1、學必求其心得，業必貴于專精1 二十二、倒裝1概念英語的基本語序是“主語 +謂語” ，如果將謂語的一部分或全部放在主語之前，這種語序叫裝。倒裝既是一種語法手段,也是一種修辭手段,用于表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。2倒裝的種類如果將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，這稱之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動詞或情態動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面，這稱之為部分倒裝. 完全倒裝 完全倒裝是將謂語的全部放在主語之前,此結構通常只用于一般現在時和一般過去時兩種。如：on her left sat her husband. 她左邊坐著她丈夫 .here is the book you want

2、。你要的書在這兒。down went the small boat 。小船沉下去了 . 常見的完全倒裝結構學必求其心得，業必貴于專精2 there be句型。如：desk 。桌上有一個手機和一些書。there are thousands of people gathering on the square.廣場上聚集著成千上萬的人注意引導詞 there還可以接 appear ，exist，lie,remain,seem ，stand ，live等詞。there lived an old fisherman in the village.村里住著一位老漁夫。there stand two whit

3、e house by the river。河濱立著兩座白房子。there existed some doubt among the students.學生中有些懷疑。 用于 here ，there,now,thus ，then+動詞+主語的句型中（謂語動詞多為 be,go,come 等） 。如:here comes the bus. 汽車來了。there goes the bell 。鈴響了。now comes my turn. 輪到我了。then came the order to take off 。起飛的命令到了。 以 out，in，up，down，off，away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞是

4、表示“移動”的 go，come,leave 等句子里。如：away went the crowd one by one 。人們一個一個地離去 .in came a stranger in black.進來了一位穿黑衣的陌生人.down fell the leave. ，樹葉掉了下來。注意在完全倒裝的結構里，如果主語是人稱代詞，則用正常語序。如：out she went 。她走了。here we are 。我們到了 .學必求其心得，業必貴于專精3 表示地點的介詞詞組位于句首，謂語動詞是表示 “存在”之意的be,lie ，stand,exist等句子中。如:south of the lake li

5、es a big supermarket.湖泊的南邊是一個大超市。20miles east of our school lies a modern swimning pool.我們學校向東 20英里有一個現代化的游泳池.on the floor were piles of old books ，magazines and newspapers。地板上是一堆堆舊的書報雜志。“表語 +系動詞 +主語”結構。如:lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year。 她很幸運，去年被一所名牌大學錄取。gone are the d

6、ays when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的日子一去不復返了 .present at the meeting are some well-known scientists。一些知名的科學家出席了會議 . 部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態動詞,移至主語之前。如：only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。never have i seen her before.我以前沒見過她 .提示:如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do，does或 did,并將其置于主語之前。學必求其心得，

7、業必貴于專精4 well do i remember the day i joined the league.入團的那一天，我記憶猶新.little did i think that he could be back alive 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。 常見的部分倒裝結構含 有 否 定 意 義 的 副 詞 或 連 詞 （ 如not,seldom,little ，hardly,never,rarely,nowhere 等)放在句首時 .如：he can not speak a single word of english。not a single word of english can he

8、 speak。 他連一個英語單詞都不會說。he cares little about his clothes.little does he care about his clothes。他不在乎穿著。i have never seen hin before.never have i seen him before.never before have i seen him 。我以前沒見過他。the mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.not until the child fell asleep did the moth

9、er leave the roon.孩子睡著了，媽媽才離開房間。（not until 引出的主從復合句中 ,主句倒裝， 從句不倒裝 .）churchill wes not only a statesman，but a poetnot only was churchill a statesman,but a poet。丘吉爾不僅是個政治家,而且還是個詩人。i shall by no means give up.學必求其心得，業必貴于專精5 by no means shall i give up.我決不放棄。必背：表示“網剛。就的倒裝結構如：hardly had he started to lea

10、ve when it began to rain。他剛要離開，天就下起了雨。scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang。他剛坐下，手機就響了。no sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes。他剛交卷就意識到出錯了。3副詞 only+狀語放在句首時only+狀語從句，從句不倒裝，主句倒裝如：only then did i see life was not easy.只有那時我才知道生活是不易的。only in this way can you use

11、the computer well。只有用這種方法你才能把電腦學好。0nly when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed。只有他病重時，他才待在床上。4so引導的倒裝句so作“也”講時，引導的句子用倒裝語序，表示前面所說的肯定情學必求其心得，業必貴于專精6 況也適用于另一人 (或物） .其句型是 :so+be（have ，助動詞或情態動詞）+主語。如：she has been to tokyo 。so have i. 她去過東京，我也去過。he can send emai ls to his former classnates.so ca

12、n she他能電子郵件給以前的同學，她也能 .he went to the film last night。so did i.昨天晚上他去看電影了，我也去了。注意：如果對前面所說的內容，加以肯定，或不作“也”講而只起連詞作用 ,表示一種結果的意思，那不倒裝。-jack won the first prize in the contest.杰克在比賽中獲一等獎。-so he did 。確實是的。it is cold today. 今天很冷。so it is and so was it yesterday.確實是很冷 ,昨天也很冷。his mother told hin to go to the

13、film。so he did 。他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。5neither/nor 引導的句子neither/nor 引導的句子用倒裝語序 ,用于對前面所說的否定內容表示同樣的看法如：i cannot swim.neither can he 。我不會游泳，他也不會。注意：如果前面所說的內容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的謂語動詞學必求其心得，業必貴于專精7 形式不一致時， 用“it is the same with+ 主語”結構或用“soit is with+主語”結構 .如:he worked hard,but didn t pass the exam.so it was with his s

14、ister. 他很努力,但沒有通過考試。他妹妹也是這樣.（既有肯定又有否定）she is a teacher and she enjoys teaching。so it is with mrli。她是老師，熱愛教書。李先生也是這樣。 (謂語一個是系動詞， 一個是行為動詞）6“so.。that。.和“ such.that 。.”結構“so. that。.和“such。 。that。 。 ”結構中的 so 或 such位于句首時。如：he was so excited that he could not say a word.-so excited was he that he could not

15、 say a word.他如此激動以至于一句話都說不出來 .his anger was such that he lost control of himself。-such was his anger that he lost control of himself。 他是如此地生氣 ,以至于他不能控制自己了。7用于省略 if 的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句如：had you received your lessons，you might have passed the exam.were i to do the work,i should do it some other way。should i b

16、e free tomorrow ，i could go with you。學必求其心得，業必貴于專精8 8as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝 表語提前，構成倒裝。如：though she is very pretty ，she is not clever 。pretty though she is ， she is not clever 。雖然她很漂亮 ,但是她不聰明。although it may appear strange,it is true。disabled as he was,he tried his best to serve the people。雖然他殘疾了，但他仍

17、盡力為人民服務。although he is a child ，he speaks fluent english 。child as he is,he speaks fluent english。雖然他是個孩子，但能講流利的英語。 （名詞單數前不用不定冠詞a）though he is the shortest ，he is the richest of the three.shortest as he is,he is the richest of the three.雖然他是三個人中最矮的,卻是最富有的。 (形容詞最高級前去定冠詞the） 動詞提前，構成倒裝。though they sear

18、ched,they could not find anything in the house.search as they did ，they could not find anything in the house 。雖然他們搜遍了，卻沒在房子里找到任何東西。though i failed,i would try again 。fail as i didi would try again 。盡管我失敗了，但我還要再試。學必求其心得，業必貴于專精9 though she may try again， she won t pass it。try as she may, （she wont pass it. 盡管愿意再試，她還是不會通過的。 副詞提前 ,構成倒裝。though he tried hard,he couldnt pass the exam。 hard as he tried,he couldn t pass the exan.盡管他努力了，他還沒有通過考試。though i listened attentively,i still