1、隨著我國的國際化進程，越來越多的醫院要求英語晨會交班，下面是一些常用英文詞匯。中樞神經系Central nervous system脊髓Spinal cord頸段Cervical segment頸膨大Cervical enlargement胸段Thoracic segment腰(骶)段Lumbar segment腰膨大Lumbar enlargement脊髓圓錐Medullary cone終絲Terminal thread終室Terminal ventricle前正中裂Anterior median fissure后正中溝Posterior median sulcus后外側溝Posterola

2、teral sulcus后中間溝Posterior intermediatesulcus脊髓索Funiculi of spinal cord前索Anterior funiculus側索Lateral funiculus后索Posterior funiculus脊髓斷面Sections of spinal cord中央管Central canal灰質Gray matter灰質柱Gray column前柱Anterior column側柱Lateral column后柱Posterior column前角Anterior horn側角Lateral horn后角Posterior horn后尖角T

3、ip of posterior horn中間灰質中央部Centre of intermediate graymatter中間灰質外側部Lateral portion ofintermediate gray matter膠狀質Gelatinous substance背核Dorsal nucleus網狀結構Raticular formation白質White matter白質前連合PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建2Anterior white commissure前索Anterior funiculus錐體前束Anterior pyramidal

4、(corticospinal) tract前庭脊髓束Vestibulospinal tract脊髓丘腦前束Ventral spinothalamic tract固有束Proper bundle側索Lateral funiculus錐體側束Lateral pyramidal(corticospinal) tract脊髓小腦前束Ventral spinocerebellartract脊髓小腦后束Dorsal spinocerebellartract脊髓頂蓋束Spinotectal tract頂蓋脊髓束Tectospinal tract脊髓丘腦側束Lateral spinothalamic trac

5、t網狀脊髓束Reticulospinal tract紅核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract后外側束Dorsolateral fasciculus后索Dorsal funiculus薄束Slender fasciculus楔束Wedge-shaped fasciculus后腦Metencephalon髓腦Myelencephalon延髓Medulla oblongata后正中溝Posterior median sulcus前正中裂Anterior median fissure錐體Pyramid錐體交叉Decussation of pyramid前外側溝Anterolateral sulcu

6、s后外側溝Posterolateral sulcus橄欖體Olive繩狀體Restiform body側索Lateral funiculus楔結節Cuneate tubercle棒狀體Nuclei gracilis外弓狀纖維External arcuate fibers延髓的斷面Sections of medullaeoblongatae縫際RaphePDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建3萎腦被蓋Tegmentum rhombencephali舌下神經核Hypoglossal nucleus疑核Nucleus ambiguus迷走神經背核Dors

7、al nucleus of vagus閏核Intercalary nucleus孤束Tractus solitarius孤束核Solitary nucleus舌咽神經背核Dorsal nucleus ofglossopharyngeal n.三叉神經脊髓束Spinal tract of trigeminaln.三叉神經脊髓束核Nucleus of the spinal tractof trigeminal n.薄束核Nucleus gracilis楔束核Nucleus of cuneatus側索核Lateral nucleus外側楔核Latera cuneatus nucleus橄欖核Infe

8、rior olivary nucleus橄欖核門Hilus of olivary nucleus內側副橄欖核Medial accessory olivarynucleus背側副橄欖核Dorsal accessory olivarynucleus弓狀核Arcuate nucleus內弓狀纖維Internal arcuate fibers網狀結構Reticular formation內側縱束Medial longitudinalfasciculus背側縱束Dorsal longitudinalfasciculus丘系交叉Decussation of lemniscus內側丘系Medial lemn

9、iscus橄欖小腦束Olivocerebellar tract錐體束Pyramidal tract皮質腦神經核束Corticonuclear tract皮質脊髓束Corticospinal tract第4腦室Fourth ventricle菱形窩Rhomboid fossa正中溝Median sulcus外側隱窩Lateral recess界溝Limiting groove下窩PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建4Inferior pit上窩Superior pit舌下三角Trigone of hypoglossal n.髓紋Medulary s

10、tria內側隆起Median eminence面神經丘Facial colliculus迷走神經三角（灰翼）Trigone of vagus n.前庭區Vestibular area藍斑Locus coeruleus第4腦室頂Roof of fourth ventricle后髓帆Inferior medullary velum前髓帆Superior medullary velum前髓帆系帶Frenulum of superiormedullary velum第4腦室帶Taeniae of fourth ventricle閂Obex第4腦室脈絡組織Chorioid tela of fourthv

11、entricle正中孔Foramen of Magendie外側孔Foramen of Luschka后腦Metencephalon腦橋Pons基底溝Basilar sulcus小腦中腳Middle cerebellar peduncle腦橋背部Dorsal portion of pons外展神經核Nucleus of abducent n.三叉神經運動核Motor nucleus of trigeminaln.三叉神經感覺主核Sensory nucleus oftrigeminal n.三叉神經中腦核Mesencephalic nucleus oftrigeminal n.三叉神經脊髓束Sp

12、inal tract of trigeminaln.面神經核Facial nucleus面神經膝Genu of facial n.位聽神經核Nucleus ofvestibulocochlear n.耳蝸腹核、背核Ventral and dorsal cochlearnucleus前庭神經核Vestibular nucleus小腦Cerebellum小腦回PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建5Cerebellar gyri小腦裂Cerebellar fissure小腦谷Cerebellar crevice水平裂Horizontal fissure

13、首裂Primary fissure次裂Seconary fissure后外側裂Posterolateral fissure蚓部Vermis小腦舌Cerebellar lingula中央小葉Central lobule山頂Culmen山坡Declive蚓小葉Folium of vermis蚓結節Tuber of vermis蚓錐Pyramid of vermis蚓垂Uvula of vermis蚓小結Nodule小腦半球Cerebellar hemisphere中央葉翼Wing of central lobule方葉Quadrangular lobule簡單小葉Simple lobule上半月葉

14、Superior semilunar lobule下半月葉Inferior semilunar lobule髓母細胞瘤Medulloblastoma室管膜瘤Ependymoma少枝膠質瘤Oligodendroglioma腦膜瘤Meningioma難染性腺瘤Chromophobe adenoma嗜酸性腺瘤Eosinophil adenoma顱咽管瘤Craniopharyngioma神經瘤Neuroma聽神經瘤Acoustic tumours血管母細胞瘤Haemangioblastoma惡性的Malignant奇異現象Paradox松果體瘤Pineal tumour分流Short-Circuiti

15、ng procedures預后Prognosis先天性腫瘤PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建6Congenital tumour神經膠質增生Gliosis膿腫Abscess蛛網膜下腔出血Subarachnoid haemorrhage退行發育,間變Anaplasia活檢Biopsy形成因素Causatire factor頭皮瘢跡Scalp Scar不可達到的Inaccessible緩和Remission癌瘤Carcinomatosis畸胎瘤Teratoma上皮樣成分Epithelial elements膽脂瘤Cholesteatoma珍珠瘤Pe

16、arly tumours上皮樣囊腫Epidermoids cyst脊索瘤Cordoma姑息的方法Palliative procedures降低腦壓Reducing brain tension控制呼吸Controlled respiration高滲液Hypertonic solutions低溫Hypothermia低血壓Hypotension探查Exploration放療Radiotherapy放療敏感的腫瘤Radiosensitive tumours并發癥Complications細胞毒藥Cytotoxic drugs皮瓣Scalp flap骨瓣Bone flap發熱和感染Pyrexia an

17、d infection中樞性高熱Central hyperpyrexia傷口感染Wound infection腦膜炎Meningitis尿路感染Urinary infection腮腺炎Parotitis骨髓炎Osteomyelitis預防性抗抽搐藥ProphylacticanticonvulsantsPDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建7癲癇持續狀態Status epilepticus角膜炎Keratitis瞼縫術Tarsorraphy可疑腫瘤復發Suspected tumour recurrence顱內血腫Intracranial clot標準

18、Criteria意識惡化Deteriorating conscionslevel同側瞳孔擴大Dilated ipsilateral pupil脈搏減慢Falling pulse rate鼾息狀周期呼吸Stertorous periodicrespiration硬膜外血塊Extradural clot硬膜內血塊Intradural clot沾血的敷料Blood-soaked dressings縫線膿腫Stitch abscesses蜂窩織炎Cellulitis抗菌素Antibiotics腦脊液漏CSF leak鼻溢Rhinorrhoea血性液Bloodstained fluid鞘內Intrath

19、ecal肺栓塞Pulmonary embolism鉆孔Burr hole大倫丁(笨妥英鈉)Epanutin (dilantin)苯巴比妥Phenobarbitone眼瞼腫脹Swelling of the eyelids角膜干燥,擦傷Corneal drying and abrasion神經麻痹性角膜炎Neuroparalytic keratitis潰瘍Ulceration放射性壞死Radionecrosis垂體機能低下危象Hypopituitary crises退行性變化Anaplastic change囊內切除Intracapsular removal鉆孔活檢Burr hole biopsy

20、囊性星形C瘤Cystic astrocytoma矢狀竇旁Parasagittal凸面Convexity溴溝Olfactory groovePDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建8前囟Bregma垂體機能低下Hypopituitarism垂體卒中Pituitary apoplexy肢端肥大Acromegaly內分泌過盛Endocrine excess內分泌不足Endocrine failure額部入路Forntal approach經蝶手術Trans-sphenoidal operation鼻Nose開顱術Craniotomy下丘腦Hypothala

21、mus慢性不足Chronic deficiency替代療法Replacement therapy垂體切除Hypophysectomy強的松Cortisone甲狀腺素Thyroxine甲基睪丸素MethyltestosteroneTape 2 Side B陽萎Impotence性欲Libido性交困難Dyspareunia生殖器萎縮Genital atrophy乙烯雌酚Stilboestrol胃腸Gastro-intestinal脫水Dehydration多尿Polyuria損壞,討厭Nuisance癔病的Hysterical加壓素Vasopressin比重Specific gravity高滲O

22、smolarity死亡率和傷殘率Mortality and morbidity內聽道Internal auditory Meatus耳鳴Tinnitus黃變Xanthochromia全切Total removal癌性腦膜炎Carcinomatous meningitis血管瘤PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建9Angiomas成血管細胞性腦膜瘤Angioblastic Meningioma大腦半球Cerebral hemispheres小腦半球Cerebellar hemispheres視神經孔Optic foramen眶上裂Superior

23、orbital fissure眼球突出Proptosis突出Protrusion突眼計Exophthalmometer頸A-海綿竇漏Carotico-cavernous fistula眶內肉芽腫Orbital granuloma眼肌麻痹Ophthalmoplegia眼球運動Ocular movement眶-顱入路Orbito-cranial approach頭皮和顱骨損傷Scalp and skull injury原發傷Primary lesions彌漫性損傷Diffuse neuronal damage神經纖維撕傷Shearing lesions of nervefibers挫傷和裂傷Con

24、tusion and laceration繼發傷Secondary lesions腦腫脹Brain swelling嚴重損傷Overwhelming injury顱骨骨折Skull fracture壓縮骨折Depressed fracture生命功能Vital functions入院標準Criteria for admission tohospital插管Intubation氣切Tracheostomy氣腫Aerocele煩躁不安Restlessness瞳孔擴大Pupillary dilatation嬰兒的Infantile耳漏Otorrhoea缺水Water dephetion尿毒癥Urae

25、mia雜音Bruit頸總結扎Common carotid ligation顱骨成形術PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建10Cranioplasty顱內A痛Intracranial aneurysms病因Aetiology痛頸夾閉Clipping of nech包裹Wrpping遠端結扎Proximal ligation孤立Trapping射毛術Pilojection缺血性腦血管病Occlusive cerebro-Vasculardisease粥樣瘤Atheroma血栓Thrombosis抗凝劑Anticoagulants動脈硬化性梭形擴張Fu

26、siform arterioscleroticdilatation囊狀A瘤Saccular aneurysm霉菌A瘤Mycotic aneurysm結節性多A炎Polyarteritis nodosa內彈力層Internal elastic lamina縮窄Coarctation三叉Trifurcation緘默癥Mutism擴張Distension栓子Thrombi動脈痙攣Arterial spasm分叉Bifureation斜視External Strabismus誘因Precipitating cause深昏迷Deeply comatose保守治療Conservative treatmen

27、t清血腫Evacuation of Haematoma再通和重建Disobliteration andreconstructive病生Physiopathology耳炎Otitis竇炎Sinusitis血凝性Haematogenous腦實質Parenchymal(brain)化膿性腦膜炎Pyogenic Meningitis耳源膿腫Otogenic abscessPDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建11無菌性腦膜炎Aseptic meningitis硬膜下積液Subdural effusions囊性囊腫Hydatid cysts腫物Neoplas

28、m頸Cervical胸Thoracic腰Lumbar神經纖維瘤Neurofibroma麻痹Paralysis脊髓橫斷性傷Transverse spinal lesion植物神經的Autonomic錐體束Pyramidal tract痙攣性力弱Spastic weakness脊丘束Spinothalamic tract半切Hemisection放射痛Radicular pain束帶痛Girdle pain馬尾Cauda equina軟癱Flaccid paraplegia無張力膀胱Atonic bladder骶段Sacral segment脊髓造影Myelography椎管梗阻Spinal bl

29、ock碘苯酯Myodil脊髓移位Cord displaced蒂Pedicle葡萄球菌的Staphylococcal間盤脫出Prolapsed intervertebraldisc蛛網膜囊腫Arachnoid cyst脊髓空洞Syringomyelia骨骼畸形Skeletal deformity脊椎后側凸Kyphoscoliosis頸椎畸形Craniovertebral anomaly軟骨發育不全Achondroplasis脊椎前移Spondylolisthesis脊髓縱裂Diastematomyelia髓內腫瘤Intramedullary tumour關節強硬性脊椎炎PDF 文件使用 &quo

30、t;pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建12Ankylosing spondylitis康復Rehabilitation頸椎關節強硬Cervical spondylosis臂神經病Brachial neuropathy退化Degeneration突出Protrusion擴約肌Sphincter坐骨神經痛Sciatica臀Buttock骨簀Osteophytes頸椎融合Fusion of adjacent cervicalvertebrat寰椎Atlas寰枕的Atloido-occipital膜分流Thecal shunts少年和成人Juvenile and adult腦室腦池

31、切開術Ventriculo-cisternostomy陰性雙脊髓Spinal bifida occulta束性雙脊髓Spinal bifida cystica止痛Relief of pain外科處理Surgical intervention脊神經后根切開Posterior rhirotomy脊髓前側切開術Cordotomy前連合切開術Anterior Commisurotomy束切斷術Tractotomy丘腦切開術Thalamotomy腦白質切斷術Leucotomy神經痛Neuralgia灼痛Causalgia神經抽出術Nerve avulsions根切斷術Root section舌咽神經痛G

32、lossopharyngeal neuralgia不典型面痛Atypical facial pain立體定向外科Stereotaxic surgery套管插管Cannula適應癥和禁忌癥Indications andcontraindications肥胖,高脂Obesity咽下困難Dysphagia構音障礙PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建13Dysarthria畸形,變形Deformities動做遲緩Bradykinesia頑固性痛Intractable pain細胞生物學Microbiology免疫組化Immunology組織培養Tissu

33、e culture神經生理Neurophysiology單克隆抗體Monoclonal antibodies內科Internal medicine泌尿科Urology血液病Hematology婦產科Obstetrics-Gynecology (OBGYN)骨科Orthopedics胸外科Thoracic Surgery皮膚科Dermatology性病Sexually Transmitteddiseases愛滋病AIDS_下頜神經Mandibular n.外展神經Abducent n.面神經Facial n.面神經膝Geniculum of facial n.膝狀神經節Genicular gan

34、glion位聽神經Vestibulocochlear n.前庭神經Vestibular portion前庭神經節Vestibular ganglion舌咽神經Glossopharyngeal n.迷走神經Vagus n.副神經Accessory n.延髓根Cranial root脊髓根Spinal root舌下神經Hypoglossal n.頸神經Cervical n.枕小神經Lesser occipital n.耳大神經PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建14Great auricular n.臂叢Brachial plexus脊柱Verteb

35、ral column頸椎Cervical vertebrae隆椎Prominent vertebrae胸椎Thoracic vertebrae腰椎Lumbar vertebrae骶椎Sacral vertebrae尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae椎體Vertebral body上肋凹Superior costal facet下肋凹Inferior costal facet椎管Vertebral canal椎孔Vertebral foramen椎弓Vertebral arch椎弓根Pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓板Lamina of vertebral arch椎

36、骨上切跡Superior vertebral notch椎骨下切跡Inferior vertebral notch椎間孔Intervertebral foramen脊神經溝Groove for spinal nerve棘突Spinous process橫突Transverse process橫突肋凹Facet for tubercle of rib橫突前結節Anterior tubercle oftransverse process頸動脈結節Carotid tubercle橫突孔Transverse foramen上關節突Superior articular process下關節突Inferi

37、or articular process肋突Costal process副突Accessory process乳狀突Mamillary process環椎Atlas側塊Lateral masses上關節凹Superior articular fovea下關節凹Inferior articular fovea前弓Anterior arch齒凹Fovea for densPDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建15樞椎Axis齒突Dens骶骨Sacrum顱骨Skull枕骨Occipital bone枕骨大孔Foramen magnum枕鱗Occipita

38、l squama人字緣Lamboid border舌下神經管Hypoglossal canal頸靜脈結節Jugular tubercle頸靜脈切跡Jugular notch枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance枕外隆突尖Inion枕外嵴External occipital crest最上項線Highest nuchal line上項線Superior nuchal line下項線Inferior nuchal line十字隆起Cruciform eminence枕內隆突Internal occipitalprotuberance枕內嵴Internal occipi

39、tal crest上矢狀溝Groove for superiorsagittal sinus橫溝Groove for transverse sinus乙狀溝Groove for sigmoid sinus蝶骨Sphenoid bone蝶鞍Sella turcica鞍結節Tubercle of sellae中床突Middle clinoid process垂體窩Hypophyseal fossa鞍背Dorsum sellae后床突Posterior clinoid process頸動脈溝Carotid sulcus蝶嵴Sphenoidal crest蝶竇Sphenoidal sinus小翼Les

40、ser wings視神經管Optic canal前床突Anterior clinoid process眶上裂PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建16Superior orbital fissure大翼Greater wings圓孔Foramen rotundum卵圓孔Foramen ovale棘孔Foramen spinosum蝶骨棘Spine of sphenoid bone咽鼓管溝Sulcus of auditory tube顳骨Temporal bone巖部Petrous portion乳突Mastoid process乳突切跡Mastoi

41、d notch乙狀溝Groove for sigmoid sinus面神經管Facial canal面神經管膝Geniculum of facial canal巖尖Petrous apex頸動脈管Carotid canal巖上溝Groove for superiorpetrosal sinus內耳門Internal acoustic port內耳道Internal acoustic meatus前庭導水管Aqueduct of vestibule巖下溝Groove for inferiorpetrosal sinus頸靜脈切跡Jugular notch頸靜脈窩Jugular fossa外耳道E

42、xternal acoustic meatus外耳門External acoustic foramen頂骨Parietal bone頂結節Parietal tuber上顳線Superior temporal line下顳線Inferior temporal line上矢狀溝Groove for superiorsagittal sinus乙狀溝Groove for sigmoid sinus額骨Frontal bone額結節Frontal tuber眉弓Superciliary arches眉間Glabella眶上緣Supraorbital margins眶上孔或眶上切跡Supra-orbit

43、al foramen orPDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建17notch眶部Pars orbitalis顴突Zygomatic process篩骨Ethmoid bone雞冠Crista galli顱底內面Internal surface of base ofskull顱前窩Anterior cranial fossa顱中窩Middle cranial fossa顱后窩Posterior cranial fossa斜坡Clivus指壓跡Digital impressions靜脈溝Groove for v.動脈溝Groove for a.顆粒小

44、凹Granular foveolae顳窩Temporal fossa顴弓Zygomatic arch顳下窩Infratemporal fossa翼腭窩Pterygopalatine fossa頸靜脈孔Jugular foramen蝶巖裂Spheno-petrosal fissure巖枕裂Petro-occipital fissure破裂孔Foramen lacerum冠狀縫Coronary suture矢狀縫Sagittal suture人字縫Lambdoid suture枕乳突縫Occipitomastoid suture蝶額縫Sphenofrontal suture蝶篩縫Sphenoeth

45、moidal suture蝶鱗縫Sphenosquamous suture蝶頂縫Sphenoparietal suture鱗縫Squamous suture額縫Frontal suture頂乳突縫Parietomastoid suture鱗乳突縫Squamosomastoid sutureTape 2 Side A額顴縫Frontozygomatic suture顳顴縫Temporozygomatic suture環樞正中關節PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創建18Median atlantoaxial joint環樞外側關節Lateral at

46、lantoaxial joint關節囊Articular capsule翼狀韌帶Alar lig.齒突間韌帶Apical dental lig.環椎十字韌帶Cruciform lig. of atlas縱束Longitudinal band環椎橫韌帶Transverse lig. of atlas復膜Tectorial membrane肋椎關節Costovertebral joints肋小頭關節Joints of heads of ribs關節囊Articular capsule肋小頭輻狀韌帶Radiate lig. of heads ofribs肋小頭關節間韌帶Intra-articular

47、 lig. ofheads of ribs肋橫突關節Costotransverse joints肋橫突韌帶Costotransverse lig.肋橫突上韌帶Superior costotransverselig.肋橫突側韌帶Lateral costotransverse lig.腰肋韌帶Lumbocostal lig.肋橫突孔Costotransverse foramen胸肋關節Sternocostal joints腦動脈Cerebral a.腦底動脈環Cerebral arterial circle后交通動脈Posterior communicating a.脈絡膜前動脈Anterior

48、choroidal a.大腦前動脈Anterior cerebral a.前交通動脈Anterior communicating a.皮質支Cortical branches眶支Orbital branches額支Frontal branches頂支Parietal branches中央支Central branches大腦中動脈Middle cerebral a.皮質支Cortical branches眶支Orbital branches額支Frontal branches頂支Parietal branchesPDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 試用版本創

49、建19顳支Temporal branches中央支Central branches豆紋支Striate branches椎動脈Vertebral a.脊支Spinal branches脊髓后動脈Posterior spinal a.脊髓前動脈Anterior spinal a.小腦后下動脈Posterior inferiorcerebellar a.基底動脈Basilar a.小腦前下動脈Anterior inferiorcerebellar a.迷路動脈Labyrinthine a.橋支Pontine arteries小腦上動脈Superior cerebellar a.大腦后動脈Posterior cerebral a.皮質支Cortical branches顳支Temporal branches枕支Occipital branches頂枕支Parietooccipital branch中央支Central branches(后)脈絡膜支Chorioid branch頸外靜脈External jugular v.枕靜脈Occipital v.耳后靜脈Posterior auricular v.頸前靜脈Anterior jugul