1、專業(yè)八級分類模擬391（總分：60.00，做題時間：90分鐘）一、LANGUAGE USAGE、題數(shù)：3,分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00）Now what began in Japan is happening globally. As David Brookswrote in his New York Times column yesterday, fertility is on decline in 1 much of the world, from Iran 1.7 births per woman to Russia, which 2 low fertility combines with high

2、 death rates means the population is 3 already shrinking. To Brooks, the world is facing with what the writer 4 Phillip Longman has called the gray tsunami a moment the populationover 60 swamps those under 30. And that includes the US, which has long had high birthrates than most developed nations:

3、5But even that is looking fragile. The 2010 census suggested that US population growth be decelerating faster than many expected. 6 However, it"s probably wrong to see this as a demographic 7 competition. American living standards will be hurt by an aging and less dynamic world, even if the US

4、does attract young workers.For decade, people took dynamism and economic growth for granted 8 and saw population growth as a problem. Now we"ve gone to the other extreme, and it"s clear that young people are the scarce resource. In the 21st century, the US could be the slowly aging leader

5、of a rapid aging world. 9_To Brooks this is a slow-motion disaster. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a large source of 10_young workers to draw on.But here"s the thing: a Centrum Silver world may have a silver liningfor the planet.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00 ）解

6、析：人decline the 考點(diǎn)本題考查冠詞的用法。解析on the decline 是固定搭配，表示“下跌，下降"，不能省略定冠詞the。解析：which where或者人which in 考點(diǎn)本題考查定語從句的用法。解析此定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，即“在那些低出生率高死亡率的國家中”，因此要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，或者在關(guān)系代詞which前加介詞in。解析：combines combined 考點(diǎn)本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。解析low fertility是定語從句中的主語，means是謂語動詞，combined with high death rates 是主語的后置定語，fer

7、tility 做為combine的受動者，需要用-ed分詞表示被動含義。解析：with / 考點(diǎn)本題考查及物動詞的用法。解析face 是及物動詞，可以直接和名詞搭配使用，表示“面對”，無需用介詞with。解析：high higher 考點(diǎn)本題考查形容詞比較級的用法。解析本句的意思是“美國的岀生率高于其他多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家”，有表示“比較”的含義，需要形容詞的比較級higher和than搭配使用。解析：beis 考點(diǎn)本題考查虛擬語氣的誤用。解析動詞suggest的賓語從句中是否用虛擬語氣取決于它的含義，如果表示“建議”就必須用虛擬語氣，如果表示“表明，表示”就用陳述語氣。 句中提到“在2010年的人口

8、普查表明美國的人口增長率遠(yuǎn)低于多 數(shù)人的期望值”，因此用陳述語氣更恰當(dāng)。解析：HoweverBesides, Moreover 考點(diǎn)本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。解析上文提到的“美國目前人口增長速度減緩”和下文所指的“不應(yīng)該看作是美國和其他發(fā)達(dá)國家間 人口增長的競賽”，因為兩者對今后世界的發(fā)展都有弊端，前后是順接關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用 besides 或 moreover 更恰當(dāng)。解析：decadedecades 考點(diǎn)本題考查可數(shù)名詞的用法。解析decade是可數(shù)名詞，表示"十年”，for decades表示“幾十年，很多年"，應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形 式。解析：rapid rapid

9、ly 考點(diǎn)本題考查詞性辨析。解析rapid是形容詞，用來修飾名詞；rapidly 是副詞，可以用來修飾動詞或動名詞。此句中應(yīng)該用副詞rapidly 修飾動名詞 aging。解析：source resource 考點(diǎn)本題考查名詞辨析。解析source表示"來源”；resource表示"（人力）資源"。本句提到"吸引大量的年輕人成為人力資 源的儲備”，因此用后者更適合。Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in education. There are different expect

10、ations about "normal" school behavior for students from individualist and collectivist cultures.Take a moment to think about what teachers who lack knowledge 11about culture might interpret the behavior of a child from acollectivist culture. These differences may cause educators 12 inaccur

11、ately judge students from some cultures as poorly behaved or disrespectful. In addition, because cultural differences are hard to perceive, students may find them reprimanded by teachers but fail to 13 understand what they did that caused concern.The influence of culture in beliefs about education,

12、the value of 14 education, and participation styles cannot be overestimated. Many Asian students, for example, tend to be quiet in class, and using 15_eye contact with teachers is considered inappropriate for many of these children. In contrast, most European American children are taught to value ac

13、tive classroom discussion and to look teachers directly in the eyes to show respect, while their teachers view 16_students" participation as a signal of engagement and competence. 17_Another contrast involves the role of Hispanic parents in education. Parents from some Hispanic cultures tend to

14、 regard teachers as experts and will often refer educational decision making 18_to them. In contrast, European American parents are often more actively involved in their children"s classrooms, are visible in the classrooms, or volunteer and assist teachers. These cultural differences in value a

15、nd belief may cause educators to make accurate judgments regarding the value that non-European American 19 families place on education. While it is important to keep in the 20_mind that different cultural groups tend to follow particular language and interaction styles, there is tremendous variabili

16、ty within cultural groups.（分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00）解析：what how解析從句引導(dǎo)詞誤用。該句意思是“花一些時間去想一想那些文化知識缺乏的老師是 如何理解集體主義環(huán)境中孩子的行為的。”賓語從句中不缺少賓語，而缺少狀語，故將引導(dǎo)詞what改為how。解析：educators A to解析動詞不定式符號to的缺失。該句意思是“這些差異可能會導(dǎo)致教育者們將 一些孩子的行為誤解為表現(xiàn)不好或是不尊重他人。”cause sb. to do sth.為常用表達(dá)，動詞cause后接動詞不定式時，不能省略動詞不定式符號to，因此加上to。解析：themthemselves解析代詞誤用。該

17、句意思是“學(xué)生們也許會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被老師譴責(zé)卻不明白到底 是他們做了什么而導(dǎo)致的。"根據(jù)句意可知，這里代詞應(yīng)該用反身代詞，故將them改為themselves 。解析：in on解析介詞誤用。該句意思是“文化對教育理念的影響。”表示“對的影響”，通 常用influence 與on搭配使用，故將介詞in改為on。解析：using making解析固定搭配錯誤。該句意思是“并且對很多孩子而言，與老師進(jìn)行眼神交 流是不合適的舉動”。make eye contact with sb. 是固定搭配，故將 using 改為 making。解析：eyes eye解析名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤。該句意思是“直視老師

18、的眼睛以示尊重”。in the eye只是強(qiáng)調(diào)眼睛這一部位，不需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且look sb. in the eye為固定表達(dá)，意為“直視某人，正視某人"，故將eyes改為eye。解析：signal sign解析詞義混淆。該句意思是“而他們的老師們會將學(xué)生的參與視為一種感興趣 和能力的體現(xiàn)。” signal的意思是“信號”，而 sign的意思是“跡象”。根據(jù)語義，后者更為合適，故 將 signal 改為 sign 。解析：refer defer解析詞義混淆。該句意思是“甚至?xí)诮逃龥Q定方面聽從于他們。” defer.to. 為固定搭配，意思是“聽從于，服從于”，符合句意，而，ref

19、er.to.意為“提交，歸于”，不符合句意，故將refer改為defer。解析：accurate inaccurate解析語義錯誤。該句意思是“這種在價值觀和理念上的文化差異會使教育 者們做出不準(zhǔn)確的判斷。"根據(jù)語義，應(yīng)將accurate改為inaccurate 。解析：the 解析冠詞冗余。該句意思是“記住這一點(diǎn)很重要一一不同的文化群體會遵從特定的語言 和交流的方式。” keep in mind 為固定搭配，不需要加定冠詞 the，故將the去掉。People in every workplace talk about organizational culture,the myst

20、erious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers interview a perspective employee, is to explore whether the candidate is a good 21 cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally know when you will have found an employee who

21、 appears to fit your 22 culture. He just feels right.Culture is environment that surrounds you at work all of the 23time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your workenjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But, culture is something which you cannot actually see, except th

22、rough 24_their physical manifestations in your work place. 25_In any ways, culture is like personality. In a person, the 26_personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that create a person"s behavior.Culture is made up of

23、 the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, but behaviors shared by a group of people. 27_Culture is the behavior that results when a group arrives in a set of28generally unspoken and unwritten rules for working together.An organization"s culture is made up of all of the life exper

24、ience each employee brings to the organization. Culture is 29_especially influenced by the organization"s founder, executives, and another managerial staff because of their role of decision-making and 30_strategic direction.（分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00 ）解析：perspective prospective解析形近詞誤用。perspective的意思是“透視的"，而該處要表達(dá)的意思是“當(dāng)雇主面試未來的雇員時”，故應(yīng)該用prospective “未來的，潛在的”。解析：will 解析情態(tài)動詞冗余。該處為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句為you generally know ，用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句謂語動詞find應(yīng)發(fā)生在know之前，所以用完成時即可，故將will去掉。解析：A environment the解析冠詞缺失。該句句意為“文化是在你工作時一直伴隨你左右的一種環(huán)境。 此處環(huán)境是特指工作環(huán)境，故在其前面加入定冠詞th