1、非謂語動詞講解一、非謂語動詞就是在句子中不作謂語的動詞。常分為不定式（to do）、動名詞(doing)、分詞（現在分詞doing、過去分詞done）三種。二、不定式的形式有：to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done動名詞或現在分詞的形式有：doing having done being done having been done過去分詞的形式有：done三、如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，主要看它與邏輯主語之間是主動或是被動關系。如果非謂語動詞是不及物動詞，則主要看它是正在進行或是已完成。四、原則上，不定式表將來要進行或

2、具體的一次動作；動名詞表示正在發生或經常發生的動作；過去分詞表示已經完成的動作。五、非謂語動詞解題時，第一看它與邏輯主語的關系，確定該使用主動還是被動；第二看它與謂語動詞之間發生的時間先后順序。如果非謂語動詞發生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式；如果非謂語動詞與謂語動詞幾乎同時發生，用一般式；如果非謂語動詞發生在謂語動詞之后，用不定式。六、被動和表語形容詞后常用不定式；非謂語動詞后帶有介詞時常用過去分詞。具體用法講解：（主要是非謂語動詞在同一成分中的用法辨析）做主語：（ doing / to do ）一般來說，不定式和動名詞都可以作主語。但動名詞作主語時，表示客觀性、一般性、經常性的行為；而不定式作主

3、語則表示一次性、具體性行為。Looking after children is her job. To clean the classroom is his job today.I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.做賓語:（doing / to do ）(1)有些動詞只能接不定式做賓語，這些動詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，l

4、earn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。He refused to speak on the radio. He desired to see you(2)有些動詞只接動名詞做賓語，這些動詞接上動名詞，含有明顯的"依據往事或經驗來作出理解和判斷"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，av

5、oid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短語動詞：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，can't help，be/get used to等短語：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等(3).有些動詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動名詞，其意義基本相同，區別不大。如；like，lo

6、ve，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，preferomit(省略)，begin，start等.I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.注意：begin和start本身為進行時，或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時，須接不定式。(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式亦可接動名詞，但其意義有很大區別，須特別注意：Aremember，forget，regret接動名詞，表示完成意義(=having done)，接不定式，表示將來意義：Please remember to bring me the book

7、I want next time.I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Bmean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要；mean doing：意味著，Cstop：stop to do停下來，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語；stop doing停止干，動名詞作賓語。Dtry：try to do，努力，試圖干事；try doing：試著干事Ewant，need，require接動名詞表示被動意義，表示"需要、該"；接不定式，表示"想，要干"Fgo on：go on

8、 to do繼續干和原來不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語。go on doing繼續干原來同一件事，動名詞作賓語。G動詞advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞，接復合賓語時用動詞不定式。如：advise doing / advise sb. to do 做賓補：(doing / to do / done ) 做賓補的不定式和現在分詞與邏輯主語（就是賓語）是主動關系，不定式表示一次性、具體性行為，以及將來意義的行為；現在分詞表示當時正在發生的進行意義的行為，亦可表示持續時間的延續性的行為動作。過去分詞與邏輯主語是被動關系，表示完成意義的行為或狀態，及物動詞的過

9、去分詞有被動意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.做表語：（doing / to do / done ）不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內容，且可以和主語顛倒，意思仍然通順，回答what的問題。它們有時存在經常性和一次性行為的區別，過去分詞做表語表明主語的性質、特征和狀態，不能和主語顛倒，可以回答how的問題。Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Clea

10、ning offices is her job.)做定語：（doing / to do / done）不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內容等關系,在時態上常是將來意義。現在分詞做定語是現在時或進行時態意義；過去分詞做定語則是完成時態意義。此外，不定式做定語時只能后置，不可前置，而單個分詞做定語可前置，分詞短語做定語則須后置。動名詞做定語，須前置，且要重讀，它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語表明先行詞的性質、特征和狀態。a swimming boy=a boy who is swimminga swimming pool=a pool for swimming The house to

11、 be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library. The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library. The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.做狀語：（doing / to do / done）不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結果和原因狀語，且多放在句末；分

12、詞可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語，多置于句首，做伴隨狀語，多放在后面。單獨的動名詞不能做狀語，在介詞后形成介詞短語，從而做狀語。(1)目的狀語：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上in order，so as來加強說話的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.(2)時間狀語：分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句。現在分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首，表示的動作和

13、謂語動詞的動作同時發生，有時現在分詞前可以加上時間連詞。如果分詞動作發生在謂語動詞之前，用現在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.W

14、hen asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.(3)原因狀語：不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.Having (=Since they had) be

15、en asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.(4)條件狀語：通常用分詞來表示，相當于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.(5)結果狀語從句：不定式作結果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to，

16、tooto，enough to和only to等結構。現在分詞作結果狀語表示謂語動詞的結果。He arrived late to find the train gone.I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.(6)讓步狀語：通常有過去分詞來表示，而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.Though warned of the danger, he

17、still went skating on the thin ice.(7)伴隨或方式狀語：分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾，表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態。They walked along the streets, talking and laughing. He went into the house, followed by some children.下面是歷年高考題：做做看！1. I've heard him_ about you often.A. spoke B. speaks C. speak2. I'm hungry. Get me something_.A.

18、 eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating3. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know_A. where to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose what D. to choose which4, The teacher told them_ make so much noise.A. don't B. not C. will not D. not to5. I saw him_ out of the roo

19、m.A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes6. I'm going to have my radioA. fixed B. to fix C. fix D. fixing7. The workers want us_ together with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked8. The officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle.A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed9.

20、 _ the letter, he went out to post it,A. Writing B. Being written C. Having written D. Written10. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air_ against your face.A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move11. Don't you remember_?A. seeing the man before B. to see the man beforeC.

21、 saw the man before D. to have seen the man before12. People couldn't help_ the foolish emperor in the procession.A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on 13. What's the language in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak14. We're looking forward_ the photo

22、 exhibition.A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting15. Our headmaster often told us _ things for granted.A. not to have B. not to take C. didn't take D. not to make16. The girl_ under that tree is my sister.A. sitting B. sits C. is sitting D. sat17. _ some officials, Napoleon

23、 inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed byC. Being followed D. Having been followed by18. Do you remember_ me at a party last year?A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met19. This sentence needs_A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved20. "What are you going to do this morning?&quo

24、t;"I'm thinking of_ to visit my aunt."A. go B. going C. having gone D. my going21. _ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual.A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing22. "Have you decided when_?""Yes, tomorrow morning."A. to leave B. to b

25、e leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving23. I really enjoy_ that kind of job.A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be doing24. "There's a hole in your bag.""l know. I am going to have it_."A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended25. The next morning she found the man in bed

26、, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying26. Tell him_ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut27. Only one of these books isA. worth to read B. worth being readC. wroth of reading D. worth reading28. He had his leg_ in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking29. I can't imagine_ that with them.A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing30. Most of the people_ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. be