1、中國考博輔導首選學校東北農業大學考博英語模擬試題及其解析althoughrecentyears have seen substantialreductionsin noxiouspollutantsfrom individualmotor vehicles,thenumber ofsuchvehicleshas been steadilyincreasing.consequently,more than 100citiesintheunitedstatesstillhave levelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,and ozone (generate

2、dby photochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfrom vehicleexhaust)thatexceed legallygengduoyuan xiaowan zheng kao bo yingyu zhen tijiqi jiexiqinglianxiquan guo mian feizixun dianhua:silinglingliuliuba liujiuqiba ,huo jiazixun qq:qiqierliuqiba wu san qiestablishedlimits.there isa growingrealizationthatth

3、eonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions shortofamassiveshiftaway from theprivateautomobile istoreplaceconventionaldieselfueland gasolinewith cleaner-burningfuelssuchas compressed naturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.allof these alternativesare carbon-basedfuelswh

4、ose moleculesare smallerand simplerthan those of gasoline.these moleculesburnmore cleanlythan gasoline,in partbecause theyhave fewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds and the hydrocarbonsthey do emit are lesslikelytogenerateozone.the combustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds involvesa m

5、ore complex seriesofreactions.these reactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionand are more likelytoreleaseuncombusted andphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompounds intothe atmosphere.o中國考博輔導首選學校theotherhand,alternativefuelsdo have drawbacks.compressednaturalgas would requirethatvehicleshav

6、e set of heavy fueltanks a seriousliabilityintermsofperformanceand fuelefficiency and liquefiedpetroleumgas facesfundamentallimitson supply.ethanoland methanol,on theotherhand,have importantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhavehigherenergycontentper volume and would requireminimal

7、changesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotor fuel.ethanoliscommonly used as a gasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceas expensiveas methanol,the low costof which isone of itsattractivefeatures.methanols most attractivefeature,however,isthatitcan reduce by about 90 percentthe vehicleemission

8、sthatformozone,themost seriousurban airpollutant.likeany alternativefuel,methanol has itscritics.yet much ofthe criticismis based on the use of “gasolineclone ” vehiclesthatdo not incorporateeven the simplestdesign improvements thatare madepossiblewiththe use ofmethanol.itistrue,forexample,thatagive

9、nvolume of methanolprovidesonlyabout one-halfof the energythatgasolineand dieselfueldo; otherthingsbeing equal,the fueltankwould have tobe somewhat largerand heavier.however,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescould be designedto be much more efficientthan “gasolineclone ” vehiclesfueledwithmethanol they wo

10、uld needcomparativelylessfuel.vehiclesincorporatingonly the simplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakes feasiblewould 中國考博輔導首選學校contributetoan immediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.1.the authorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwithacounteringa flawedargumentthatdismissesa possiblesolutiontoa problem

11、.breconcilingcontradictorypointsof view about the natureofa problem.c identifyingthe strengthsof possiblesolutionsto a problem.ddiscussinga problem and arguingin favorof one solutiontoit.2. accordingtothe text,incompletecombustionismore likelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithan alternativefuelbecauseathec

12、ombustionof gasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.bthecombustionofgasolineembraces an intricatesetofreactions.cgasolinemoleculeshave a simplemolecularstructure.dgasolineiscomposed ofsmallmolecules.3. the textsuggestswhich of the followingabout airpollution?afurtherattemptstoreduceemissio

13、nsfrom gasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurban air-pollutionlevels.battemptstoreducethepollutantsthatan individualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshave been largelyunsuccessful.cfew seriousattemptshave been madeto reducethe amount ofpollutantsemittedby gasoline-中國考博輔導首選學校dpollutantsemittedby gasoline

14、-fueledvehiclesare notthemost criticalsourceofurbanairpollution.4. which of thefollowingmost closelyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthetext?aalthougha town reduces itspublicservicesin orderto avoida taxincrease,the towns taxrateexceeds thatof othertowns inthesurroundingarea.b altho

15、ugha statepasses strictlaws to limitthe type of toxicmaterialthatcan be disposedof in publiclandfills,illegaldumpingcontinuestoincrease.calthougha towns citizensreducetheirindividualuse ofwater,thetowns watersuppliescontinueto dwindlebecause ofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulatingofthetown.dalthougha

16、countryattemptsto increasethe saleof domesticgoods by addinga taxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoods withinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.5.itcan be inferredthattheauthorofthetextmost likelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolasaflawedbecause oftheassumptionson which itisbased.binapplicablebeca

17、use ofan inconsistencyinthecriticsarguments.cmisguidedbecause ofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus.dinaccuratebecause itignoresconsumersconcerns. 答案與考點解析中國考博輔導首選學校1.【答案】c【考點解析】這是一道中心主旨題。本文的中心主旨句是首段的尾句。通過對首段尾句以及其它段落主題句的閱讀和理解，可以推導出本題的正確選項是 c 。考生在破解此類題型時一定要首先抓住原文的中心主旨句以及各段的主題句。2.【答案】b【考點解析】本題是一道指代詞題型。根據題

18、干中的“incompletecombustion ”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段的第四句，該句中的指代詞“ these ”暗示本題的具體答案信息來源應該在第二段的第三句。通過閱讀和理解第二段的第三句可推導出本題的正確選項是b。考生在解題時對指代詞一定要認真理解。3.【答案】a【考點解析】本題是一道審題定位題型。通過題干中的“airpollution”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第一段，因為第一段首句中含有“ noxiouspollutants”，都在談污染的問題。通過閱讀和理解第一段，尤其是第一段尾句即全文的中心主旨句，可推導出本題的正確選項是a。這是一道比較難的題。考生在解題時

19、一定要具備審題定位能力，還要具備歸納和推導能力。4.【答案】c【考點解析】這是一道類比題型，因為本題題干中含有“parallels”(與相當，與一樣 )一詞。本題題干已將類比的參照對象確定在第一段的首句。通過仔細閱讀和理解第一段的首句，可推導出本題的正確選項是c ， 因為該選項涉及的增減關系的前提條件和原文一脈相承。考生在破解這種題型時應對原文所表達的內容與關系有明確的認識和把握，中國考博輔導首選學校不可以無根據地推導。5.【答案】a【 考點解析】 這是一道細節推導題型。本題題干中的“ thecriticismofmethanol”把本題的答案信息來源確定在第四段的第一、二句。通過閱讀和理解這兩句話，尤其是第二句話，就可推導出本題的正確選項a。考生在破解本題時一定要注意第二句話的第一個詞“yet”在語意上所起的作用。考生在解題時一定要重視啟承轉合詞的出現和功能。 參考譯文近年來， 盡管單個機動車輛排放的有毒污染物已大幅減少，但這些機動車輛的數量一直在持續增長，結果是，在美國有100多個城市的大氣中一氧化碳、灰塵和臭氧 (由車輛尾氣中的碳氫化合物經光化反應產生)的含量已超出了法定的限度。 人們愈來愈認識到，實現車輛廢氣進一步減少而又不必大規模減少私家轎車的唯一有效途徑是用清潔燃料來代替傳統的柴油和汽油燃料。這些清潔燃料包括壓縮天然氣、液化石油氣、乙醇和甲醇。