1、The writing style of Ernest Hemingway By Angelasummary海明威的寫作風格以惜墨如金且輕描淡寫而著稱，對美國文學及20世紀文學的發展有極為深遠的影響。對于海明威的寫作風格，旅美學者夏志清亦有評論過海明威的寫作風格，他認為海明威的文章具記者風格，“一清如水，多讀沒有余味”。83海明威簡潔、直接的寫作風格亦是影響后世作者最大的地方。他很少用裝飾性的字眼，而是以簡明的句子講訴一些人在生活上所表現出的勇氣、力量和尊嚴的故事。關于海明威的寫作技巧寫作技巧，英國著名文學評論家赫歐貝茨 (HEBates)所作的評價是：“除非我看錯了，海明威是深受屠格涅夫、巴

2、爾扎克、莫泊桑和笛福等人筆調的影響，”具體他說，海明威在寫作時往往只用警句式的語言就能表現小說中人物的言談行動。他的筆調瀟灑自然，毫無矯揉造作之處，也沒有著意的渲染和概括，但卻能尖銳地刻畫出人物的內心世界，充分體現了自然主義的白描手法。 WorksNovels春潮（The Torrents of Spring）57太陽照常升起（The Sun Also Rises）58永別了，武器（A Farewell to Arms）59有錢人與沒錢人（To Have and Have Not）60喪鐘為誰而鳴（For Whom the Bell Tolls）61過河入林（Across the River

3、and Into the Trees）62老人與海（The Old Man and the Sea）63-64海流中的島嶼（Islands in the Stream）65伊甸園（The Garden of Eden）66曙光示真（True At First Light）67乞力馬扎羅山下（Under Kilimanjaro）68Non-Fiction死在午后（Death in the Afternoon）69非洲的青山（Green Hills of Africa）70流動的盛宴（A Moveable Feast）71危險的夏天（The Dangerous Summer）Short Stori

4、es 三個故事和十首詩（Three Stories and Ten Poems） 雨中的貓（Cat in the Rain）73-74 在我們的時代里（In Our Time）75 沒有女人的男人（Men Without Women）76 乞力馬扎羅的雪（The Snows of Kilimanjaro）77 勝利者一無所獲（Winner Take Nothing）78 第五縱隊（The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories）79 尼克亞當斯故事集（The Nick Adams Stories）80 海明威短篇故事全集（The Comple

5、te Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway）81 海明威故事選集（Everymans Library: The Collected Stories）82Writing Style Simple structureEg : In Big Tow-Heart River, we see lines such as “He found plenty of good grasshoppers”, “They clung to a wet stem”, and “He stepped into the stream”, “The cord went over his sho

6、ulder.” Narrative Iceberg theoryWriting in The Art of the Short Story, he explains: “A few things I found to be true. If you leave out important things or events that you know about, the story is strengthened. If you leave or skip something because you do not know it, the story will be worthless. Th

7、e test of any story is how very good the stuff that you, not your editors, omit.”The characteristics of Iceberg theory Telegraphic characteristic The portraying of characters psychology An open ending The moderate use of symbolism Telegraphic characteristic A “Telegraphic characteristic” is such a w

8、riting style that there should be no mentions of “I” or “me” . And only minimal use of articles. In other words. A “Telegraphic characteristic” means that one will choose brief and clear words instead of those big and gorgeous ones. The portraying of characters psychologyEg: In A Farewell to Arms, w

9、hen Catherine was in the delivery room, her lover Henry struggled in his mind.“ What if she should die?She wont die? She wont die?She cant?She cant die why would she die?But what if she die?She cant die?But what if she should die?What if she should die?(Hemingway,1994)Using very simple words and sen

10、tences, the author depictsHenrys feeling of being upset and anxious very vividly. An open ending: “gain more while using very little” by using a “ Zero Ending”eg: In the end, “Up the road in his shack, the old man wag sleeping again. He was still sleeping on his face and the boy wag sitting by him w

11、atching him. The old man wag dreaming about the lions.”(The Old Man and the Sea)Santiago was sleeping soundly. Then, when would he wake up? Would he still go fishing after his waking up? The moderate use of symbolismHemingways Hills Like White Elephants describes the young mans complicated feeling before taking his girlfriend to the abortion operation. Hemingway enabled readers to detect the heavy burden through the talk between the young man and her girlfriend instead of mentioning any word about it. And “White elephant” used in the title of th