù)who,及含 anyone, anybody引起的疑問(wèn)句。如:No one like a person with bad manners. Is there anyone in the room? No one.Who is in the room? No one. non

49、e: 可與of連用; 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單或復(fù)數(shù);指人或物; 一般用來(lái)答復(fù)how many +n, how much +n及含any + n引起的疑問(wèn)句。例如:None of us have/has seen him. How many students are there in the room? None. Is there any water in the thermos? None. How much money do you have on you? None. nothing: 指物; 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 一般用來(lái)答復(fù)含anything的一般問(wèn)句及what引起的特殊問(wèn)句。例如:What is i

50、n the box? Nothing. Is there anything in the sky? Nothing. Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing. 五、指示代詞:指示代詞有this,that,these,those四個(gè),其區(qū)別是: 1.近指代詞和遠(yuǎn)指代詞 this包括其復(fù)數(shù)形式 these,是近指代詞。指時(shí)間或空間上 較近的人及事物。that包括其復(fù)數(shù)形式 those,是遠(yuǎn)指代詞。指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人及事物。例如:This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 這位是史密斯先生,那位是布萊克先生

51、。These are pears and those are apples. 這些是梨,那些是蘋果。 2. that those 常用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以防止重復(fù). that代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing. 上海的天氣沒(méi)像北京那么冷。The radios made in Tianjin are as good as those made in Shanghai. 天津產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)和上海產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)一樣好。 The weather in Guangd

52、ong is hotter than _ in Qinghai. 答案:BThe books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. 答案:DA. this B. that C. one D. those 3. 把某人介紹給第三者時(shí),常使用“This is.這一句型,其中this不能換成he或she。例如:Jim, this is my teacher, Mr. Black.吉姆,這是我的老師,布萊克先生。4. 打 ,向?qū)Ψ浇榻B自己時(shí)要用“This is.。詢問(wèn)或確認(rèn)對(duì)方是哪一位時(shí),可以說(shuō)“Who's that? 你是誰(shuí)?或 “Is t

53、hat.?是嗎?。例如:This is Kate. Who's that? 我是凱特,你是誰(shuí)?This is Jim. 我是吉姆。總之,打 時(shí)習(xí)慣用this指代自己,用 that 指代對(duì)方。5. this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一個(gè)局部,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子. He had a bad cold, That is why he didnt come.六、疑問(wèn)代詞:Whowhomwhosewhichwhat誰(shuí)主格 誰(shuí)賓格誰(shuí)的哪個(gè),哪些什么疑問(wèn)代詞用于構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句,它們?cè)诰渲谐洚?dāng)主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)當(dāng)疑問(wèn)代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以將介詞提前到句首。

54、1、Who和whatWho問(wèn)姓名或與答復(fù)人的關(guān)系,前面可以用物主代詞。What“是做什么的問(wèn)職業(yè),前面用a/ anWho is the girl? She is my sister.What is the girl? She is a singer.2、which 和whatWhich指“哪個(gè),哪些有選擇的范圍。what沒(méi)有范圍供選擇。What newspaper do you want? 你要什么報(bào)紙?Which do you like best of the three? 三個(gè)當(dāng)中你最喜歡哪一個(gè)?【考題分析】1 Miss Brown will teach _ English next te

55、rm.   A. us B. we C. our D. ours分析:  teach 是及物動(dòng)詞后面帶賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)該用代詞的賓格。答案:B 2_ are League members. A. He and me B. I and he C. He and I D. Me and he分析: 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看空格處應(yīng)填主語(yǔ)所以要填主格,按英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣在并列主語(yǔ)中,I總是放在最后。答案:C3We are in a hurry, so we cant look after _.    

56、  A. they B. their C. theirs D. them分析:look after 是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其中的after是介詞,需要接賓格形式。另外,我們也可以把look after看作是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,其后面也應(yīng)該接賓格形式。答案:D4“Look at that bike, he said to his brother. “Isnt it one of _? A. ours B. ours C. ours D. our分析:在“one of + ?結(jié)構(gòu)中要用名詞性物主代詞,根據(jù)前文,它相當(dāng)于“a bike of ours。答案:C5. Would yo

57、u please give _? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him分析:英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)人與間接賓語(yǔ)物都用人稱代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)物后講直接賓語(yǔ)人,而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)人前加上介詞“to。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選“D。6. She always thinks of _ more than _. A others, her B the others, she C others, herself D the others, herself分析:在英語(yǔ)中,“別人屬于“泛指,應(yīng)譯為“others。后半句是介詞“of的賓語(yǔ)。由于這里的“她與主語(yǔ)的“她是屬

58、于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ),要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)才對(duì)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選“C。7. Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A the others B the other C others D another 分析:在英語(yǔ)中,“一些,另一些有兩種譯法:“Some , the others 是屬于“非此即彼的兩局部情況,而“Some , others 是指有第三局部的情況存在。此題意為“一局部人喜歡看體育消息,而另一局部人比擬欣賞電視劇,顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以此題答案應(yīng)該選“C。8. The light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A everyone B someone C anyo

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