1、unit 4 global warming.閱讀理解afor a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thought as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment, and for being responsible for littering and overflowing landfills. in a study perfor

2、med by wrap, one of the first to study food waste in the uk in 2012，the most frequent responses when consumers were asked about packaging were “uses too much material” and “bad for the environment”. the conclusions of these reports highlighted that the degree of the problem has been largely underest

3、imated: at least 30% of food produced in the world is wasted. these figures are similar no matter if you are in the developed or developing world.however, two publications from cross­industry work groups were published recently, and have managed to reset the discussion to take into account the

4、benefits of packaging for sustainability(可持續性). the first publication，“the global protocol on packaging sustainability”， describes an agreed common approach towards measuring packaging sustainability metrics(指標), so that the industry is not competing based on the definition of a metric, but rather c

5、ompeting based on performance. the second was, “packaging in the sustainability agenda, a guide for corporate decision makers”， which highlighted the contributions of packaging to the three aspects of sustainability：packaging protects products and prevents waste (environmental aspect); packaging ena

6、bles efficient business conduct (economic aspect); and packaging provides consumers with the benefits of the products it contains(social aspect)packaging performs indeed a wide variety of functions throughout the value chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients(佐料)and pro

7、ducts during transportation and by delivering family­sized packages. food waste could be avoided for single households if they are provided with the choice of pack sizes meeting their consumption patterns and are not forced to buy larger packs that they may not be able to finish before the use&

8、#173;by date. despite the fact that smaller sized packs use more packaging，the fact that food waste is reduced would nevertheless decrease overall environmental impacts of the packed product.1it has long been thought that _.alarger quantities of food are wasted in developed countriesbwrap is the fir

9、st authority to study food waste in the ukcpackaging does great harm to the environmentdpackaging offers a powerful means to reduce food waste2according to the two publications in paragraph 2，_.aan agreement should be reached on measuring packaging sustainabilitybthe industry should compete based on

10、 the definition of sustainability metricscsmaller sized packs promote less packaging and purchase among consumersdsustainable packaging is eco­friendly, economically practical and socially beneficial3the author's attitude towards packaging is _.aapprovingbnegativeccasual ddoubtful【語篇導讀】本文介紹

11、了包裝對環境是有害的。1解析：選c。根據第一段第一句話可知包裝對環境是有害的。2解析：選d。根據第二段最后一句話中的關鍵詞：environmental aspect；economic aspect；social aspect可知合適的包裝是生態環保的，對于社會和經濟都是有益的。3解析：選a。根據文章最后一段可知作者對于適度的包裝還是贊成的。bthousands of cities around the globe turned off their lights for an hour to mark 2014 earth hour, a symbolic show of support for

12、 the environment organized by the world wide fund for nature.since the movement began in sydney, australia, in 2007, it has spread to more than 7,000 cities across more than 160 countries. singapore continues to hold one of the world's largest lights­off events, drawing around 9,000 people

13、this year to marina bay sands, a commercial center typically awash in electricity.to mark the event, actors andrew garfield, jamie foxx, emma stone and a group of other famous stars from the amazing spider­man 2 movie were in town.other iconic landmarks that fell dark included the petronas twin

14、 towers in kuala lumpur，bangkok's wat arun temple, the empire state building in new york, the eiffel tower in paris, sydney opera house, red square in moscow，the bird's nest in beijing and hong kong harbor.as the movement has grown, more organizations and business have committed to switching

15、 off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmental footprint. in singapore, at least 600 organizations and companies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, turn off their air­conditioning units or

16、switch to led lighting.this year the world wide fund for nature, which first launched worldwide earth hour, also launched earth hour blue, a crowd­funding platform aimed at raising money for environmental projects around the globe. on mar. 26, a project to stop the illegal wildlife trade in asi

17、a by providing assistance to wildlife rangers became the first one to reach its target of $20,000 by relying completely on crowdfunding.the hour­long event has little if any impact on electricity consumption, but as an awareness raising event it has registered success.in a statement to mark sat

18、urday's event, andy ridley, ceo and co­founder of earth hour, said asia's rapidly growing digital presence is an added bonus that has helped power our movement.4which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?a2014 earth hour bsave our earthclights­off event d. ea

19、rth hour blue5we can infer from the report that _.aaustralia and singapore were the first two countries to launch earth hourbmore than 7,000 cities from 160 countries took part in 2014 earth hourcsome famous movie stars from the amazing spider­man 2 were invited to singapore to celebrate the ev

20、entdthe world wide fund for nature first organized earth hour worldwide6how many different specific places are mentioned in the text to have participated in 2014 earth hour across the world?a7. b8.c9. d10.7based on the report, which of the following statements is not correct?amarina bay sands is a c

21、ommercial center located in singapore.bearth hour blue is a platform intended to collect money for environmental projects around the globe.candy ridley is the chief executive officer of earth hour and one of its founders.dled lighting is an energy­saving device which doesn't use electricity

22、.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。全球數千座城市響應了2014年的“地球一小時”(earth hour)熄燈活動。這是一項由世界自然基金會(world wide fund for nature)發起的象征性的環保運動。許多名人和著名景點都響應了這項活動。4解析：選a。主旨大意題。根據第一段內容可知，全球數千座城市響應了2014年的“地球一小時”熄燈活動。在下文中也是圍繞這一主題展開，故選a項。5解析：選d。推理判斷題。根據第一段中.organized by the world wide fund for nature.以及倒數第三段this year the world wide fund fo

23、r nature，which first launched worldwide earth hour，.可推斷世界自然基金會最先組織了世界范圍的“地球一小時”熄燈活動。故選d項。6解析：選c。細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句中提到的marina bay sands，以及第四段中提到的petronas twin towers in kuala lumpur，bangkok's wat arun temple，the empire state building in new york，the eiffel tower in paris，sydney opera house，red squar

24、e in moscow，the bird's nest in beijng and hong kong harbor可知，一共提到九個地點。故選c項。7解析：選d。推理判斷題。根據第五段中的.more organizations and business have committed to switching off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmental footprint .or switch to led lighting.可知，越來越多的組織和企業通過熄燈來支持環保行動。在新加坡，至少有6

25、00個組織和企業同意關閉燈光，或參加減少塑料袋使用、縮短沐浴時間及改用led(發光二極管)燈等活動。由此處并結合常識可推斷，led lighting是一種節能設備，但并不是不用電。故選d項。長難句分析：in singapore，at least 600 organizations and companies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags，take shorter showers，turn off their air­condi

26、tioning units or switch to led lighting.句式分析：這是一個含有并列動詞不定式的簡單句。主語：600 organizations and companies；謂語動詞：agreed；賓語：to either switch off their lights or participate in movements；并列動詞不定式to use，(to)take；(to)turn off，(to)switch to在句中作定語，修飾movements。句意：在新加坡，至少600個組織和企業同意要么關掉燈，要么參加各種運動，比如盡量少用塑料袋，縮短沖澡時間，關掉空調

27、設備或者換成led照明。c(2016·高考北京卷)surviving hurricane sandy(颶風桑迪)natalie doan,14，has always felt lucky to live in rockaway, new york. living just a few blocks from the beach，natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“it's the ocean that makes rockaway so special，”she says.on octobe

28、r 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. that night, hurricane sandy attacked the east coast, and rockaway was hit especially hard. fortunately, natalie's family escaped to brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborho

29、od in ruins. many of natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. all around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in brooklyn.in the following few days, the men and women helping ro

30、ckaway recover inspired natalie. volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high­rise buildings.“my mom t

31、ells me that i can't control what happens to me，”natalie says，“but i can always choose how i deal with it.”natalie's choice was to help.she created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. natalie posted information about a boy named patrick, who lost his ba

32、seball card collection when his house burned down. within days, patrick's collection was replaced.in the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: christopher, who received a new basketball; charlie，who got a new keyboard. natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much

33、3;needed supplies to rockaway. her efforts made her a famous person. last april, she was invited to the white house and honored as a hurricane sandy champion of change.today, the scars (創痕)of destruction are still seen in rockaway, but hope is in the air. the streets are clear, and many homes have b

34、een rebuilt.“i can't imagine living anywhere but rockaway，”natalie declares.“my neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before.”8when natalie returned to rockaway after the hurricane，she found _.asome friends had lost their livesbher neighborhood was destroyedcher school had moved to brookl

35、yndthe elderly were free from suffering9according to paragraph 4, who inspired natalie most?athe people helping rockaway rebuild.bthe people trapped in high­rise buildings.cthe volunteers donating money to survivors. dlocal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.10how did natalie help th

36、e survivors?ashe gave her toys to other kids.bshe took care of younger children.cshe called on the white house to help.dshe built an information sharing platform.11what does the story intend to tell us?alittle people can make a big difference.ba friend in need is a friend indeed.ceast or west, home

37、is best.dtechnology is power.【語篇導讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文的主人公14歲的女孩娜塔莉主動參與重建遭受颶風重創的家鄉。她建立了一個網站，為外界的捐贈者和家鄉需要幫助的人結對，同時幫助很多孩子實現了自己的夢想。她應邀到白宮，并被授予榮譽稱號。長難句解讀：natalie posted information about a boy named patrick，who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.分析：本句中過去分詞named patrick作定語修飾名詞a boy，who引導

38、非限制性定語從句修飾a boy。從句中的when引導時間狀語從句，動詞短語burn down表示“燒毀”。譯文：娜塔莉在網站發布了一個叫帕特里克的男孩的信息。他家的房子(在颶風中)被燒毀了，因此他失去了自己收集的棒球卡。8解析：選b。細節理解題。由題干的“returned.after the hurricane”可知，答案應該在第三段。娜塔莉一家在颶風過后回到家鄉，發現街區已變為廢墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家園，并且住到了很遠的地方。人們都在遭受苦難，特別是老年人。從這些信息可知選b。9解析：選a。細節理解題。由第四段第一句中的“the men and w

39、omen helping rockaway recover inspired natalie”可知選a。10解析：選d。細節理解題。由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一個網站，讓捐助者與需要幫助的人通過這個網站建立聯系，以此來幫助他們，因此選d。11解析：選a。主旨大意題。本題給出的四句諺語的含義依次為：“小人物也有大作為”；“患難之友才是真正的朋友”；“金窩銀窩不如自己的狗窩”；“技術就是力量”。本文介紹的是14歲的小女孩娜塔莉如何幫助家鄉的重建工作，因此選a。d(2017·四川成都模擬)“developed and developing nations can learn from ea

40、ch other seeking a low­carbon economy，”a chinese government official said in shanghai yesterday.“china doesn't lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，”said zhou changyi，director of the energy saving department of the ministry of industry and information technology

41、.“while we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，”zhou said in a speech during the new path of china's industrialization forum at the ongoing china international industry fair 2009.he said industrialized nations and ch

42、ina are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. the united kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. for china, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countrie

43、s made when they industrialized.as such, overseas exhibitors at this year's fair are showing ways to help china achieve low­carbon emissions in the industrial section.swiss power and automation technology group abb called for a stronger focus on product life cycle assessment, or lca, which

44、is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.tobias becker, head of abb's process automation division for north asia and china, said lca is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon e

45、missions.lca shows that industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage. for example, a motor's initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent g

46、oes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.richard hausmann, north east asia ceo of siemens, said：“the color of future industrialization is green.”the germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion euros ($8. 8 billion) for intelligent net power

47、 networks，smart grid, over the next five years. siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.a smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increa

48、se reliability. the united states and china are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.12the underlined word “lag” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”afall behind bbe superior tocattack dfear13which of the following about lca is true?alca is used to study the impact on a product.blca ca

49、n help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot.clca shows industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental influence on its initial investment.dlca was one of the exhibitions at this year's fair.14we can infer from the last paragraph of this passage that _.asieme

50、ns has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid businessbsiemens received orders worth 6 billion euros recentlycsiemens will earn $8. 8 billion from intelligent power networksdsiemens' plan about smart grid may come true in the future15the best title for the passage is _.adevel

51、oped and developing nations can learn from each otherblow­carbon economya shared goalcintelligent power networksdtwo biggest markets for smart grid【語篇導讀】發展中國家和發達國家在尋求低碳經濟發展上可以互相借鑒，這是他們共同的目標。12解析：選a。詞義猜測題。根據第二段“china doesn't lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy”可

52、知，就節能和綠色經濟方面，中國并不落后于發達國家，所以選擇a項。13解析：選b。細節理解題。根據第七段內容可知，lca可以幫助生產企業減少碳的排放，所以b項正確。14解析：選d。推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，“智能電網”不僅可以節能、降低成本，而且還能提高可靠性。美國和中國將成為智能電網最大的市場。綜上所述可知，西門子推出的智能電網計劃得以實現的可能性很大。故d項正確。15解析：選b。標題歸納題。文章第一段表明發展中國家和發達國家在尋求低碳經濟發展上可以互相借鑒，這是他們共同的目標。由此可知b項符合。.七選五(2017·甘肅河西五市二次聯考)if you are in a crowd,

53、 the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice alternate exits._1_make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on, and know that in a crowd of moving people wet or uneven ground can be slippery or hazardous, causing you to fall.2_when in danger,