1、NANCHANG UNIVERSITY畢業(yè)設(shè)計中英文翻譯THESIS OF BACHELOR（2011 2015 年）論文題目 南昌市華龍國際大樓 學(xué) 院 建筑工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 土木工程 班 級 土木112班 學(xué) 號 6002111073 學(xué)生姓名 謝金鵬 指導(dǎo)教師 聶璐 袁志軍 卓平山 9Steel structure houseAbstract：During the 15 projects in China steel housing is will focus on the promotion of its high strength, structure, small size, li

2、ght weight, construction speed, seismic performance and the characteristics of a high degree of industrialization. This paper describes the development of steel housing situation and its characteristics, then the future development of residential steel analysis and outlook.Key words: steel steel hou

3、sing development prospectsA steel construction and steel residential status1.1 Development of steel buildingSince the reform and opening up, China's steel production has been greatly improved, especially after 1997, China's steel production exceeded 100 million tons, but China's steel st

4、eel ratio of total steel production is only about 3% , and in the amount of steel in the steel, construction steel structure steel volume is only 10% of steel production in China as a great power status is not commensurate, this, the State Economic and Trade Commission in conjunction with the Minist

5、ry of Metallurgy has developed in promote the use of steel construction in a series of policy measures to encourage the use of steel form construction, steel structure in 2010 for the amount to 6% of the total steel output.B residential Steel structure compared to traditional advantages of home2.1 T

6、he advantages of steel residential structure2.1.1 The layout features a reasonable interval toUsing the characteristics of high strength steel, the design layout of large bays can be used to separate the construction plane to a reasonable, flexible and easy to create an open house. The traditional s

7、tructure (brick, concrete structure) because of material property limits the spatial arrangement of the free, if the bay is too large, will result in thickness, high beam, column major, a "fat fat beam column", not only affect the appearance and weight increase, increased costs, home buyer

8、s in the secondary decoration, the frequent changes in the wall as their own position and increase risks.2.1.2 Steel high utilization rate of residential spaceIn the space usage on a small section steel, and construction of reinforced concrete structures can increase the effective area compared to 8

9、%. In the architectural style, the steel structure also is more flexible and rich in indoor spaces can be divided over the program to meet the needs of different users.2.1.3 light weight, good seismic performanceBuilding floor area of the same building, steel structure, light weight, according to co

10、mparison, six light weight steel structure house, brick house is only equivalent to the weight of four. And steel, ductile, better able to consume the energy of the earthquake, the seismic performance, structural safety is high.2.2 The economic advantages of residential steel2.2.1 Construction, shor

11、t time limitSteel structures, factory production can be implemented, on-site installation. Because a small amount of field operations, the surrounding environmental pollution at the same time, construction of the high degree of mechanization, speed up the construction pace. According to statistics,

12、the same area of the building, steel structure, concrete structure construction period can be shortened more than 1 / 3, and can save formwork materials.2.2.2 Integrated low costAs the light weight, lower cost basis, the overall material reduction in direct costs, short construction period, and redu

13、ce indirect costs, so an integrated low cost.2.2.3 meet the housing industry and the requirements of sustainable developmentSteel suitable for mass production factories, the high degree of industrialization, and is able energy saving, waterproof, heat insulation, doors, windows and other advanced pr

14、oduct set in one, complete applications, will design, manufacture, construction and integration, improve the housing industry level.In addition, steel scrap would be achieved in 100% of waste recycled, so called "steel building" as a "green building" is not too much, it is to ada

15、pt our strategy of sustainable human development of new architectural forms.C steel residential development resistance (neck bottle) analysis3.1 Social acceptanceSteel housing is the major problem facing the development of society as a whole to accept the new housing system needs a process. Light st

16、eel housing system is in a foreign country, especially in North America timber structure Jichu developed on which two kinds of system, while in foreign countries has been very matured and improved, but for our country is totally a new thing, Yinergezhong difficulties almost everywhere. As Chinese co

17、nsumers have long used to the brick or reinforced concrete structure house, slowly began to receive progressively from light steel structure like residential, also requires a gradual process.3.2 rise steel technologies are not matureComplete steel structure system of residential technology, the past

18、 lack of technical guidance, market demand did not meet the level of industry, Thus, our functional single-related products, low level of industrialization, product quality can not meet the requirements of domestic industry Hua standards. Currently, the technology rather than fragmented systems, var

19、ying skill levels and standards, not complete, but needs further research and innovation and integration.In addition, building materials and parts, the current pilot project will require the construction of light steel structure in many materials shipped from abroad, and even some foreign investors

20、in mainland China, commissioned by the processing of parts, often can only go abroad to purchase, in the domestic market Can not find a time. This also restricts the development and promotion of domestic steel.3.3 Lack of professional and technical personnel In terms of personnel, the domestic secon

21、dary or higher professional schools, regardless of the teaching contents are less involved in light steel structure house, so my architectural professional engineers know little about this system, but more the lack of a skilled workers, so although the system is not purely a technical level, how muc

22、h difficulty, but the real lack of effective implementation of them is often the backbone.3.4 Cost issuesLight steel structure housing the current offer in the mainland of China is about the traditional concrete structure with conditions 1.5 times residential, domestic consumers in the near term una

23、cceptable. However, this price structure in foreign countries other than the cost of housing is, it is highly competitive, which is why the light steel structure house abroad, the reason can flourish. Any new technology and the emergence and development of both technical and economic context in whic

24、h society is linked, adapt, and now the United States, Japan, Europe and other developed countries and regions, China's per capita GDP of about 40 to 50 times, labor cost is about for our 20 to 30 times, therefore,Meet the industrial production of light steel structure house than in developed co

25、untries more easily accepted by the market in China. In China, the development in technology and low productivity, low labor costs, despite the light steel structure residential high performance and comfort, but for the traditional forms of residential building competitive advantage Fandao visibilit

26、y. Therefore market acceptance up slow.3.5 lack of targeted domestic norms and the corresponding standard steelOur standards are widely used for decades prepared the structural system, light steel structure house had a technical gap in China, so China can not meet certain provisions of the existing

27、mandatory standard. For example, the construction of buildings in China after the founding of masonry and reinforced concrete multi-use properties such as good fire-resistant construction materials, which led to China's "architectural design code for fire protection" in the material se

28、lection appears to be more foreign harsh, light steel structure housing can not meet their requirements . This specification does not converge with the domestic situation, so that light steel structure residential projects both in Gongchengbaojian phase or stage of the project is completed,Will enco

29、unter countless obstacles and troubles.3.6 defects steel housing itselfFireproof poor. After the fire resistance of steel structure fire treatment time is only 2 to 3 hours, far less than that of reinforced concrete masonry and construction materials such as good fire resistance.3.7 The lack of suit

30、able construction managementIn the construction management aspects, China's current building management mode and light steel structure housing this industrialization Shengchan methods are not adapt to China's accession to WTO since many foreign domestic manufacturers were seeking to enter th

31、e China market, but they did not know that their Laidao China What qualifications should apply for after, are in what capacity - Design unit? Construction unit? Integrators? Or the manufacturer?D Prospect Steel ResidentialCalculated according to the lowest level in developed countries, China's s

32、teel capacity at least 36 million tons of steel for development. In the near future, the state will develop steel construction, steel structure of steel per year and strive to account for the national steel output more than 3% average annual steel consumption of 3.5 to 4 million tons; to 2015, we wi

33、ll go double the national construction of steel structure steel accounted for more than 6% of the total output of steel, we can see, steel housing market prospects are bright.4.1 for construction of special steel will continue to emergeAs China's iron and steel smelting technology to improve, to

34、 meet the market demand for special steel used in construction will continue to emerge, such as Baosteel, Wuhan Iron and steel companies such as the successful development of fire-resistant weathering steel, it is through appropriate technology to steel containing specific components (such as the Mo

35、, etc.), so that the apparent steel structure and microstructure changes, so that steel itself generate the necessary fire resistance and weather resistance. The emergence of a variety of new construction steel will vigorously promote the development of steel structure house.4.2 The State will focus

36、 on supporting the construction of light steel structure houseLight steel structure residential construction in China just involvement, China is now a steel-producing countries, annual output more than 300 million tons, steel residential development has great potential. 90's of last century, the

37、 State Ministry of Construction and the State Economic and Trade Commission unanimously adopted the "universal system of light steel structure residential building development and application" as the breakthrough point of the steel construction industry in China, and officially listed as n

38、ational key technical innovation projects. The initiative for the development of China's steel foundation. Now, because the state's macro-control function, housing an unprecedented downturn in the timing of introduction of steel housing,The advantages of using steel housing to attract public

39、 attention, stimulating consumption and increasing the purchasing power of the market, with a multiplier effect. The development of light steel structure house now great time.4.3 Steel residential construction will continue to develop technologyWith the development of steel construction, steel resid

40、ential construction technology will surely continue to mature, a lot of new material for steel structure housing will continue to emerge at the same time, steel industry, building codes, building standards will be followed Zhu Jian perfect. I believe in the near future, the steel structure is bound

41、to the housing industry and residential construction industry has brought a deeper revolution.4.4 rise steel is the only way for China's housing industryHousing industry is the only way for China's housing industry, which will be promoting the economic development of new growth. Steel housin

42、g is easy to implement industrial production, standardized production, but with the wall material can be matched with energy saving, environmental protection, new materials, which are green environmental protection building, renewable re-use, consistent with sustainable development strategies, there

43、fore Complete steel structure system technology research house will greatly facilitate the rapid development of housing industry, a direct impact on the development level of China's housing industry and the future.E ConclusionIf the structure of the development of reinforced concrete constructio

44、n from the hand into a mechanized, then the application of steel structure will allow residential construction on modernization, construction steel structure housing will be an important indicator of modernization."Steel is a green house, steel structure consistent with the concept of sustainab

45、le development" - the 21st century will be occupied by a vast steel construction market. Vigorously promoted in our current era of housing industry background, the steel system will become the mainstream of housing structure system.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅摘要：鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅是十五期間我國將重點推廣的項目，其具有強度高、結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸小、自重輕、施工速度快，抗震性能好及工業(yè)化程度

46、高的特點。本文首先介紹了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及它的特點，然后對鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的發(fā)展前景進行了分析和展望。關(guān)鍵詞：鋼結(jié)構(gòu) 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅 發(fā)展前景 1 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑及鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀1.1 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 改革開放以來，我國的鋼產(chǎn)量有了很大的提高，特別是從1997年以后，我國的鋼產(chǎn)量突破1億噸，但我國的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼量占總鋼產(chǎn)量的比例僅為3%左右，而在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼量中，建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼量又僅占10%，這與我國作為產(chǎn)鋼大國的地位是很不相稱的，為此，國家外經(jīng)貿(mào)委會同冶金部制定了在建筑工程中推廣使用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的一系列政策措施，鼓勵建筑工程采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)形式，爭取在2010年建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的用量達到總鋼產(chǎn)量的6%。2 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)

47、住宅相比傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式住宅的優(yōu)勢分析2.1 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)勢2.1.1 能合理布置功能區(qū)間 利用鋼材強度高的特點，設(shè)計可采用大開間布置，使建筑平面能夠合理分隔，靈活方便，創(chuàng)造開放式住宅。而傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)（磚混結(jié)構(gòu)、砼結(jié)構(gòu)）由于材料性質(zhì)限制了空間布置的自由，如果開間過大，就會造成板厚、梁高、柱大，出現(xiàn)“肥梁胖柱”現(xiàn)象，不但影響美觀，而且自重增大，增加造價，購房者在二次裝飾時，經(jīng)常由于自行改變墻體位置，增加隱患。2.1.2 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅空間利用率高 在空間使用率上，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的斷面小，與鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)相比可增加建筑有效面積8%左右。在建筑風(fēng)格上，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑也更顯靈活豐富，戶內(nèi)空間可多方案分割，可以滿足不同

48、用戶的需求。2.1.3 自重輕、抗震性能好 相同建筑面積的建筑樓層，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)自重輕，根據(jù)比較，六層輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的重量，僅相當(dāng)于四層磚混結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的重量。而且鋼材具有延性，能比較好的消耗地震帶來的能量，所以抗震性能好，結(jié)構(gòu)安全度高。2.2 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅經(jīng)濟性優(yōu)勢2.2.1 施工方便、工期短 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，可以實行工廠化生產(chǎn)，現(xiàn)場安裝。由于現(xiàn)場作業(yè)量小，對周圍環(huán)境污染少，同時，施工機械化程度高，加快了施工速度。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，同樣面積建筑物，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)比砼結(jié)構(gòu)工期可縮短1/3，而且可節(jié)省支模材料。2.2.2 綜合造價低 由于自重輕，基礎(chǔ)費用降低，總體用料減少，直接成本降低，建設(shè)工期短，間接費又可減少，所以綜合造價低

49、。2.2.3符合住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)適宜工廠大批量生產(chǎn)，工業(yè)化程度高，并且能將節(jié)能、防水、隔熱、門窗等先進成品集合于一體，成套應(yīng)用，將設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)、施工一體化，提高住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化的水平。另外，鋼材報廢后可實現(xiàn)100廢品再回收利用，所以稱“鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑”為“綠色建筑”毫不為過，它是適應(yīng)我們?nèi)祟惪沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的新型建筑形式。3 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅發(fā)展阻力（頸瓶）分析3.1 社會認可度 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的發(fā)展面臨的首要問題是整個社會對這種新住宅體系的接受需要一個過程。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅體系是在國外尤其是北美地區(qū)木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的，這兩種體系雖然在國外已經(jīng)十分成熟和完善，但是對于我國來說卻完全是新東西，

50、因而各種困難幾乎無處不在。中國的消費者由于長期以來住慣了磚混或鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的住宅，從慢慢開始接受到逐步喜歡輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅，也需要一個漸進的過程。3.2發(fā)展鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅技術(shù)上還不夠成熟鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系住宅成套技術(shù)，由于過去缺乏技術(shù)引導(dǎo)，市場需求沒有達到產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度，因此，我國的相關(guān)產(chǎn)品功能性單一，工業(yè)化程度不高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量還不能滿足住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。目前，該技術(shù)零散而不系統(tǒng)，技術(shù)水平及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參差不齊，不配套，需進一步研究創(chuàng)新并進行整合。此外，在建材和部品方面，目前建造輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)試驗工程所需材料許多要從國外運來，甚至有些由外商在中國大陸委托加工的部件，往往也只能到國外去采購，在國內(nèi)市場上一時還找不到。這也制約

51、了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的發(fā)展和推廣。3.3 專業(yè)技術(shù)人才缺乏在人員方面，由于國內(nèi)無論中等或是高等專業(yè)學(xué)校的教學(xué)內(nèi)容中均少涉及輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅體系，因此我國建筑類專業(yè)的工程技術(shù)人員對這一體系知之甚少，而更加缺乏的是熟練技術(shù)工人，所以雖然這一體系單純從技術(shù)層面上講并無多少難度，但真正推行起來卻往往缺乏得力的骨干。3.4 工程造價問題目前輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅在我國大陸的報價大約是同條件傳統(tǒng)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的1.5倍左右，國內(nèi)消費者近期還難以接受。然而這種價格在國外比起其它結(jié)構(gòu)形式住宅的造價來說，卻具有很強的競爭力，這也就是為什么輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅體系在國外能夠蓬勃發(fā)展的原因。任何新技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展都是與所處社會的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟背景相聯(lián)系、相適應(yīng)的，目前美、日、歐等發(fā)達國家和地區(qū)，人均GDP約為我國的40至50倍，勞動力價格約為我國的20至30倍，因此，符合產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)方式的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅在發(fā)達國家遠比我國更易被市場接受。而我國由于科技和生產(chǎn)力發(fā)