1、contents Diet Concept Main Food and Drinks The different diet etiquetteEASTWESTDiet Concept Because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and other factors, we can find that different countries have different food cultures. One of the fundamental reasons for the difference between C

2、hinese and Western food culture is the way of thinking and philosophy of life. （馮雪陽,2012）Chinese people pursue the beauty of cuisine. Chinese often use these words such as color、smell、taste and sharp to describe the food.To people foodstuff is all-important, and to foodstuff taste is all-important.C

3、hinese diet concept Chinese diets focus on the taste, but neglect the nutrition of food. In Chinese concept, cuisine is a great art, which brings people pleasure when enjoying it. (吳澎, 2009)Western diet concept Paying more attention to the quality and pragmatism(實用主義) 1. To satisfy ones hunger 2. To

4、 pursue convenience-less willing to cook in the home 3. To be healthy- nutrition must be assured in the food Western diet concept is a kind of rational diet concept. Westerners regard diet as a kind of science, paying attention to the nutrition. As long as the food contains enough nutrition, they sh

5、ould enjoy it. In their eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy. （蔣艷,2007）Main food and DrinksChinaWestIn Chinese dishes, vegetable is an usual food, and meat entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards. Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the

6、worship. Westerners live mainly by fishing and hunting, and planting is just the complement. There are more meat dishes in their lives. Chinese dishes are always hot food and cooked. While westerners like to eat raw vegetables. （張亞紅（張亞紅, 2007）Several famous brands of white spirits Maotai Five-Grain

7、liquor Luzhou Liquor Gujing Tribute Wine Grape Wine of the Great Wall The varteties of western wine Beer 啤酒啤酒 cocktail 雞尾酒雞尾酒 whiskey 威士忌威士忌 wine 葡萄酒葡萄酒The ways of drinking In China: collectivism People call friends, drink to friendship, and celebrate festivals by drinking together. In America: indi

8、vidualism Although there are various parties of drinking wine, they emphasize on personal taste for wine and drink alone, and focus on the diversity of wine, highlighting the role of the winemaker.The purposes of drinkingIn China, wine is often used as a tool. Wine plays an extremely important role

9、in Chinese folk-custom. People rely more on drinking and pursue something other than wine. In west, the purpose of drinking is often very simple, to enjoy the wine. It is also a good way to relax and enjoy their wonderful life.3.The different diet etiquette In China, the table manners could date bac

10、k to Zhou Dynasty. After being highly praised by Confucius, table etiquette became an important part of the powerful country. From Qing Dynasty, the modern table manners gradually shaped to be a quite complete system. (Dong Baojun, 2005) The western table manners originated from Merovingian Dynasty

11、in France. It is developed from the spirit of knight during the 11th century to 12th century; banquet became the center of western feudalism. In 13th century, it gradually had access to family and friendship. (Margaret Visser, 2007) In China: The elders or the high-status men should have a seat firs

12、t, being seated facing south or the door (Wang Renxiang, 2006).Sitting In Western Countries: Ladies are to be the first. The host and the hostess sit at the two ends of the long table. The seats in the right side of the host and the hostess are the seats of honor (Qian Ruijuan, 2006, 80-90).Tablewar

13、eteapotplatetable clothbowlchopstickssoup spoonChopsticks: They are made of wood which is form nature. They are heat and freezing resistance, representing the typical Chinese spirithard-working, not afraid of hardships, collectivism and the national unity. Forks and Knives: They are made of medal an

14、d they are the productions of modern industry, reflecting the westerns analytically philosophical thinking pattern. (Zhang Wenjuan, 2009, 283)The Order of Dishes (Chen Hongmei, 2005)appetizer (a starter)soupmain coursevegetable saladdesserttea or coffeesecond coursefruitfour cold dishesmain courses

15、(hot meat and vegetable dishes)staple food (rice, noodles, dumplings) soup(1) Attitude to guests In China: Invite or persuade guests to eat more and drink more. The host or the hostess will use chopsticks or spoons to put food in others bowls or plates. Male guests are routinely offered alcohol and

16、cigarettes at meal times. An empty glass is always refilled, as a mark of politeness or good will. In Western Countries: Help yourself and refuse. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “No, thank you.” Before t

17、he desert is served, they will drink a toast.Manners in China and Western Countries (Chen Hongmei, 2005)2)Spitting Out the Bones In China: a common practice to spit things out on the table or the floor. Using chopsticks, a hand or a tissue is a polite way around the problem. In Western Countries: Sp

18、it out the bones with a napkin covered your mouth or use the fork to put the bones on the certain plate.3)Touching Table In China: quite acceptable particularly when eating noodles. In Western Countries: Sometimes considered rude to put ones elbows on the dining table. 4)Noise and Smoking In China:

19、Slurping, smacking the lips and leaving the mouth open when eating can be viewed as impolite and rude. Smoking is also permitted in most Chinese restaurants. In Western Countries: Slurping and burping are considered as extremely rude. If you have to, say “excuse me”. If the coffee is served, you can

20、 smoke after youve got the permission or you can smoke in smoking areas. Various rules and suggestions:In China: uMake the elders have a seat first.u Wash you hands before each meal.uYoud better not eat too fast or too much.u Dont speak with your mouth full of food. (Dong Baojun, 2005)In ChinaIn Wes

21、tern CountriesIn Western CountriesuPick your napkin up and lay it on your lap as soon as the hostess picks up hers. uUse the largest spoon beside your plate at the right-hand side to drink soup.uUse a special fork for the fish which is similar with the meat fork but smaller.uState your preference as

22、 to lean or fat, dark or light before the main course.uSit up straight on your chair and drink only when there is no food in your mouth. (Lin Ying and Mao Yongnian, 2009)Donts Keep the spoon inside the bowl or cup Talk with your mouth full Burp / Hiccup Use your tongue to remove the residues in betw

23、een your teeth Shake your leg underneath the table Apply lipstick at the table after a meal (Lin Ying and Mao Yongnian, 2009)Different cultures: Most Chinese believe in Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. The Buddhist advocates “mercifulness” and “harmony”. Confucians stress benevolence, righteousnes

24、s, propriety, intelligence and loyalty. Taoists emphasize conforming to nature. Western countries advocate democracy, freedom, equality, individual power and value. Westerners mostly believe in Catholicism or Christianity, and believe that God created man and man are originally sinful. (Zhang Wenjuan, 2009)Different Values: In China, collectivism is the guiding value and loyalty and filial piety